The Critical Period Hypothesis
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Second Language Acquisition And The Critical Period Hypothesis
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Author : David Birdsong
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 1999
Second Language Acquisition And The Critical Period Hypothesis written by David Birdsong and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Education categories.
Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis is the only book on the market to provide a diverse collection of perspectives, from experienced researchers, on the role of the Critical Period Hypothesis in second language acquisition. It is widely believed that age effects in both first and second language acquisition are developmental in nature, with native levels of attainment in both to be though possible only if learning began before the closure of a "window of opportunity" – a critical or sensitive period. These seven chapters explore this idea at length, with each contribution acting as an authoritative look at various domains of inquiry in second language acquisition, including syntax, morphology, phonetics/phonology, Universal Grammar, and neurofunctional factors. By presenting readers with an evenly-balanced take on the topic with viewpoints both for and against the Critical Period Hypothesis, this book is the ideal guide to understanding this critical body of research in SLA, for students and researchers in Applied Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition.
The Critical Period Hypothesis Supported By Genie S Case
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Author : Anne Fuchs
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2007-10
The Critical Period Hypothesis Supported By Genie S Case written by Anne Fuchs and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10 with categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 9 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: In 1967 Eric Heinz Lenneberg established his groundbreaking work "Biological Foundations of Language" in which he tries to push the biological view on language forward. One important point that is discussed is "language in the context of growth and maturation". The Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) is the essence of this considerations. Lenneberg tries to find evidence for his theory in the study of retarded, aphasic or deaf children and in neurological studies. But at this time the most striking proof for the CPH, Genie, was still imprisoned in a small room in her parents home. Three years after Lenneberg published his work on the CPH, 131/2 years-old Genie was recovered by an eligibility worker and her case rapidly aroused the interest of neurologists, psychologists and linguists. Susan Curtiss, a graduate student of the UCLA Linguistic Department got the possibility to work with Genie for the years to come. Her work Genie - A Psycholinguistic Study of a Modern-Day ′Wild Child′ compiles her experiences on working with Genie added by a detailed case history. What Susan Curtiss found out about Genie′s linguistic development seems to be the evidence for the existence of a critical phase for first language acquisition. This paper gives a brief definition of Lenneberg′s Critical Period Hypothesis, summarizes the case history and the data of Genie′s linguistic development and, according to Susan Curtiss, relates Genie′s case directly to the CPH. Over and above that, it tries to explain, why Genie developed a certain amount of language and with this proved the ′strong′ version of Lenneberg′s hypothesis as wrong.
The Critical Period Hypothesis
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Author : Sabine Starzer
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2013-11-25
The Critical Period Hypothesis written by Sabine Starzer and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-25 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Vienna (Anglistik), course: Proseminar Linguistik, language: English, abstract: When it comes to learning a language, there seems to be a certain period in which a child must acquire the basic competences in order to be able to understand and use language. This ́window of opportunity ́ is also called ́critical period ́ and has been the subject of much research over the last decades. Especially for future language teachers, the question about the existence of such a critical period for second language acquisition as well arises. This paper examines the actual research on critical period for second language acquisition and sheds light on the on-going academic discussion. The paper proceeds as follows: section 2 provides a short description of the Critical Period Hypothesis and sheds light on biological and neurological aspects of language learning. In section 3 recent findings of research according to critical periods in second language acquisition are presented and discussed. Section 4 contains a list with personal characteristics and strategies having emerged out of different studies. These characteristics might help second language learners to gain more success in their goal to reach the status of native speakers. This of course can also be useful for language teachers who want to support their learners. Section 5 provides a short conclusion.
Second Language Acquisition And The Critical Period Hypothesis
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Author : David Birdsong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-12-16
Second Language Acquisition And The Critical Period Hypothesis written by David Birdsong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-16 with Second language acquisition categories.
This text provides a diverse collection of perspectives, from experienced researchers, on the role of the critical period hypothesis in second language acquisition.
The Critical Period Hypothesis
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Author : Katharina Dellbrügge
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2010-03
The Critical Period Hypothesis written by Katharina Dellbrügge and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03 with categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,5, University of Cologne (Englisches Seminar), course: The Acquisition of English, language: English, abstract: Encounters with feral children have been attracting intellectual examination and curiosity since the early seventeenth century. Among others, Anthropologists, Psychologists and Linguists hoped to find answers to central questions of mankind: What makes us human beings? What distinguishes us from animals? Nature or nurture, what has greater impact on us? In linguistics these case studies are frequently cited. Especially with respect to the assumption of maturational constraints on language acquisition, scholars tried to draw conclusions from the success or failure feral children exhibited after discovery. Respectively, they were interpreted as evidence or counter-evidence for the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) which postulates that language can only be acquired normally up to a certain age. This term paper is organised as follows. In Section 2 a general de-scription of critical periods is given before turning to Lenneberg's hypothesis. Section 3 focuses on two cases that are often taken as evidence for the CPH, namely Victor and Genie. Both didn't master language acquisition to a satisfactory level. Section 4, on the other hand, deals with three children who are expounded as counter-evidence for the CPH because they caught up quickly on language learning close to age seven. In both sections, after a short description of the individual experiences prior to dis-covery, a detailed account of linguistic achievements and shortcomings is presented. Section 5 will discuss the outcomes and put them into a broader scientific context by adding results of further research. Section 6 offers a preliminary conclusion, namely that cases of feral children should be included as indirect evidence but that this needs to be done carefully.
