The Crusade Of Nicopolis
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The Crusade Of Nicopolis
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Author : Aziz Suryal Atiya
language : en
Publisher: AMS Press
Release Date : 1934
The Crusade Of Nicopolis written by Aziz Suryal Atiya and has been published by AMS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1934 with History categories.
To-day (1932): City and battlefield. IX. The ransom. X. Title of sultan. - Bibliography: p. 205-227.
Nicopolis 1396
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Author : David Nicolle
language : en
Publisher: Greenwood
Release Date : 2005
Nicopolis 1396 written by David Nicolle and has been published by Greenwood this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Crusades categories.
By the second half of the 14th century, the once mighty Byzantine Empire had been reduced to little more than the city of Constantinople. In 1391, the Ottoman ruler Sultan Bayazid I 'The Lightning' besieged the city. Pope Boniface IX preached a crusade and a French-led army of 10,000 marched east. At Nicopolis they met the Ottoman army in battle. Ignoring the advice of their Hungarian and Transylvanian allies the Crusaders charged the Turks and were in turn smashed by the Ottoman heavy cavalry. The last Crusade ended on the banks of the Danube as the Crusaders desperately sought to escape from the pursuing Turks.
The Battle Of Nicopolis
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Author : Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-10-18
The Battle Of Nicopolis written by Charles River Editors and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-18 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading In terms of geopolitics, perhaps the most seminal event of the Middle Ages was the successful Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453. The city had been an imperial capital as far back as the 4th century, when Constantine the Great shifted the power center of the Roman Empire there, effectively establishing two almost equally powerful halves of antiquity's greatest empire. Constantinople would continue to serve as the capital of the Byzantine Empire even after the Western half of the Roman Empire collapsed in the late 5th century. Naturally, the Ottoman Empire would also use Constantinople as the capital of its empire after their conquest effectively ended the Byzantine Empire, and thanks to its strategic location, it has been a trading center for years and remains one today under the Turkish name of Istanbul. Naturally, the Byzantines and Europeans didn't take the Ottoman incursions laying down, and in the generations before the Ottoman victory at Constantinople, European alliances frequently tried to check Ottoman advances, couching their campaigns in the terms of crusading. One of them came near the end of the 14th century, and it presaged what was to come in the 15th century. The Ottoman campaigns of the 14th century would provide the context for the events that led to the Battle of Nicopolis. One of the last major crusades was launched in 1396 by Pope Boniface IX, and the timing was perfect for the European kingdoms to unite and form a strong threat to the Ottomans. The 100-year war between France and England was in a state of truce, and King Richard II had just married Princess Isabella of France. Thus, both the English and the Franks would be able to send forces to join in a crusade, and so would Hungary, Bulgaria, Venice, Genoa, Croatia, Wallachia, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Knights Hospitaller. It is estimated that both the Crusader forces and the Ottoman armies consisted of somewhere between 15,000-20 000 men each, but the sources all tell different stories. Some tell of armies the size of hundreds of thousands of men, and some say that the enemy force was at least twice the size of their own army. In fact, the actual participation of English soldiers has not been proven, and records of such an army being sent abroad at the time don't exist. Genoa and Venice were probably also more engaged in other areas under their rule, although they surely sent a smaller convoy to support the crusaders. On the Ottoman side, numbers vary just as much, but the coalition of Serbs and Turkmen could probably be numbered to less than 20,000. Nicopolis was a natural sight for such a battle. In 1393, the Tsar of Bulgaria, Ivan Shishman, defended it in a last stand against the invading Ottoman Empire, but the well-known battle named after the town occurred in 1396, when an army of knights from all over Europe faced an Ottoman army. This battle is famous for representing the last time that Christian Europe (or at least most of it) united under a single banner to fight a common foe, and the military venture is often called the Last Crusade. The name may not be entirely accurate, for nations continued to fight the Islamic Ottomans under the crusaders' banner for another 300 years, but this campaign represented the final time in which the nobility, if not the commoners, of Europe acted as one, and as such it marked the waning of the Middle Ages, the period when the Catholic Church held absolute sway over Europe and shaped its society and culture. The Battle of Nicopolis: The History and Legacy of the Decisive Siege that Ended One of the Last Medieval Crusades against the Ottomans chronicles the events and conflicts that led to one of medieval Europe's most notorious battles. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Battle of Nicopolis like never before.
The Crusade Of Varna 1443 45
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Author : Professor Colin Imber
language : en
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Release Date : 2013-07-28
The Crusade Of Varna 1443 45 written by Professor Colin Imber and has been published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-28 with History categories.
The Crusade of Varna of 1443-45 was one of the decisive events of the late Middle Ages. Following the temporary Union of the Greek and Latin Churches in 1439, Pope Eugenius IV created an alliance which aimed to 'liberate' Byzantium and the Balkan Peninsula from the domination of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Sultan, Murad II, held the Crusaders during the winter war of 1443, finally securing victory at Varna in November, 1444. The Crusade petered out in 1445 with the expedition of the Burgundian fleet on the Danube. More than any other single event, it was Murad's victory at Varna that secured Ottoman domination of the Balkan Peninsula, with consequences which are still apparent today. Three important works, hitherto largely unnoticed in western historiography, provide eyewitness accounts of the dramatic events of 1443-45 from the Christian and the Muslim side: an anonymous Ottoman text on The Holy Wars of Sultan Murad; a section of the Anciennes Chroniques d'Angleterre by the Bugundian, Jehan de Wavrin, and a German ballad on the Crusade by Michel Beheim. These are presented here for the first time in English translation, supplemented by a series of shorter contemporary texts relating to the events of the crusade, with an introduction and annotation.
