The Content Structure And Operation Of Thought Systems
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The Content Structure And Operation Of Thought Systems
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Author : Robert S. Wyer, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-01-14
The Content Structure And Operation Of Thought Systems written by Robert S. Wyer, Jr. and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Psychology categories.
If anyone deserves the title "father of social cognition," it is William J. McGuire who, along with his wife and colleague Claire V. McGuire, has written the target article for this volume. The culmination of many years of work, the article discusses their highly developed theory of human thought systems, and establishes many new directions for theoretical and empirical inquiry. Equally important, however, are the chapters -- written from many different theoretical and empirical perspectives -- that challenge various assumptions underlying the McGuires' work. In addition to examining implications not explicitly considered in the target article, these contributions explore the new directions that future research and theorizing might take.
Ruminative Thoughts
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Author : Robert S. Wyer, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-01-11
Ruminative Thoughts written by Robert S. Wyer, Jr. and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-11 with Psychology categories.
Until recently, most theory and research in social information processing has focused attention on the cognitive activity that underlies responses to stimulus information presented in the immediate situation being investigated. In contrast, people's thoughts outside the laboratory often concern life events that either have occurred in the past or are likely to occur in the future. Thoughts about such past and future events can be spontaneous and, once elicited, can affect the ability to respond effectively to the demands of the present situation with which one is confronted. This ninth volume in this series focuses on this type of cognitive activity and examines both its determinants and consequences. The lead article, by Leonard Martin and Abraham Tesser, develops a theoretical formulation of ruminative thinking that conceptualizes rumination as a class of conscious thought with a common instrumental theme that recurs in the absence of immediate environmental demands. The authors also give particular attention to the ways in which perceptions of the consequences of past and present events for long-range goal attainment affect both controlled and uncontrolled thinking about these events. They also examine the implications of their theory for the ability to suppress unwanted thoughts, the interplay of emotion and cognition, and the cognitive consequences or rumination for the performance of daily life activities. The entire formulation integrates a number of cognitive phenomena that are not usually considered within a single theoretical framework. The companion chapters, many written by the field's foremost contributors to the literature on emotion and cognition, suggest important refinements and extensions of the conceptualization proposed in the target article. They also make important conceptual contributions in their own right, covering topics that include the role of mental models in cognitive functioning, the dynamics of thought suppression and attentional inhibition, stress and coping, personality correlates of ruminative thought, and attitudes and persuasion. As a result, this volume makes a valuable contribution to research and theory not only in social cognition but also in numerous other areas.
Social Psychology And Politics
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Author : Joseph P. Forgas
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2015-04-17
Social Psychology And Politics written by Joseph P. Forgas and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-17 with Psychology categories.
Social psychology and politics are intricately related, and understanding how humans manage power and govern themselves is one of the key issues in psychology. This volume surveys the latest theoretical and empirical work on the social psychology of politics, featuring cutting-edge research from a stellar group of international researchers. It is organized into four main sections that deal with political attitudes and values; political communication and perceptions; social cognitive processes in political decisions; and the politics of intergroup behavior and social identity. The contributions address such exciting questions as how do political attitudes and values develop and change? What role do emotions and moral values play in political behavior? How do political messages and the media influence political perceptions? What are the psychological requirements of effective democratic decision making, and why do democracies sometimes fail? How can intergroup harmony be developed, and what is the role of social identity in political processes? As such, this volume integrates the role of cognitive, affective, social and cultural influences on political perception and behavior, offering an overview of the psychological mechanisms underlying political processes. It provides essential reading for teachers, students, researchers and practitioners in areas related to power, social influence and political behavior.
Constructing Social Psychology
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Author : William James McGuire
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1999-03-28
Constructing Social Psychology written by William James McGuire and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-03-28 with Education categories.