The Age Factor In Second Language Acquisition
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Author : David Michael Singleton
language : en
Publisher: Multilingual Matters
Release Date : 1995-01-01
The Age Factor In Second Language Acquisition written by David Michael Singleton and has been published by Multilingual Matters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book takes a hard look at some of the assumptions that are customarily made concerning the role of age in second language acquisition. The evidence and arguments the contributors present run counter to the notion that an early start in second language learning is of itself either absolutely sufficient or necessary for the attainment of native-like mastery of a second language. Another theme of the book is a doubt that there is a particular stage of maturity beyond which language learning is no longer fully possible. In short, the book presents a challenge to those who take it as given that second language learning is inevitably different in its essential nature from language acquisition in the childhood years and that second language knowledge acquired beyond the critical period is in all circumstances and in all respects doomed to fossilize at a non-native-like level.
The Cambridge Handbook Of Biolinguistics
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Author : Cedric Boeckx
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2018-03-15
The Cambridge Handbook Of Biolinguistics written by Cedric Boeckx and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Biolinguistics involves the study of language from a broad perspective that embraces natural sciences, helping us better to understand the fundamentals of the faculty of language. This Handbook offers the most comprehensive state-of-the-field survey of the subject available. A team of prominent scholars working in a variety of disciplines is brought together to examine language development, language evolution and neuroscience, as well as providing overviews of the conceptual landscape of the field. The Handbook includes work at the forefront of contemporary research devoted to the evidence for a language instinct, the critical period hypothesis, grammatical maturation, bilingualism, the relation between mind and brain and the role of natural selection in language evolution. It will be welcomed by graduate students and researchers in a wide range of disciplines, including linguistics, evolutionary biology and cognitive science.
Tutorials In Bilingualism
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Author : Annette M.B. de Groot
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-05-12
Tutorials In Bilingualism written by Annette M.B. de Groot and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-12 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The past fifteen years have witnessed an increasing interest in the cognitive study of the bilingual. A major reason why psychologists, psycholinguists, applied linguists, neuropsychologists, and educators have pursued this topic at an accelerating pace presumably is the acknowledgment by increasingly large numbers of language researchers that the incidence of monolingualism in individual language users may be lower than that of bilingualism. This alleged numerical imbalance between monolinguals and bilinguals may be expected to become larger due to increasing international travel through, for instance, tourism and trade, to the growing use of international communication networks, and to the fact that in some parts of the world (i.e., Europe), the borders between countries are effectively disappearing. In addition to the growing awareness that bilinguals are very common and may even outnumber monolinguals, there is the dawning understanding that the bilingual mind is not simply the sum of the cognitive processes associated with each of the two monolingual modes, and that the two languages of bilingual may interact with one another in complicated ways. To gain a genuinely universal account of human cognition will therefore require a detailed understanding of language use by both pure monolinguals as well as bilinguals, unbalanced and balanced, and of the representations and processes involved. These two insights, that bilingualism is a common human condition and that it may influence cognition, were presumably instrumental in putting bilingualism on the agendas of many researchers of cognition and language in recent years. But other reasons may have played a role too: The study of bilingualism also provides a unique opportunity to study the relation between language and thought. A final reason for the growing interest in this area of research is the awareness that bilingualism may confer the benefit of broadening one's scope beyond the limits of one's own country and culture. This book serves as an excellent introduction to the important topics in the psycholinguistic study of bilingualism. The chapters represent a comprehensive and interrelated set of topics that form the core of contemporary research on the psycholinguistics of bilingualism. The issues raised within this perspective not only increase our understanding of the nature of language and thought in bilinguals but also of the basic nature of the mental architecture that supports the ability to use more than one language.
Lenneberg S Critical Period Hypothesis
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Author : Alexandra Berlina
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2005-01-30
Lenneberg S Critical Period Hypothesis written by Alexandra Berlina and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-30 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Dusseldorf "Heinrich Heine", course: PS Language Acquisition, 3 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: In his fundamental work, “Biological Foundations of Language”, the biolinguist Eric Lenneberg presents, among other things, his “Critical period” hypothesis. It consists, roughly, in the idea that a certain age is appropriate for learning a language, so that it is impossible to achieve full competence before or after it. In this essay, I will focus on the second borderline, which is usually drawn by later interpreters at the beginning of puberty – the reasonability of this will be discussed in the next chapter of this essay. Lenneberg subdivides the ongoing process of lateralization into five levels: an infant up to 20 months has identical hemispheres without functional differences; a toddler up to 36 months develops a preference for either the right or the left hand, but the responsibility for language still can easily switch an other hemisphere; a child up to 10 years is still able to reactivate language functions in the right hemisphere; in the early puberty – up to 14 years – the equipotentiality rapidly declines, and after that it is lost completely. Lenneberg talks about a “reactivation”, not “creation” of the language function in the right hemisphere. He thereby implies that at the beginning this function is present in both hemispheres and later (partly) disappears from the right one; it does not develop in the left half of the brain only right from the start (with the option to migrate to the other hemisphere in emergency cases during the childhood). According to later studies, he was right in this point; apparently, he even overrated the monopolistic role of the left hemisphere as he wrote that in about 97% of the entire population language is definitely lateralized to the left (p. 181). He wrote the “Biological Foundations...” in 1967, ten years before the Russian scientists Balanov, Deglin and Chernigowskaya proved experimentally that every hemisphere contains certain speech ability: they caused a temporary aphasia of one hemisphere in healthy persons and detected that people with a blocked hemisphere were able to talk – even if it was the left one. In that case the used vocabulary shrunk, the test persons spoke very little, in short simple sentences, and only about concrete, visible objects, whereas persons with the right hemisphere blocked became very talkative, fantasized, used complicated grammatical constructions and a lot of abstract terms.
The Critical Period Hypothesis In Second Language Acquisition
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Author : Miok Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
The Critical Period Hypothesis In Second Language Acquisition written by Miok Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.