The Collapse Of The Soviet Union 1985 1991
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The Collapse Of The Soviet Union 1985 1991
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Author : David R. Marples
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-09-17
The Collapse Of The Soviet Union 1985 1991 written by David R. Marples and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-17 with History categories.
Why did the Soviet Union collapse in 1991? The collapse of the Soviet Union has widely been seen as the result of the arms race and Cold War, and the failure of the Soviet side to keep pace with new technology. This book argues that the disintegration was mainly a result of two interrelated factors: the rise of the Soviet national republics, and the manipulation of the new Russian presidency by Boris Yeltsin in what became a direct power struggle between Yeltsin and the Soviet leader, Gorbachev. Written in a clear and accessible manner, the book provides: an explanation of how the national question came to dominate Soviet politics by 1990-1 analysis of the economic crisis that occurred in the late 1980s a chapter devoted to the year 1991, from the referendum to reform the Soviet Union to the unforeseen dissolution of the country by December a discussion of the personalities of and political confrontation between the two key statesman: Gorbachev and Yeltsin Also containing a Chronology, Glossary and Who's Who of key figures, The Collapse of the Soviet Union is essential reading for students of twentieth century European history.
Collapse Of The Soviet Union
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Collapse Of The Soviet Union written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Democratization And Revolution In The Ussr 1985 91
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Author : Jerry F. Hough
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 1997-05-01
Democratization And Revolution In The Ussr 1985 91 written by Jerry F. Hough and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-05-01 with Political Science categories.
Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985-91 presents a strikingly new view of the Gorbachev era and the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union. Written by one of America's most distinguished specialists on the former Soviet Union, this is the first comprehensive overview of the Gorbachev period and describes it as a real revolution, not mere "reform." According to Hough, despite Mikhail Gorbachev's talk of a regulated market, he never understood that a market must be created on a solid institutional and legal base. He was determined to use democratization to free himself from party control, but he saw democracy as a way of achieving near- universal consensus, not a mechanism for forcing through difficult choices. The many memoirs that have become available in the last few years, including those of Gorbachev himself, show that Premier Nikolai Ryzhkov and the "bureaucrats" in his government actually were the serious economic reformers in the leadership. Gorbachev opposed the key transitional steps at every stage and was far closer to the assumptions of shock therapy than he or his opponents ever recognized. Hough explains that Gorbachev was not alone in thinking that the destruction of old institutions was enough to unleash a market. Westerners also talked of leaping a chasm in a single jump as if democratic and market institutions existed pre-created on the other side. But, precisely because Gorbachev (and later Boris Yeltsin) was encouraged in all his worst mistakes by Western advice, his failure has crucial implications for Western thinking about the process of democratization and marketization. This unprecedented book explores those implications in depth. Selected by Choice as an Outstanding Book for 1998
The Collapse Of The Soviet Union
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
The Collapse Of The Soviet Union written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
The Fall Of Soviet Communism 1986 1991
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Author : Jeremy Smith
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2017-03-16
The Fall Of Soviet Communism 1986 1991 written by Jeremy Smith and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-16 with History categories.
The fall of communism and the break-up of the Soviet Union into 15 independent states in December 1991 was one of the most significant events of the 20th century. In the last years of Soviet rule, images of mass protests on the streets of Moscow, Tbilisi and Vilnius, bloodshed in Baku, striking miners, Mikhail Gorbachev wooing the West, and Boris Yeltsin defiantly mounting a tank in front of the White House building in Moscow, shattered all of the old certainties about the seemingly unbreakable communist system. Gorbachev and Yeltsin were the dominant figures in this process, but non-Russian national movements, workers, intellectuals, and international developments all had roles to play. Jeremy Smith presents the dramatic events of 1985-91 in a clear and succinct form, setting out a variety of interpretations for the demise of communism in the Soviet Union, and suggesting new approaches to answering the unresolved question of why it happened. Smith discusses the long-term and short-term factors behind the extraordinary collapse, assessing the impact of economic crisis, nationalism, personalities and democratization in the process.
The Collapse Of The Soviet Union
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Author : Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-06-25
The Collapse Of The Soviet Union written by Charles River Editors and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-25 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading The Cold War moved into one of its most dangerous phases after Brezhnev's death as both sides deployed nuclear weapons within alarming proximity in Europe. A NATO exercise, "Operation Able Archer," almost led to a Soviet miscalculation, and when the Soviets shot down a South Korean airliner in September 1983, claiming it had strayed into Soviet airspace, the Cold War became very tense indeed. After going through three elderly leaders in three years, Mikhail Gorbachev was chosen as the new General Secretary at the relatively youg age of 54 in March 1985. Gorbachev hoped to build the Soviet economy to relieve the persistent shortages of consumer goods it faced, which were caused by enormous military spending of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev tried to introduce some economic reforms, but they were blocked by communist hardliners. Gorbachev then came to the belief that the Soviet economy could not improved without political reform as well. Limited political reforms, such as broadcasting uncensored debates in which politicians openly questioned government policy, backfired when they energized eastern European opposition movements which began to overthrow their communist governments in 1989. Gorbachev was unwilling to reoccupy these eastern European nations and use the Soviet army to put down these revolts. Inspired by the revolts in Eastern Europe, the small Soviet Baltic republics, which had long chafed under Russian rule, also began to clamor for independence from the Soviet Union. In 1990, Gorbachev allowed non-Communist party politicians to run for office throughout the Soviet Union, and the Communist Party lost to independence candidates in six Soviet republics, including the three Baltic republics. The Baltic republics then declared independence from the Soviet Union. In comparison with other Soviet leaders, Gorbachev was leader of the USSR for a relatively short period, but the changes that took place under his leadership were monumental, including some that were intended and others that were unforeseen. Gorbachev oversaw the end of the Cold War and the peaceful transition away from communism in Central and Eastern Europe, and he ended the war in Afghanistan and many other proxy conflicts in the developing world. Gorbachev improved relations with the West and developed enough trust with President Ronald Reagan and President George H.W. Bush to decommission thousands of nuclear weapons. He also liberalized the political environment within the Soviet Union itself, increased accountability, and brought in a certain degree of democracy. Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for these efforts in 1990, but his regime also left a legacy of turbulence and destruction in its wake. As a result of his policies, many Soviet people rose up against the status quo, demanding national self-determination and reviving old grievances. Gorbachev could not prevent the USSR from disbanding at the end of 1991, leaving much of the country's economy in ruins and nationalist and ethnic conflicts that are still unresolved today. Gorbachev was more popular abroad than he was at home, and in many respects, historians are still debating the costs and benefits of the last Soviet General Secretary's approach. The Collapse of the Soviet Union: The History of the USSR Under Mikhail Gorbachev examines the final years of their empire, and how it all came crashing down in a relatively short period of time. Along with pictures of important people and places, you will learn about the collapse of the Soviet Union like never before.
