The Circassians
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A Year Among The Circassians
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Author : John Augustus Longworth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1840
A Year Among The Circassians written by John Augustus Longworth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1840 with Circassia categories.
The Circassian Genocide
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Author : Walter Richmond
language : en
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
Release Date : 2013-04-09
The Circassian Genocide written by Walter Richmond and has been published by Rutgers University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-09 with History categories.
Circassia was a small independent nation on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea. For no reason other than ethnic hatred, over the course of hundreds of raids the Russians drove the Circassians from their homeland and deported them to the Ottoman Empire. At least 600,000 people lost their lives to massacre, starvation, and the elements while hundreds of thousands more were forced to leave their homeland. By 1864, three-fourths of the population was annihilated, and the Circassians had become one of the first stateless peoples in modern history. Using rare archival materials, Walter Richmond chronicles the history of the war, describes in detail the final genocidal campaign, and follows the Circassians in diaspora through five generations as they struggle to survive and return home. He places the periods of acute genocide, 1821–1822 and 1863–1864, in the larger context of centuries of tension between the two nations and updates the story to the present day as the Circassian community works to gain international recognition of the genocide as the region prepares for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, the site of the Russians’ final victory.
The Circassians
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Author : Amjad Jaimoukha
language : en
Publisher: RoutledgeCurzon
Release Date : 2001
The Circassians written by Amjad Jaimoukha and has been published by RoutledgeCurzon this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Social Science categories.
This work provides an in-depth description by an "insider" of the ancient beliefs, customs and traditions of the Circassians - offering insights into a fascinating world, much of which until now remained unknown.
The Circassian Miracle The Nation Neither Tsars Nor Commissars Nor Russia Could Stop
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Author : Adel Bashqawi
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2019-12-11
The Circassian Miracle The Nation Neither Tsars Nor Commissars Nor Russia Could Stop written by Adel Bashqawi and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-11 with History categories.
This work is dedicated to Circassia, the historical homeland of the Circassians, who inspired and encouraged emerging generations to maintain the torch of freedom and to lead the way, despite all obstacles and attempts of exclusion that have been tested over the years. Since the subjugation of their homeland, the Circassians were subjected to harsh conditions in all walks of life, which wasn’t easy to withstand and get through. This meant a dictatorial, savage, direct military and security jurisdiction, and domination for the duration of both tyrant tsarist imperial and Soviet/Communist eras. From the beginning of the 1990s on, the general situation has been quite different concerning the circumstances that the Circassian affairs have been clutched to. After decades of being forgotten, the people of the Caucasus region and the world at large have started to become enlightened with information that was prevented and blocked from the public. Even the historians, specialists, and academicians were not in the picture of the pain, destiny, and suffering that the Circassian nation was inflicted with for decades, specifically since the occupation and deportation of 1864.
A Year Among The Circassians
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Author : J. A. Longworth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1840
A Year Among The Circassians written by J. A. Longworth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1840 with Circassia categories.
The Unknown Face Of Islam
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Author : Ruth K. Westheimer
language : en
Publisher: Lantern Books
Release Date : 2015-05-01
The Unknown Face Of Islam written by Ruth K. Westheimer and has been published by Lantern Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-01 with Family & Relationships categories.
Kfar Kama, a small village near the biblical Mt. Tabor in the lower Galilee region of Israel, attracts no special attention at first sight. However, a closer look reveals a unique community of people whose origins are in the mountains of Caucasia—proud Israelis who are also proud Muslims. Kfar Kama tells a different story. A different story on Islam—an Islam with a different story. Circassian Muslims in Israel are a beacon of hope at this point in history, when radical Islamists have launched bitter—and sometimes bloody—campaigns against whoever thinks differently. The message of Circassian Muslims is loud and clear: Islam can get along with other religions just fine. It is only a matter of theological interpretations—and goodwill.
Circassian History
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Author : Nadir I. Natho
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2009
Circassian History written by Nadir I. Natho and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with History categories.