This collection of papers by William J. McGuire reports research on the phenomenal self, revealing how we selectively perceive ourselves and other complex stimuli in terms of distinctive or atypical features, often noticing what is missing rather than what is there. The content, structure, and processing of thought systems surrounding the self and other complex stimuli are shown to function by balancing logical consistency, realistic coping, and hedonic gratification. Attitude change and social influence processes are described, with particular attention given to the personality correlates of persuasability, how beliefs can be immunized against persuasion, how persuasive communications affect beliefs, and how people can be persuaded by Socratic questioning that does not give them new information but rather directs their attention to information they already have. Also reported are findings on language and thought, psychology and history, and techniques of creative thinking in psychology and other fields.
Handbook Of Social Cognition
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Author : Robert S. Wyer Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-25
Handbook Of Social Cognition written by Robert S. Wyer Jr. and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Psychology categories.
This edition of the Handbook follows the first edition by 10 years. The earlier edition was a promissory note, presaging the directions in which the then-emerging field of social cognition was likely to move. The field was then in its infancy and the areas of research and theory that came to dominate the field during the next decade were only beginning to surface. The concepts and methods used had frequently been borrowed from cognitive psychology and had been applied to phenomena in a very limited number of areas. Nevertheless, social cognition promised to develop rapidly into an important area of psychological inquiry that would ultimately have an impact on not only several areas of psychology but other fields as well. The promises made by the earlier edition have generally been fulfilled. Since its publication, social cognition has become one of the most active areas of research in the entire field of psychology; its influence has extended to health and clinical psychology, and personality, as well as to political science, organizational behavior, and marketing and consumer behavior. The impact of social cognition theory and research within a very short period of time is incontrovertible. The present volumes provide a comprehensive and detailed review of the theoretical and empirical work that has been performed during these years, and of its implications for information processing in a wide variety of domains. The handbook is divided into two volumes. The first provides an overview of basic research and theory in social information processing, covering the automatic and controlled processing of information and its implications for how information is encoded and stored in memory, the mental representation of persons -- including oneself -- and events, the role of procedural knowledge in information processing, inference processes, and response processes. Special attention is given to the cognitive determinants and consequences of affect and emotion. The second book provides detailed discussions of the role of information processing in specific areas such as stereotyping; communication and persuasion; political judgment; close relationships; organizational, clinical and health psychology; and consumer behavior. The contributors are theorists and researchers who have themselves carried out important studies in the areas to which their chapters pertain. In combination, the contents of this two-volume set provide a sophisticated and in-depth treatment of both theory and research in this major area of psychological inquiry and the directions in which it is likely to proceed in the future.
The Handbook Of Attitudes
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Author : Dolores Albarracin
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-04-04
The Handbook Of Attitudes written by Dolores Albarracin and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with Business & Economics categories.
This new handbook presents, synthesizes, and integrates the existing knowledge of methods, theories, and data in attitudes. The editors' goal is to promote an understanding of the broader principles underlying attitudes across several disciplines. Divided into three parts: one on definitions and methods; another on the relations of attitudes with beliefs, behavior, and affect; and a final one that integrates these relations into the broader areas of cognitive processes, communication and persuasion, social influence, and applications, the handbook also features an innovative chapter on implicit versus explicit attitudes. With contributions from the top specialists, this handbook features unique collaborations between researchers, some who have never before worked together. Every writer was encouraged to work from as unbiased a perspective as possible. A "must have" for researchers in the areas of social, political, health, clinical, counseling, and consumer psychology, marketing, and communication, the handbook will also serve as an excellent reference for advanced courses on attitudes in a variety of departments.
A Theory Of System Justification
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Author : John T. Jost
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2020-07-14
A Theory Of System Justification written by John T. Jost and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-14 with Psychology categories.
