The Color Of Equality

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The Color Of Equality

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Author : Devin J. Vartija
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 2021-08-06

The Color Of Equality written by Devin J. Vartija and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-06 with History categories.

Enlightenment thinkers bequeathed a paradoxical legacy to the modern world: they expanded the purview of equality while simultaneously inventing the modern concept of race. The Color of Equality makes sense of this tension by demonstrating that the same Enlightenment impulse—the naturalization of humanity—underlay both of these trends.

Redefining Equality

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Author : Neal Devins
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1998-01-29

Redefining Equality written by Neal Devins and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-01-29 with Social Science categories.

The idea of equality is central to American civic life and one of the foundations of our national identity. Charges of unequal treatment continue to be voiced nationwide, in both the public discourse and the courts, yet there is no consensus on the meaning of equality. Competing views on this topic have erupted into a cultural conflict that looms large in contemporary American politics. In this collection of insightful essays, distinguished scholars in law, history, and social science present varying perspectives on this fundamental concept. Addressing the specific cases behind the headlines and the abstract arguments within the legal texts, the contributors look closely at everything from school bussing programs and affirmative action to the role of the courts and the politics of equality. Various examples and definitions of equality, culled from America's past and present, are summarized and examined in ways that illustrate how and why equality issues directly affect men and women of all races and backgrounds. Redefining Equality, a balanced array of assessments regarding our nation's historical and contemporary thoughts on equality and civil rights, will prove most informative to students of law, political science, and recent American history.

The Appearance Of Equality

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Author : Christophe M. Burke
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 1999-06-30

The Appearance Of Equality written by Christophe M. Burke and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-06-30 with Law categories.

An examination of the language of law in the area of political representation, this book considers the development and recognition of group claims brought pursuant to the Voting Rights Act and the Equal Protection Clause in Supreme Court opinions. In his analysis, Burke highlights the different, discursive strategies, broadly identified as liberal and communitarian, used by the Supreme Court to justify the outcomes of various cases, and he argues that no particular strategy of justification is inherently politically conservative or liberal and that no conception of political representation is unassailable. Therefore, it is unlikely that the Supreme Court will articulate a stable measure of fair representation. The Supreme Court offers one more forum in the deliberation over what is fair representation; however, it is not likely to provide minority communities with a legal answer to the problem of political underrepresentation. As such, this book tells the uncertain story of the creation of political fairness by the Supreme Court. The language used to characterize what is fair and representative, and the theoretical designs which the rhetoric reflects, allows us to formulate concepts of fair representation as legal standards evolve. By placing the debate over fair representation in not only political and legal but also philosophical terms, we are better able to understand the inevitable tensions that drive the concept of representation into new, ill-defined, and contentious areas.

The Color Blind Constitution

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Author : Andrew Kull
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-07

The Color Blind Constitution written by Andrew Kull and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07 with Law categories.

From 1840 to 1960 the profoundest claim of Americans who fought the institution of segregation was that the government had no business sorting citizens by the color of their skin. During these years the moral and political attractiveness of the antidiscrimination principle made it the ultimate legal objective of the American civil rights movement. Yet, in the contemporary debate over the politics and constitutional law of race, the vital theme of antidiscrimination has been largely suppressed. Thus a strong line of argument laying down one theoretical basis for the constitutional protection of civil rights has been lost. Andrew Kull provides us with the previously unwritten history of the color-blind idea. From the arguments of Wendell Phillips and the Garrisonian abolitionists, through the framing of the Fourteenth Amendment and Justice Harlan's famous dissent in Plessy, civil rights advocates have consistently attempted to locate the antidiscrimination principle in the Constitution. The real alternative, embraced by the Supreme Court in 1896, was a constitutional guarantee of reasonable classification. The government, it said, had the power to classify persons by race so long as it acted reasonably; the judiciary would decide what was reasonable. In our own time, in Brown v. Board of Education and the decisions that followed, the Court nearly avowed the rule of color blindness that civil rights lawyers continued to assert; instead, it veered off for political and tactical reasons, deciding racial cases without stating constitutional principle. The impoverishment of the antidiscrimination theme in the Court's decision prefigured the affirmative action shift in the civil rights agenda. The social upheaval of the 1960s put the color-blind Constitution out of reach for a quartercentury or more; but for the hard choices still to be made in racial policy, the colorblind tradition of civil rights retains both historical and practical significance.

Colorimetry

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Author : Isadore Nimeroff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968

Colorimetry written by Isadore Nimeroff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Colorimetry categories.

Is Racial Equality Unconstitutional

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Author : Mark Golub
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018

Is Racial Equality Unconstitutional written by Mark Golub and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Law categories.

For some, the idea of a color-blind constitution signals a commonsense ideal of equality and a new "post-racial" American era. For others, it supplies a narrow constitutional vision, which serves to disqualify many of the tools needed to combat persistent racial inequality in the United States. Rather than taking a position either for or against color-blindness, Mark Golub takes issue with the blindness/consciousness dichotomy itself. This book demonstrates how color-blind constitutionalism conceals its own race-conscious political commitments in defense of existing racial hierarchy, and renders the pursuit of racial justice as a constitutionally impermissible goal.

Equality Transformed

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Author : Herman Belz
language : en
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Release Date :

Equality Transformed written by Herman Belz and has been published by Transaction Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Social Science categories.

