The Diffusion Of Small Western Technologies In The Middle East
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The Diffusion Of Small Western Technologies In The Middle East
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Author : Uri M. Kupferschmidt
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2023-10-04
The Diffusion Of Small Western Technologies In The Middle East written by Uri M. Kupferschmidt and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-04 with Religion categories.
In recent years we have become interested in the diffusion of “small” Western technologies in the countries of the Middle East during the 19th and 20th centuries, the era of Imperialism and first globalization. We postulated a contrast between “small” and “big” technologies. Under the latter category we may understand railway systems, electricity grids, telegraph networks, and steam navigation, imposed by foreign powers or installed by connected local entrepreneurs. But many “small” Western technologies, such as sewing machines, typewriters, pianos, eyeglasses, and similar consumer goods, which had been developed and manufactured in Europe and America, were wanted, and willingly acquired by the agency of individual users elsewhere. In a few cases, however, the inventions had to be adapted, or were overstepped, and even delayed. Some were adopted as social markers or status symbols only by elites who could afford them. Processes of adoption and diffusion therefore differed according to cultural settings, preferences, and needs. Social and cultural historians, and social scientists, not only of the Middle East, will find in this collection of essays a new approach to the impact of Western technological inventions on the Middle East.
The Diffusion Of Small Western Technologies In The Middle East
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Author : Uri M. Kupferschmidt
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2023-10-04
The Diffusion Of Small Western Technologies In The Middle East written by Uri M. Kupferschmidt and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-04 with Religion categories.
In recent years we have become interested in the diffusion of “small” Western technologies in the countries of the Middle East during the 19th and 20th centuries, the era of Imperialism and first globalization. We postulated a contrast between “small” and “big” technologies. Under the latter category we may understand railway systems, electricity grids, telegraph networks, and steam navigation, imposed by foreign powers or installed by connected local entrepreneurs. But many “small” Western technologies, such as sewing machines, typewriters, pianos, eyeglasses, and similar consumer goods, which had been developed and manufactured in Europe and America, were wanted, and willingly acquired by the agency of individual users elsewhere. In a few cases, however, the inventions had to be adapted, or were overstepped, and even delayed. Some were adopted as social markers or status symbols only by elites who could afford them. Processes of adoption and diffusion therefore differed according to cultural settings, preferences, and needs. Social and cultural historians, and social scientists, not only of the Middle East, will find in this collection of essays a new approach to the impact of Western technological inventions on the Middle East.
A Global Middle East
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Author : Liat Kozma
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2014-12-03
A Global Middle East written by Liat Kozma and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-03 with History categories.
The start of the twentieth century ushered in a period of unprecedented change in the Middle East. These transformations, brought about by the emergence of the modern state system and an increasing interaction with a more globalized economy, irrevocably altered the political and social structures of the Middle East, even as the region itself left its mark on the processes of globalization themselves. As a result of these changes, there was an intensification in the movement of people, commodities and ideas across the globe: commercial activity, urban space, intellectual life, leisure culture, immigration patterns and education - nothing was left untouched. It shows how even as the Middle East was responding to increased economic interactions with the rest of the world by restructuring not only local economies, but also cultural, political and social institutions, the region's engagement with these trends altered the nature of globalization itself. This period has been seen as one in which the modern state system and its oftentimes artificial boundaries emerged in the Middle East. But this book highlights how, despite this, it was also one of tremendous interconnection. Approaching the first period of modern globalization by investigating the movement of people, objects and ideas into, around and out of the Middle East, the authors demonstrate how the Middle East in this period was not simply subject or reactive to the West, but rather an active participant in the transnational flows that transformed both the region and the world. A Global Middle East offers an examination of a variety of intellectual and more material exchanges, such as nascent feminist movements and Islamist ideologies as well as the movement of sex workers across the Mediterranean and Jewish migration into Palestine. A Global Middle East emphasises this by examining the multi-directional nature of movement across borders, as well as this movement's intensity, volume and speed. By focusing on the theme of mobility as the defining feature of 'modern globalization' in the Middle East, it provides an essential examination of the formative years of the region.