A leading psychologist explains why nearly all of us—including many of those who are persecuted and powerless—so often defend the social systems that cause misery and injustice. Why do we so often defend the very social systems that are responsible for injustice and exploitation? In A Theory of System Justification, John Jost argues that we are motivated to defend the status quo because doing so serves fundamental psychological needs for certainty, security, and social acceptance. We want to feel good not only about ourselves and the groups to which we belong, but also about the overarching social structure in which we live, even when it hurts others and ourselves. Jost lays out the wide range of evidence for his groundbreaking theory and examines its implications for our communities and our democracy. Drawing on twenty-five years of research, he provides an accessible account of system justification theory and its insights. System justification helps to explain deep contradictions, including the feeling among some women that they don’t deserve the same salaries as men and the tendency of some poor people to vote for policies that increase economic inequality. The theory illuminates the most pressing social and political issues of our time—why has it been so hard to combat anthropogenic climate change?—as well as some of the most intimate—why do some black children prefer white dolls to black ones and why do some people stay in bad relationships? Jost’s theory has far-reaching implications, and he offers numerous insights that political activists and social justice advocates can use to promote change.
American Communication Research
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Author : Everette E. Dennis
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-11-05
American Communication Research written by Everette E. Dennis and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book captures the essence of a never-to-be-repeated glimpse at the history of media research. It offers a unique examination of the origins, meaning, and impact of media and communication research in America, with links to European antecedents. Based on a high-level seminar series at Columbia University's Freedom Forum Media Studies Center, the book features work by leading scholars, researchers, and media executives. Participants in the series have called the program "heroic and unprecedented." The book encompasses essays, commentaries, and reports by such leading figures as William McGuire, Elihu Katz, and Leo Bogart, plus posthumous reports by Wilbur Schramm, Malcolm Beville, and Hilde Himmelweit. It also contains original insights on the collaboration of Frank Stanton, Paul Lazarfeld, and Robert K. Merton.
Attitude Strength
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Author : Richard E. Petty
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-01-14
Attitude Strength written by Richard E. Petty and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Psychology categories.
Social psychologists have long recognized the possibility that attitudes might differ from one another in terms of their strength, but only recently had the profound implications of this view been explored. Yet because investigators in the area were pursuing interesting but independent programs of research exploring different aspects of strength, there was little articulation of assumptions underlying the work, and little effort to establish a common research agenda. The goals of this book are to highlight these assumptions, to review the discoveries this work has produced, and to suggest directions for future work in the area. The chapter authors include individuals who have made significant contributions to the published literature and represent a diversity of perspectives on the topic. In addition to providing an overview of the broad area of attitude strength, particular chapters deal in depth with specific features of attitudes related to strength and integrate the diverse bodies of relevant theory and empirical evidence. The book will be of interest to graduate students initiating work on attitudes as well as to longstanding scholars in the field. Because of the many potential directions for application of work on attitude strength to amelioration of social problems, the book will be valuable to scholars in various applied disciplines such as political science, marketing, sociology, public opinion, and others studying attitudinal phenomena.
Stress
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Author : Bartlett, Dean
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Release Date : 1998-11-01
Stress written by Bartlett, Dean and has been published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-11-01 with Psychology categories.
* What is psychological stress? * How does it influence health? * How can the experiential components of the stress process be examined? Despite both the recent flourishing of the health psychology field and the long history of stress research, there have been relatively few attempts to examine stress within a broader framework focusing on the role of psychosocial processes in physical and psychological well-being. This is what Dean Bartlett's accessible and authoritative book aims to achieve. In the earlier chapters of the book, the nature of both stress and health is outlined and theoretical perspectives that may have a bearing on how stress can cause illness are considered. The author takes as his starting point the assertion that it is the phenomenological experience of stress that determines the impact of stressful events upon the individual, and he makes a distinctive contribution in terms of an integrated account of the cognitive-phenomenological elements of the stress process. Stress offers a comprehensive overview of the stress phenomenon from a biopsychosocial perspective. It will be invaluable to students of health psychology and also to professionals including those in the fields of medicine, occupational psychology and the health professions.