A quarter-century after the enactment of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, its legacy remains controversial. The statutory language intended to ensure equal opportunity to all individuals is now interpreted as authorizing both public and private employers to adopt preferential policies that benefit designated groups based on race and gender. Much the same transformation has occurred in federal contract programs: President Kennedy's executive order that required equal employment opportunity is now understood as mandating minority hiring with numerical goals tantamount to quotas. Herman Belz's "Equality Transformed: A Quarter-Century of Affirmative Action "traces this transformation of equality and how it was brought about by courts, regulatory agencies, and activists. The early champions of civil rights sought to eradicate impediments to advancement for the downtrodden; the ultimate aim was to create a truly colorblind society. Over the years, this goal, while still professed, became even more elusive. Preferences, goals, and timetables - "temporary" means for the attainment of a nondiscriminatory society - seemed to undermine that noble quest. "Equality Transformed "provides a textured history of affirmative action and its effects upon race relations and our democratic, egalitarian ideals. In recent years, under the impetus of the Reagan Justice Department, the Supreme Court has backed away, however hesitantly, from its earlier sympathy towards race-conscious remedies and preferential treatment. Belz's analysis of recent Supreme Court cases and their antecedents allows us to better understand both the tensions in our society and the fury that the Court has triggered with its recent civil rights pronouncements. Belz makes a strong case for hewing to a forward-looking rather than a backward-looking approach to eradicating discrimination. Anyone interested in the history, law, theory, or morality of affirmative action in employment will find "Equality Transformed "invaluable.

Class Struggle And The Color Line

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Author : Paul Heideman
language : en
Publisher: Haymarket Books
Release Date : 2018-04-06

Class Struggle And The Color Line written by Paul Heideman and has been published by Haymarket Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-06 with History categories.

As Black oppression moves again to the forefront of American public life, the history of radical approaches to combating racism has acquired renewed relevance. Collecting, for the first time, source materials from a diverse array of writers and organizers, this reader provides a new perspective on the complex history of revolutionary debates about fighting anti-Black racism. Contextual material from the editor places each contribution in its historical and political setting, making this volume ideal for both scholars and activists. "Paul Heideman’s book reconstructs for us the long flowering of anti-racist thought and organizing on the American Left and the central role played by Black Socialists in advancing a theory and practice of human liberation. Class struggle and anti-racism are two sides of the same coin in this powerful collection. At a time when the emancipation of oppressed and working-class people remain goals of progressives everywhere, Heideman’s book provides us a map to a past that can help us get free."-Bill V. Mullen, Professor of American Studies, Purdue University "Should white workers pursue racial supremacy to make America great again? Ignore race by practicing color-blindness and dwelling on labor and economic issues alone? Or challenge oppression, bigotry, and exploitation in all their forms, wherever and whenever they appear? These strategies may sound like ones from our own time, but they were live options for the left a century ago. We are all in Paul Heideman's debt for compiling Class Struggle and the Color Line, a set of rare original sources that remind us of this: In the absence of sound social theory, disgusting racism can be passed off as populist rebellion. Don't let it happen again." -Christopher Phelps, co-author, Radicals in America: The U.S. Left since the Second World War Paul Heideman is a PhD student in Sociology at New York University and is a frequent contributor to Jacobin and the Historical Materialism Conference.

Colorimetry

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Author : Deane Brewster Judd
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1950

Colorimetry written by Deane Brewster Judd and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1950 with Colorimetry categories.

"The judgment of color permeates our industrial life. The farmer finds his vegetables and fruits often graded and priced according to color. Raw wool, cotton, and silk are graded and priced according to color. Only in this way can the textile manufacturer produce goods of uniform color at a price low enough to sell. Oils and resins used for paint have their colors measured with extreme care, and pigments and dyes likewise. Poor quality edible oils (cottonseed, coconut, olive, peanut) can often be detected by color ; and light-colored cooking oils bring a premium price apart from quality because bakers know they can sell the resulting light-colored cakes and pies without any trouble. Color measurement is especially vital in mass production. The assembly of parts from different sources to make a complicated machine like a refrigerator often requires a color specification for each of several parts. The white plastic door to the freezing unit must be related in color to the interior walls of the refrigerator by color tolerances no less important to the final sale than are the length and width tolerances that insure the fit of the door. There is scarcely a segment of industry untouched by color considerations. Precise judgment of color is made possible by color measurement, or colorimetry. During the past two decades the National Bureau of Standards has played a leading part in establishing practical working standards of color and in setting up and administering color tolerances. These standards and methods have been described in some scores of scientific and technical publications. It is the purpose of this Circular to bring together this information in concise form, and by giving the basis for each technique to show more clearly how they supplement each other than has been possible in the several separate descriptions of them now available. It is hoped that this information will still further facilitate the purchase and sale of commodities and manufactured goods on a fair basis. Conformity to a color requirement can now be determined with the same assurance as size, shape, or strength."--Preface.

Crafting Equality

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Author : Celeste Michelle Condit
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2012-12-10

Crafting Equality written by Celeste Michelle Condit and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-10 with Political Science categories.

Philosophers and historians often treat fundamental concepts like equality as if they existed only as fixed ideas found solely in the canonical texts of civilization. In Crafting Equality, Celeste Michelle Condit and John Louis Lucaites argue that the meaning of at least one key word—equality—has been forged in the day-to-day pragmatics of public discourse. Drawing upon little studied speeches, newspapers, magazines, and other public discourse, Condit and Lucaites survey the shifting meaning of equality from 1760 to the present as a process of interaction and negotiation among different social groups in American politics and culture. They make a powerful case for the critical role of black Americans in actively shaping what equality has come to mean in our political conversation by chronicling the development of an African-American rhetorical community. The story they tell supports a vision of equality that embraces both heterogeneity and homogeneity as necessary for maintaining the balance between liberty and property. A compelling revision of an important aspect of America's history, Crafting Equality will interest anyone wanting to better understand the role public discourse plays in affecting the major social and political issues of our times. It will also interest readers concerned with the relationship between politics and culture in America's increasingly multi-cultural society.