The Crusade In The Later Middle Ages
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Author : Aziz Suryal Atiya
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
The Crusade In The Later Middle Ages written by Aziz Suryal Atiya and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with History categories.
From Nicopolis To Moh Cs
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Author : Tamás Pálosfalvi
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2018-09-24
From Nicopolis To Moh Cs written by Tamás Pálosfalvi and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-24 with History categories.
In From Nicopolis to Mohács, Tamás Pálosfalvi offers an account of Ottoman-Hungarian warfare from its start in the late fourteenth century to the battle of Mohács in 1526.
Muslim Decisive Victories
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Author : S. E. Al-Djazairi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-02-03
Muslim Decisive Victories written by S. E. Al-Djazairi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-03 with categories.
This volume deals with three decisive Ottoman victories. The first came in the wake of the Crusade of Nicopolis in 1396. The Crusader armies, including in their ranks the best knights of Christendom, advanced to remove the Turks from Europe, aiming to march into Asia Minor, and then, eventually, to 'Free the Holy Land.' At Nicopolis, the Ottoman army, led by Bayazid, met and crushed the formidable Christian army. This victory broke the Crusading movement, French in particular, for long to come.In 1444, under renewed Crusading fervour but for the first time without great French involvement, the Christian armies advanced against the Ottomans with the same objectives as those of Nicopolis. Sultan Murad (II) had been duped by his Christian foes to retire to Asia Minor. Against the odds, he managed to overcome the fleet meant to block his return to Europe, and at Varna, on 10 November 1444, he inflicted yet another crushing defeat on the crusading army. This victory secured the survival of the Ottoman realm.Nine years later, in May 1453, Mohammed II captured Constantinople, thus ending the life of the tottering Byzantine Empire, and paradoxically saving the Orthodox Church. This is the third victory described in this volume.
The Crusades And The Military Orders
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Author : Zsolt Hunyadi
language : en
Publisher: Central European University Press
Release Date : 2001-01-01
The Crusades And The Military Orders written by Zsolt Hunyadi and has been published by Central European University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with History categories.
Proceedings of a conference on a theme, the 34 essays by specialists from 15 countries prevent various facets of the struggles waged for the possession of the Holy Land between the 10th and 13th centuries, and of the activities of the military orders elsewhere in Europe.
Denmark And The Crusades
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Author : Janus Møller Jensen
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2007
Denmark And The Crusades written by Janus Møller Jensen and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with History categories.
This ground-breaking study of the role of crusading in late-medieval and early modern Denmark argues that crusading had a tremendous impact on political and religious life in Scandinavia all through the Middle Ages, which continued long after the Reformation ostensibly should have put an end to its viability within Protestant Denmark.
Philip The Bold
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Author : Richard Vaughan
language : en
Publisher: Boydell Press
Release Date : 2002
Philip The Bold written by Richard Vaughan and has been published by Boydell Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
A biography of Philip and a study of the emergence of the Burgundian state under his aegis in the years 1384-1404, paying particular attention to his crucial aquisition of Flanders. There is comprehensive analysis of how Philip'sgovernment worked. Boydell & Brewer does a major service by the simultaneous reissue of Richard Vaughan's studies of the Valois Dukes of Burgundy. Four distinguished scholars add extra value by contributing an introductory chapter for each ducal reign, surveying its historiography since the original publication... The story, which Vaughan tells with verve, has its full share of dramatic turns[: ] this is much more, though, than simply a narrative history; Vaughan's meticulousexplorations of the administrative and financial structures that underpinned ducal authority, and of the court and its culture, are integral to his exposition [...] His achievement remains monumental. There are no comparable, modern, in-depth studies of these four larger-than-life players on the late medieval European stage, in English or in any other language. They are, besides, eminently readable. Maurice Keen, TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT Whenin 1363 the duke of Burgundy died without an heir, the duchy returned to the French crown. John II's decision to give it to his fourth son, Philip, had some logic behind it, given the independence of the inhabitants; but in so doing he created the basis for a power which was to threaten France's own existence in the following century, and which was to become one of the most influential and glittering courts of Europe. Much of this was due to the characterof Philip the Bold; by marrying the daughter of the count of Flanders, he inherited the wealth of the great Flemish towns in 1384, and the union of the two great fiefdoms to the north and east of France under one ruler meant thatthe resources of the duke of Burgundy were as great as those of the kingdom itself. From 1392 onwards, he was at loggerheads with the regent of France, his brother Louis, duke of Orleans, and this schism was to prove fatal to thekingdom, weakening the administration and leading to the French defeat by Henry V in 1415. Richard Vaughan describes the process by which Philip fashioned this new power, in particular his administrative techniques; but he also gives due weight to the splendours of the new court, in the sphere of the arts, and records the history of its one disastrous failure, the crusade of Nicopolis in 1396. He also offers a portrait of Philip himself, energetic, ambitious and shrewd, the driving force behind the new duchy and its rapid rise to an influential place among the courts of Europe.