Circassian History relates the heroic struggle for survival of one of the most ancient nations in the world, with a unique language and a highly developed distinctive culture. Beginning from 1555, Circassian princes began seeking the friendship and protection of czarist Russia against the aggressions of the Ottoman Turks and Crimean Khans. However, Czarist Russia unleashed its colonial war against Circassia to build the necessary harbors on the Black Sea. Their Nart Epos and archeological finds of the Maikop dolmen and barrow cultures testify that the ancestors of the Circassians lived and prospered on the same territory at least since the advent of the Bronze Age. Their Homeland in North Caucasus stretched from the main ridge of the Caucasus Mountains to the northeastern Black Sea and eastern Azov seacoasts. Its northern boundaries run from Lake Manych and along the Terek River the northern boundary of Kabarda. Beginning from 1555, Circassian princes began seeking the friendship and protection of czarist Russia against the aggressions of the Ottoman Turks and Crimean Khans. However, Czarist Russia unleashed its colonial aggression and conquered Circassia to build the necessary harbors on the Black Sea. Russia planned to seize Bosphorus and Dardanelles with the passage to the Mediterranean Sea, weaken the position of the Ottoman Empire, deal a powerful blow on the trade interests of Great Britain, and gain the upper hand over the European powers in the contest for world supremacy. In this unequal war, Russia occupied Kabarda in 1779. By 1822, it stripped off the Kabardinian princes of the right to rule in their own land and subjected them and their country to the dictatorship of the commanding generals of the Russian armed forces. Thus, early and masterfully, Russia had cut off Kabarda from its western kindred and then directed its military might against Western Circassia. During this period, Russia launched a powerful worldwide propaganda campaign, portraying the Circassians to the Western world as the "marauding savages" who should be obliterated from the face of the earth in order to ensure peace in the region. At the same time, Russia kept increasing its armed forces in this region. For example, during General Yermolov's time, Russia increased its army in this region from 50 75,000, excluding the Cossacks. Russia added 47 new battalions since 1831 and another 40,000 soldiers in 1840. In short, a 210,000 Russian armies and 80,000 Cossack Cavalries were conducting military operations in Circassia during 1853 1856. Later, Russia reinforced it with 24,000 Russian infantry corps and 2 dragoon regiments and artillery. Russia suffered colossal losses in the Russo-Circassian War. Since the time of Catherine II to 1864, 1.5 million Russian soldiers fell in this country, excluding the Cossack losses as they were not considered a part of the regular Russian army. From the beginning until the end of the war, the Russian army had burnt and pillaged twenty, thirty, fifty, and one hundred Circassian villages at a time, destroying the harvest and driving out the cattle; the Russian army killed or uprooted the native inhabitants and settled Cossack and Russian stanitsas in the territory, according to the planned genocide. As Russian generals stated openly, Russia needed the Circassian lands, not the Circassians. Finally, Russia crushed the Circassian nation in 1864, forced them from their historical Motherland, drove them to the Black Sea shore under Russian bayonets, and threw them into the confines of the Ottoman Empire thus completing its planned genocide. At the present time, as a result of the genocide, 90 percent of the Circassian population lives scattered all over the world. They survived the planned Russian genocide, the cold, deprivations, epidemics, and other companions of their forcible exile. They became exemplary citizens of many countries, established their own new republics Adigey, Kabardino-Balkaria
Circassia
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Author : Adel Bashqawi
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2017-09-15
Circassia written by Adel Bashqawi and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-15 with History categories.
Many Circassian people have been living in diaspora for more than 150 years. They were forcefully driven out of their homeland by a combination of military and political methods. In this book, author Adel Bashqawi explains the origins, details and outcomes of the Russian-Circassian war and how it was directly responsible for the current situation of Circassians. He discusses the crimes and human rights violations committed against Circassians. The author sheds light on the evolution of the political situation of Circassians in the homeland and in diaspora until the current day, including the various Circassian political bodies. The author also deals with the issue of the Circassian identity and possible legal methods that Circassians can utilize to regain their rights. This book will teach Circassians, young and old, about their history and the history of their homeland. It is a must read for anyone who is interested in the Circassian issue and for anyone who cares about human rights.
Circassian People
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Author : Source Wikipedia
language : en
Publisher: University-Press.org
Release Date : 2013-09
Circassian People written by Source Wikipedia and has been published by University-Press.org this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09 with categories.
