The Dilemma Of Toxic Substance Regulation
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The Dilemma Of Toxic Substance Regulation
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Author : John M. Mendeloff
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
Release Date : 1988
The Dilemma Of Toxic Substance Regulation written by John M. Mendeloff and has been published by MIT Press (MA) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Business & Economics categories.
In this provocative study, John Mendeloff shows that federal programs which set standards for toxic substances have twin dilemmas. The new standards that they establish are usually too strict and costly to justify the benefits they confer. But, at the same time, the slow pace of standard-setting means that many serious hazards are never addressed at all. Mendeloff argues that more extensive, but less strict, rulemaking could make both industry and workers better off and that changes in legislation are required to break the current stalemate. Mendeloff looks at workplace risks regulated, and not regulated, by OSHA. He discusses the thorny issue of how much our society should value the prevention of occupational disease deaths. His innovative investigation of "underregulation" brings together diverse data to show that moderate reductions in current exposure levels would often be beneficial. Regulating Toxic Substancesmakes a major contribution to our understanding of how regulation works by demonstrating that the strictness with which standards are set is a major cause of the slow pace. Administrative rulemaking procedures offer opportunities for those concerned about the reasonableness of standards - judges and other public officials, as well as the affected industries - to try to block or delay them. An important implication is that less strict standards would not necessarily reduce overall protection and might increase it. In a major discussion of regulatory reform, Mendeloff analyzes such alternatives to standard-setting as information and liability strategies and such generic changes in regulatory procedures as regulatory budget and regulatory negotiation. Finding that neither provides a sufficient response to the overregulation-underregulation problem, he proposes a three-step legislative package that could be applied at OSHA and other standard-setting agencies. John Mendeloff is a policy analyst affiliated with the Program in Science, Technology, and Public Affairs at the University of California, San Diego. This book is seventeenth in the series Regulation of Economic Activity, edited by Richard Schmalensee.
The Toxic Substances Dilemma
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
The Toxic Substances Dilemma written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Carcinogens categories.
Regulating Toxic Substances
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Author : Carl F. Cranor
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Regulating Toxic Substances written by Carl F. Cranor and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Chemicals categories.
This treatise on the legal assessment of risks regarding toxic chemicals addresses the standards of evidence in legal proceedings and the regulatory decisions covering these chemicals.
Exploring The Domain Of Accident Law
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Author : Don DeWees
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1996-01-04
Exploring The Domain Of Accident Law written by Don DeWees and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-04 with Law categories.
In the mid 1980s, there was a crisis in the availability, affordability, and adequacy of liability insurance in the United States and Canada. Mass tort claims such as the asbestos, DES, and Agent Orange litigation generated widespread public attention, and the tort system came to assume a heightened prominence in American life. While some scholars debate whether or not any such crisis still exists, there has been an increasing political, judicial and academic questioning of the goals and future of the tort system. Exploring the Domain of Tort Law reviews the evidence on the efficacy of the tort system and its alternatives. By looking at empirical evidence in five major categories of accidents--automobile, medical malpractice, product-related accidents, environmental injuries, and workplace injuries--the authors evaluate the degree to which the tort system conforms to three normative goals: deterrence, corrective justice, and distributive justice. In each case, the authors review the deterrence and compensatory properties of the tort system, and then review parallel bodies of evidence on regulatory, penal, and compensatory alternatives. Most of the academic literature on the tort system has traditionally been doctrinal or, in recent years, highly theoretical. Very little of this literature provides an in-depth consideration of how the system works, and whether or not there are any feasible alternatives. Exploring the Domain of Tort Law contributes valuable new evidence to the tort law reform debate. It will be of interest to academic lawyers and economists, policy analysts, policy professionals in government and research organizations, and all those affected by tort law reform.
Risk Science And Politics
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Author : Kathryn Harrison
language : en
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Release Date : 1994-11-18
Risk Science And Politics written by Kathryn Harrison and has been published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-11-18 with Political Science categories.
Paying particular attention to how politicians and bureaucrats in the two countries deal with the scientific uncertainty that pervades environmental decision making, Harrison and Hoberg analyse case studies of seven controversial substances suspected of causing cancer in humans: the pesticides Alar and alachlor, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation, radon gas, dioxin, saccharin, and asbestos. They weigh the strengths and weaknesses of each country's approach according to five criteria: stringency and timeliness of the regulatory decision, balancing of risks and benefits by decision makers, opportunities for public participation, and the interpretation of science in regulatory decision making. The Canadian approach is exemplified by closed decision making, case-by-case review that relies heavily on expert judgement, and limited public debate about the scientific basis of regulatory decisions. In contrast, regulatory science in the United States is characterized by publication of lengthy rationales for regulatory decisions, reliance on standardized procedures for risk assessment, and controversy surrounding the interpretation of scientific evidence.