Final Days
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Author : Andrei S Grachev
language : en
Publisher: Westview Press
Release Date : 1995-10-12
Final Days written by Andrei S Grachev and has been published by Westview Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-10-12 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Grachev, foreign policy advisor to Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985 until 1991, and then press secretary, describes meetings with Western leaders, State Council debates on a new treaty of union, and Gorbachev's private talks with leaders in government, business, religion, and culture, in his account of debates occurring between the August coup and the end of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991. Includes the text of Gorbachev's resignation speech. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Ussr 1917 1991
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Author : A.J. Kingston
language : en
Publisher: A.J. Kingston
Release Date : 2023
Ussr 1917 1991 written by A.J. Kingston and has been published by A.J. Kingston this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with History categories.
Discover the captivating story of the Soviet Union with our book bundle "USSR: 1917-1991: The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union." Immerse yourself in the dramatic events, ideologies, and personalities that shaped one of the most significant political entities of the 20th century. This comprehensive collection takes you on an insightful journey through the key periods and transformative moments in Soviet history. Book 1: "Building the Socialist State: Industrialization and Collectivization in the USSR (1921-1932)" explores the early years of the Soviet Union, a time of immense ambition and radical transformation. Dive into the efforts to industrialize a vast nation and witness the controversial implementation of collectivization, as the Soviet Union strives to build a socialist society. In Book 2: "Cold War Chronicles: The USSR and the United States in the Nuclear Age (1945-1962)," experience the intense rivalry and global tensions that defined the Cold War era. Uncover the intricate dynamics between the Soviet Union and the United States as they engaged in a high-stakes ideological struggle, nuclear arms race, and proxy conflicts. Book 3: "Thawing the Iron Curtain: The Soviet Union's Era of Destalinization and Khrushchev's Reforms (1953-1964)" takes you through a period of significant change within the Soviet Union. Witness the de-Stalinization campaign led by Nikita Khrushchev and the subsequent thawing of political and cultural restrictions, challenging the status quo and setting the stage for a new era. Finally, in Book 4: "Perestroika and the Collapse of the Soviet Empire: Gorbachev's Reforms and the End of the USSR (1985-1991)," witness the remarkable rise of Mikhail Gorbachev and his ambitious reform agenda. Explore the profound changes brought about by perestroika and glasnost, and the subsequent unraveling of the Soviet Union that marked the end of an era. This book bundle provides a comprehensive and engaging exploration of the Soviet Union's history, taking you on a journey through its rise, its role on the global stage, and its eventual collapse. It delves into the grand ambitions, ideological struggles, and human stories that shaped this complex and enigmatic nation. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a student of political science, or simply curious about the fascinating story of the Soviet Union, this book bundle is an invaluable resource. Gain a deeper understanding of the political, social, and cultural forces that shaped the Soviet Union and its impact on the world. Don't miss this opportunity to immerse yourself in the captivating story of the Soviet Union. Order the "USSR: 1917-1991: The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union" book bundle today and embark on an unforgettable journey through one of the most compelling chapters in modern history.
The Collapse Of A Single Party System
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Author : Graeme J. Gill
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1994-10-13
The Collapse Of A Single Party System written by Graeme J. Gill and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-10-13 with History categories.
This 1994 book traces the disintegration of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 to December 1991.
The Last Years Of The Soviet Empire
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Author : Vladimir Shlapentokh
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1993-05-30
The Last Years Of The Soviet Empire written by Vladimir Shlapentokh and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-05-30 with History categories.
Between 1985 and 1991, the Soviet Union was shaken to its core by a series of remarkable social and political developments. Throughout the period, the eminent Sovietologist Vladimir Shlapentokh monitored the revolution and recorded his impressions in a series of essays which were published in major North American newspapers and periodicals. Here Shlapentokh collects these snapshots of current events that detail the progression of perestroika and glasnost. The essays and accompanying narrative form a kind of political diary, reflecting not only the facts of history, but the author's perspective as a Soviet/Western observer. Each chapter focuses on a single year. The snapshots from that year are woven together with narrative describing the year's most important milestones, including events in Moscow, results of new polls, new social trends, and revelations in the Soviet mass media. Surprisingly, Shlapentokh concludes that perestroika was not inevitable, and that the Soviet Union was not, as many scholars assert, doomed to collapse. The author's unusual perspective is preserved throughout the book, since none of the essays, including those that predicted future events, have been altered to more closely approximate events that actually took place. Recommended for scholars of sociology, political science, and Soviet history.