A History Of Muslims Christians And Jews In The Middle East
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Author : Heather J. Sharkey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-04-03
A History Of Muslims Christians And Jews In The Middle East written by Heather J. Sharkey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-03 with History categories.
This book traces the history of conflict and contact between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Ottoman Middle East prior to 1914.
Your Computer Is On Fire
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Author : Thomas S. Mullaney
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-03-09
Your Computer Is On Fire written by Thomas S. Mullaney and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-09 with Computers categories.
Technology scholars declare an emergency: attention must be paid to the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems. This book sounds an alarm: we can no longer afford to be lulled into complacency by narratives of techno-utopianism, or even techno-neutrality. We should not be reassured by such soothing generalities as "human error," "virtual reality," or "the cloud." We need to realize that nothing is virtual: everything that "happens online," "virtually," or "autonomously" happens offline first, and often involves human beings whose labor is deliberately kept invisible. Everything is IRL. In Your Computer Is on Fire, technology scholars train a spotlight on the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems.
Technology Trade
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Technology Trade written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Competition, International categories.
Trade And Technology
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Trade And Technology written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Technology and state categories.
Israel S Changing Society
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Author : Calvin Goldscheider
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-13
Israel S Changing Society written by Calvin Goldscheider and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-13 with Political Science categories.
This book provides the most up-to-date assessment of Israel's society today, portraying the country's ethnic diversity, its economy, and demographic changes. Revealing linkages between demographic transformation and socioeconomic change, Goldscheider shows how ethnic group formation emerged in Israel to create the present mix of Jewish and Arab populations. He also reviews the policies of Palestinian and Israeli governments concerning immigration, describing the ways in which socioeconomic development within Israel, urbanization, and industrialization have evolved through the use of outside capital and increasing dependency. The book reveals two unique sets of processes about Israel today. The first concerns important changes in marriage, family and intermarriage, educational attainment and occupational achievement, ethnic politics, religion, and the changing role of women. A second but related concern pertains to the social and economic contexts of community life. Here Goldscheider investigates rapid change among Israel's major urban centers, towns, and agricultural centers, including the Kibbutz as well as Arab communities. In concluding chapters, the author discusses the role of government in shaping population policy, including health, fertility, and contraceptive and abortion issues. He also describes the influence of Jewish communities outside of Israel and the impact of the Middle East conflict with Arab states on Israel's domestic policy as well as the conflict with populations in territories administered by Israel since 1967. Likely to be a standard reference for years to come, the book is essential reading for political scientists, sociologists, anthropologists, and historians concerned with Israel's politics and society.
Science Among The Ottomans
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Author : Miri Shefer-Mossensohn
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2015-10-15
Science Among The Ottomans written by Miri Shefer-Mossensohn and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-15 with History categories.
Scholars have long thought that, following the Muslim Golden Age of the medieval era, the Ottoman Empire grew culturally and technologically isolated, losing interest in innovation and placing the empire on a path toward stagnation and decline. Science among the Ottomans challenges this widely accepted Western image of the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ottomans as backward and impoverished. In the first book on this topic in English in over sixty years, Miri Shefer-Mossensohn contends that Ottoman society and culture created a fertile environment that fostered diverse scientific activity. She demonstrates that the Ottomans excelled in adapting the inventions of others to their own needs and improving them. For example, in 1877, the Ottoman Empire boasted the seventh-longest electric telegraph system in the world; indeed, the Ottomans were among the era’s most advanced nations with regard to modern communication infrastructure. To substantiate her claims about science in the empire, Shefer-Mossensohn studies patterns of learning; state involvement in technological activities; and Turkish- and Arabic-speaking Ottomans who produced, consumed, and altered scientific practices. The results reveal Ottoman participation in science to have been a dynamic force that helped sustain the six-hundred-year empire.
Problems Of Communism
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Problems Of Communism written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Communism categories.