The Chemistry Of Alchemy
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The Chemistry Of Alchemy
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Author : Cathy Cobb
language : en
Publisher: Prometheus Books
Release Date : 2014-07-01
The Chemistry Of Alchemy written by Cathy Cobb and has been published by Prometheus Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-01 with Science categories.
A unique approach to the history of science using do-it-yourself experiments along with brief historical profiles to demonstrate how the ancient alchemists stumbled upon the science of chemistry. Be the alchemist! Explore the legend of alchemy with the science of chemistry. Enjoy over twenty hands-on demonstrations of alchemical reactions. In this exploration of the ancient art of alchemy, three veteran chemists show that the alchemists' quest involved real science and they recount fascinating stories of the sages who performed these strange experiments. Why waste more words on this weird deviation in the evolution of chemistry? As the authors show, the writings of medieval alchemists may seem like the ravings of brain-addled fools, but there is more to the story than that. Recent scholarship has shown that some seemingly nonsensical mysticism is, in fact, decipherable code, and Western European alchemists functioned from a firmer theoretical foundation than previously thought. They had a guiding principle, based on experience: separate and purify materials by fire and reconstitute them into products, including, of course, gold and the universal elixir, the Philosophers' stone. Their efforts were not in vain: by trial, by error, by design, and by persistence, the alchemists discovered acids, alkalis, alcohols, salts, and exquisite, powerful, and vibrant reactions--which can be reproduced using common products, minerals, metals, and salts. So gather your vats and stoke your fires! Get ready to make burning waters, peacocks' tails, Philosophers' stone, and, of course, gold!
The Story Of Alchemy And The Beginnings Of Chemistry
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Author : M. M. Pattison Muir
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-06-03
The Story Of Alchemy And The Beginnings Of Chemistry written by M. M. Pattison Muir and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-03 with categories.
CHAPTER I THE EXPLANATION OF MATERIAL CHANGES GIVEN BY THE GREEK THINKERS. For thousands of years before men had any accurate and exact knowledge of the changes of material things, they had thought about these changes, regarded them as revelations of spiritual truths, built on them theories of things in heaven and earth (and a good many things in neither), and used them in manufactures, arts, and handicrafts, especially in one very curious manufacture wherein not the thousandth fragment of a grain of the finished article was ever produced. The accurate and systematic study of the changes which material things undergo is called chemistry; we may, perhaps, describe alchemy as the superficial, and what may be called subjective, examination of these changes, and the speculative systems, and imaginary arts and manufactures, founded on that examination. We are assured by many old writers that Adam was the first alchemist, and we are told by one of the initiated that Adam was created on the sixth day, being the 15th of March, of the first year of the world; certainly alchemy had a long life, for chemistry did not begin until about the middle of the 18th century. No branch of science has had so long a period of incubation as chemistry. There must be some extraordinary difficulty in the way of disentangling the steps of those changes wherein substances of one kind are produced from substances totally unlike them. To inquire how those of acute intellects and much learning regarded such occurrences in the times when man's outlook on the world was very different from what it is now, ought to be interesting, and the results of that inquiry must surely be instructive. If the reader turns to a modern book on chemistry (for instance, The Story of the Chemical Elements, in this series), he will find, at first, superficial descriptions of special instances of those occurrences which are the subject of the chemist's study; he will learn that only certain parts of such events are dealt with in chemistry; more accurate descriptions will then be given of changes which occur in nature, or can be produced by altering the ordinary conditions, and the reader will be taught to see certain points of likeness between these changes; he will be shown how to disentangle chemical occurrences, to find their similarities and differences; and, gradually, he will feel his way to general statements, which are more or less rigorous and accurate expressions of what holds good in a large number of chemical processes; finally, he will discover that some generalisations have been made which are exact and completely accurate descriptions applicable to every case of chemical change. But if we turn to the writings of the alchemists, we are in a different world. There is nothing even remotely resembling what one finds in a modern book on chemistry. Here are a few quotations from alchemical writings: "It is necessary to deprive matter of its qualities in order to draw out its soul.... Copper is like a man; it has a soul and a body ... the soul is the most subtile part ... that is to say, the tinctorial spirit. The body is the ponderable, material, terrestrial thing, endowed with a shadow.... After a series of suitable treatments copper becomes without shadow and better than gold.... The elements grow and are transmuted, because it is their qualities, not their substances which are contrary." (Stephanus of Alexandria, about 620 A.D.)