The Regulation Of Toxic Substances And Hazardous Wastes
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Author : John S. Applegate
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
The Regulation Of Toxic Substances And Hazardous Wastes written by John S. Applegate and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Law categories.
This casebook provides a political, economic, and scientific context for toxic substance and hazardous waste law, along with key toxics statutes. The text of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act; and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act are included, and different approaches to toxics regulation are suggested.
Risk Regulation At Risk
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Author : Sidney Shapiro
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2002-09-25
Risk Regulation At Risk written by Sidney Shapiro and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-25 with Law categories.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Congress enacted a vast body of legislation to protect the environment and individual health and safety. Collectively, this legislation is known as “risk regulation” because it addresses the risk of harm that technology creates for individuals and the environment. In the last two decades, this legislation has come under increasing attack by critics who employ utilitarian philosophy and cost-benefit analysis. The defenders of this body of risk regulation, by contrast, have lacked a similar unifying theory. In this book, the authors propose that the American tradition of philosophical pragmatism fills this vacuum. They argue that pragmatism offers a better method for conceiving of and implementing risk regulation than the economic paradigm favored by its critics. While pragmatism offers a methodology in support of risk regulation as it was originally conceived, it also offers a perspective from which this legislation can be held up to critical appraisal. The authors employ pragmatism to support risk regulation, but pragmatism also leads them to agree with some of the criticisms against it, and even to level new criticisms of their own. In the end, the authors reject the picture—painted by risk regulation’s critics—of widely excessive and irrational regulation, but the pragmatic perspective also leads them to propose a number of recommendations for useful reforms to risk regulation.
The Politics Of Chemical Risk Scenarios For A Regulatory Future
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Author : R. Bal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
The Politics Of Chemical Risk Scenarios For A Regulatory Future written by R. Bal and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
All industrial countries have developed regulatory systems to assess and manage the risk of chemical substances to the working and natural environment. The pressure to harmonize these often specialized regulatory systems is increasingly strong at the international level. Such harmonization not only entails the assessment of particular chemicals, but also the way assessment procedures and their boundary with risk management is organized. As these initiatives intensify, they increasingly raise important questions of how to integrate national differences in the international regulatory arena. How will national consultation procedures relate to international decision-making on chemical risks? How will differences in national risk assessment procedures be accommodated? How will the international regulatory system be integrated with different national styles of regulation and government? Presenting the experiences and insights of both people from within the worlds of risk assessment and management and from the field of Science Studies, this book forms a state-of-the-art in the discussion on the Politics of Chemical Risk. By offering scenarios, or sketches of a regulatory future, it points to the choices that can be made and the opportunities to be explored. As such, it offers an agenda for environmental and occupational scientists, policy-makers and students of science and technology alike.
Regulation Through Revelation
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Author : James T. Hamilton
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-08-29
Regulation Through Revelation written by James T. Hamilton and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-29 with Political Science categories.
Information provision is increasingly being used as a regulatory tool. The US Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program required facilities that handle threshold amounts of specific chemicals to report yearly their releases and transfers of these toxic substances. The TRI data have become the yardstick by which regulators, investors, environmental organizations, and local community groups measure company environmental performance. This book, which was originally published in 2005, tells the story of the TRI from its origin and implementation to its revision and retrenchment. The mix of case study and quantitative analysis shows how the TRI operates and how the information provided affects decisions in both the public and private sectors. The lessons drawn about the operation of information provision programs should be of interest to multiple audiences.
Chemicals Cancer And Choices
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Author : Peter VanDoren
language : en
Publisher: Cato Institute
Release Date : 1999-06-25
Chemicals Cancer And Choices written by Peter VanDoren and has been published by Cato Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-06-25 with Political Science categories.
Frequent media reports alert us to the dangers environmental chemicals may pose for human health. Each new warning generates an almost predictable debate: Interventionists demand stricter government regulations. Pragmatists counter that the costs of such controls are much greater than the benefits. Skeptics question the scientific validity of the alleged danger, and the cautious wonder if uncertainty can excuse failing to protect the public health. Better science can reduce—but not eliminate -- our uncertainty about the effects of chemicals. This book offers readers a unique way to sort through all the rhetoric that accompanies questions of science and health. In the case of exposures that arise from the consumption of specific products, markets can permit individuals to choose their own levels of exposure. Even when there is common exposure to chemicals in the air, a market for emission rights would allow the cautious to purchase such rights and reduce their exposure. In short, the market affords individualized responses to chemical risk as an alternative to government-imposed rules for everyone.