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 54. Chapters: Mamluk, Circassian nationalism, Adyghe people, Ethnic Cleansing of Circassians, Balkar and Karachay nationalism, Circassian beauties, List of Adyghes, Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri, Hidden Nations, Enduring Crimes conference, Tuman bay II, Melek Tourhan, Qaitbay, Circassian diaspora, Abdelaziz of Morocco, Toujan al-Faisal, Rushdy Abaza, Mihail Chemiakin, Abaza family, Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky, Barquq, Yuri Temirkanov, Circassians in Romania, Ludmilla Tcherina, Mission of the Vixen, Said al-Mufti, Fekry Abaza, Circassians Majlis, Circassian Day of Mourning, Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Kuba Shaaban, Slava Cerchez, Circassian Coast, Ivan Cherkassky, Circassian cheese, Ghoshieve Zamudin, Hania Mufti, Barsbay, Sosruko, Hakuchi Adyghe dialect, Aidamir Mugu, Aslan Tlebzu, Kosovo Adyghes, Ficcin. Excerpt: Circassian nationalism is the desire among Circassians to establish (or rather, revive) an independent Circassian state with the contours of the former Circassia before it was conquered by Russia. It is often classified as national revival because many themes involve the repatriation of diaspora Circassians and the revitalization of the Adyghe language. Tevfik Esenc, last representative of Ubykh nation destroyed by Russia.The Circassians were known to inhabit their homeland since antiquity. They formed many states throughout time that were known to the outside world, occasionally falling under brief control of the Romans, and later Scythian and Sarmatian groups, followed by Turkic groups including importantly the Khazars and being a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. Nonetheless, the Circassians generally maintained a high level of autonomy. Due to their Black Sea coast location, owning the important ports of Anapa, Sochi and Tuapse, they were heavily involved in trade, and many early European slaves were Circassians...
Nart Sagas
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2016-06-07
Nart Sagas written by and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-07 with Literary Collections categories.
The sagas of the ancient Narts are to the Caucasus what Greek mythology is to Western civilization. This book presents, for the first time in the West, a wide selection of these fascinating myths preserved among four related peoples whose ancient cultures today survive by a thread. In ninety-two straightforward tales populated by extraordinary characters and exploits, by giants who humble haughty Narts, by horses and sorceresses, Nart Sagas from the Caucasus brings these cultures to life in a powerful epos. In these colorful tales, women, not least the beautiful temptress Satanaya, the mother of all Narts, are not only fertility figures but also pillars of authority and wisdom. In one variation on a recurring theme, a shepherd, overcome with passion on observing Satanaya bathing alone, shoots a "bolt of lust" that strikes a rock--a rock that gives birth to the Achilles-like Sawseruquo, or Sosruquo. With steely skin but tender knees, Sawseruquo is a man the Narts come to love and hate. Despite a tragic history, the Circassians, Abazas, Abkhaz, and Ubykhs have retained the Nart sagas as a living tradition. The memory of their elaborate warrior culture, so richly expressed by these tales, helped them resist Tsarist imperialism in the nineteenth century, Stalinist suppression in the twentieth, and has bolstered their ongoing cultural journey into the post-Soviet future. Because these peoples were at the crossroads of Eurasia for millennia, their myths exhibit striking parallels with the lore of ancient India, classical Greece, and pagan Scandinavia. The Nart sagas may also have formed a crucial component of the Arthurian cycle. Notes after each tale reveal these parallels; an appendix offers extensive linguistic commentary. With this book, no longer will the analysis of ancient Eurasian myth be possible without a close look at the Nart sagas. And no longer will the lover of myth be satisfied without the pleasure of having read them. Excerpts from the Nart sagas "The Narts were a tribe of heroes. They were huge, tall people, and their horses were also exuberant Alyps or Durduls. They were wealthy, and they also had a state. That is how the Narts lived their lives. . . ." "The Narts were courageous, energetic, bold, and good-hearted. Thus they lived until God sent down a small swallow. . . ." "The Narts were very cruel to one another. They were envious of one another. They disputed among themselves over who was the most courageous. But most of all they hated Sosruquo. . . . A rock gave birth to him. He is the son of a rock, illegally born a mere shepherd's son. . . ." In a new introduction, folklorist Adrienne Mayor reflects on these tales both in terms of the fascinating warrior culture they depict and the influence they had on Greco-Roman mythology.