Alchemy And Chemistry In The 16th And 17th Centuries
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Author : P. Rattansi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-07
Alchemy And Chemistry In The 16th And 17th Centuries written by P. Rattansi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-07 with History categories.
The present volume owes its ongm to a Colloquium on "Alchemy and Chemistry in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries", held at the Warburg Institute on 26th and 27th July 1989. The Colloquium focused on a number of selected themes during a closely defined chronological interval: on the relation of alchemy and chemistry to medicine, philosophy, religion, and to the corpuscular philosophy, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The relations between Medicina and alchemy in the Lullian treatises were examined in the opening paper by Michela Pereira, based on researches on unpublished manuscript sources in the period between the 14th and 17th centuries. It is several decades since the researches of R.F. Multhauf gave a prominent role to Johannes de Rupescissa in linking medicine and alchemy through the concept of a quinta essentia. Michela Pereira explores the significance of the Lullian tradition in this development and draws attention to the fact that the early Paracelsians had themselves recognized a family resemblance between the works of Paracelsus and Roger Bacon's scientia experimentalis and, indeed, a continuity with the Lullian tradition.
From Alchemy To Chemistry
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Author : John Read
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 1995-01-01
From Alchemy To Chemistry written by John Read and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-01 with Science categories.
Broad, humanistic treatment focuses on great figures of chemistry and ideas that revolutionized the science. Much on alchemy, also development of modern chemistry, atomic theory, elements, organic chemistry, more. 50 illustrations.
Through Alchemy To Chemistry
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Author : John Read
language : en
Publisher: London : G. Bell
Release Date : 1957
Through Alchemy To Chemistry written by John Read and has been published by London : G. Bell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1957 with Alchemy categories.
Alchemy And Alchemists
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Author : C. J. S. Thompson
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2012-07-12
Alchemy And Alchemists written by C. J. S. Thompson and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-12 with Science categories.
Well-researched study traces history of alchemy, chronicling search for philosopher's stone and elixir of life, alchemist's laboratory and apparatus, symbols and secret alphabets, famous practitioners, plus contributions to field of chemistry. 77 black-and-white illustrations, 31 plates.
The Alchemical Essence And The Chemical Element
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Author : Matthew Moncrieff Pattison Muir
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1894
The Alchemical Essence And The Chemical Element written by Matthew Moncrieff Pattison Muir and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1894 with Alchemy categories.
The Story Of Alchemy And The Beginnings Of Chemistry
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Author : Matthew Moncrieff Pattison Muir
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1903
The Story Of Alchemy And The Beginnings Of Chemistry written by Matthew Moncrieff Pattison Muir and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1903 with Alchemy categories.
Distilling Knowledge
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Author : Bruce T. Moran
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2006-09-01
Distilling Knowledge written by Bruce T. Moran and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-09-01 with Science categories.
Alchemy can't be science--common sense tells us as much. But perhaps common sense is not the best measure of what science is, or was. In this book, Bruce Moran looks past contemporary assumptions and prejudices to determine what alchemists were actually doing in the context of early modern science. Examining the ways alchemy and chemistry were studied and practiced between 1400 and 1700, he shows how these approaches influenced their respective practitioners' ideas about nature and shaped their inquiries into the workings of the natural world. His work sets up a dialogue between what historians have usually presented as separate spheres; here we see how alchemists and early chemists exchanged ideas and methods and in fact shared a territory between their two disciplines. Distilling Knowledge suggests that scientific revolution may wear a different appearance in different cultural contexts. The metaphor of the Scientific Revolution, Moran argues, can be expanded to make sense of alchemy and other so-called pseudo-sciences--by including a new framework in which "process can count as an object, in which making leads to learning, and in which the messiness of conflict leads to discernment." Seen on its own terms, alchemy can stand within the bounds of demonstrative science.
The Story Of Alchemy And Early Chemistry The Story Of Early Chemistry
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Author : John Maxson Stillman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1960
The Story Of Alchemy And Early Chemistry The Story Of Early Chemistry written by John Maxson Stillman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1960 with Chemistry categories.