The Dissolution Of Yugoslavia
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The Dissolution Of Yugoslavia
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Author : Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2018-12-03
The Dissolution Of Yugoslavia written by Charles River Editors and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-03 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Yugoslavia was arguably one of the most unusual geopolitical creations of the 20th century. The Yugoslav state had never existed in any historical sense, and the ties that bound together its constituent peoples were tenuous at best. Although nominally all "Slavs," the country was an amalgamation of languages, alphabets, cultures, religions and traditions, which ensured its short existence was littered with splits, conflicts, and shocking violence. In a sense, it's somewhat surprising that it lasted as long as it did. In the wake of World War I, as the political boundaries of Europe and the Middle East were redrawn, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, initially known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, came into existence with a monarch as its head of state. Confirmed at the 1919 Versailles Conference, the "first" Yugoslavia was a particularly fragile enterprise, and there was almost constant tension between the majority Serbs and the other Yugoslav nationalities, especially the Croats. As a result, the Kingdom was a land of political assassinations, underground terrorist organizations, and ethnic animosities. In 1929, King Alexander I suspended democracy and ruled as a dictator until he himself was assassinated in 1934. During his reign, Tito managed to quash the intense national feelings of the diverse groups making up the Yugoslavian population, and he did so through several methods. He managed to successfully play the two superpower rivals, the United States and Soviet Union, off against each other during the Cold War, and in doing so, he maintained a considerable amount of independence from both, even as he additionally received foreign aid to keep his regime afloat. All the while he remained defiant, once penning a legendary letter to Joseph Stalin warning the Soviet dictator, "To Joseph Stalin: Stop sending people to kill me! We've already captured five of them, one of them with a bomb and another with a rifle... If you don't stop sending killers, I'll send a very fast working one to Moscow and I certainly won't have to send another." Internal issues plagued the country in its final years and Tito had tinkered with Yugoslavia's constitution on several occasions. His final attempt, in 1974, saw the partial separation of Kosovo - crucial in the Serb national story - from the rest of Serbia. A number of reasons led to the rising Serb nationalist sentiment after Tito's death, but Kosovo was a central aspect. Yugoslavia required far-sighted, magnanimous leaders to avoid internecine disputes, but none were available, or at least in positions of power in the 1980s. In Croatia, Franjo Tudjman - a long time Croat nationalist - emerged as the republic's leader, and Slobodan Milosevic rose to prominence in the middle of the decade and, despite apparently being a career communist, positioned himself as "defender of the Serbs." He began ousting his rivals and installing sympathetic underlings into leadership positions in Kosovo, Vojvodina, and Montenegro, essentially giving him a majority bloc at the federal level. Depending on the source, many authors have focused on different catalysts for Yugoslavia's demise, but Vesna Drapac may have succinctly summed the situation up when he wrote that by the end, the state "lacked a reason to exist." There is certainly something in this sentiment, but the disintegration came at an enormous cost. The Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The History of the Yugoslav Wars and the Political Problems that Led to Yugoslavia's Demise examines how the multicultural nation broke apart in the 1980s and 1990s. Along with pictures of important people and places, you will learn about the Yugoslave Wars like never before.
Yugoslavia Through Documents
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Author : Snežana Trifunovska
language : en
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Yugoslavia Through Documents written by Snežana Trifunovska and has been published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Political Science categories.
This book contains more than 360 documents relevant to the international legal position of the Yugoslav territories in the 19th century, the creation of Yugoslavia as a common state of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, 1918, its constitutional development, and the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia and the creation of the new states of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It includes documents from the beginning of the 19th century showing the international legal position of the Yugoslav territories under the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, the independence of Serbia and Montenegro, recognized by the Treaty of Berlin, 1878, and the major events in the history of the creation of Yugoslavia as a joint state of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, in 1918, concerning both its international position and its constitutional organization. The process of the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (covering the period from 1990 to September 1, 1993) is presented through reproduced documents of international organizations (United Nations, European Community, Western European Union, Organization of Islamic Conference, etc.), of the different conferences and forums (CSCE, Group of Seven, etc.) and documents issued by Yugoslav organs and the organs of new states of the former Yugoslavia. The book also includes documents of a constitutional nature concerning the creation of the new states of Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It provides researchers in the field of international law, political science of history with documentary information involving international legal and constitutional aspects relating to Yugoslavia.
The Dissolution Of Yugoslavia And The Case Of Kosova
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Author : Enver Hasani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
The Dissolution Of Yugoslavia And The Case Of Kosova written by Enver Hasani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Albanians categories.
The Dissolution Of Yugoslavia And The Badinter Arbitration Commission
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Author : Steve Terrett
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-22
The Dissolution Of Yugoslavia And The Badinter Arbitration Commission written by Steve Terrett and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-22 with Law categories.
This title was first published in 2000: Yugoslavia’s dissolved at a time when rhetoric of the New World Order was firmly established in legal and political discourse. Nevertheless, the largely positive appraisal of international law’s response to the Iraq - Kuwait conflict has not been mirrored in relation to Yugoslavia. This book evaluates the peace-making efforts of the major institutional actors, whilst focusing specifically on the Badinter Arbitration Commission, an ad hoc EC-created organ required to provide legal advice on the issues surrounding Yugoslavia’s dissolution. Initially composed of constitutional lawyers, aiming to redraft Yugoslavia’s constitution, the Commission soon faced problems of public international law. Its’ jurisprudence challenges international lawyers to reassess their state-centric conceptions of international law in a world where most conflicts, war crimes and human-rights abuses exist within rather than between States. This book is vital reading for anyone interested in international law, international relations, politics and central/eastern European studies.
Debating The End Of Yugoslavia
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Author : Florian Bieber
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-05-13
Debating The End Of Yugoslavia written by Florian Bieber and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-13 with Political Science categories.
Countries rarely disappear off the map. In the 20th century, only a few countries shared this fate with Yugoslavia. The dissolution of Yugoslavia led to the largest war in Europe since 1945, massive human rights violations and over 100,000 victims. Debating the End of Yugoslavia is less an attempt to re-write the dissolution of Yugoslavia, or to provide a different narrative, than to take stock and reflect on the scholarship to date. New sources and data offer fresh avenues of research avoiding the passion of the moment that often characterized research published during the wars and provide contemporary perspectives on the dissolution. The book outlines the state of the debate rather than focusing on controversies alone and maps how different scholarly communities have reflected on the dissolution of the country, what arguments remain open in scholarly discourse and highlights new, innovative paths to study the period.
Balkan Tragedy
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Author : Susan L. Woodward
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 1995-04-01
Balkan Tragedy written by Susan L. Woodward and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-04-01 with History categories.
Yugoslavia was well positioned at the end of the cold war to make a successful transition to a market economy and westernization. Yet two years later, the country had ceased to exist, and devastating local wars were being waged to create new states. Between the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the start of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in March 1992, the country moved toward disintegration at astonishing speed. The collapse of Yugoslavia into nationalist regimes led not only to horrendous cruelty and destruction, but also to a crisis of Western security regimes. Coming at the height of euphoria over the end of the cold war and the promise of a "new world order," the conflict presented Western governments and the international community with an unwelcome and unexpected set of tasks. Their initial assessment that the conflict was of little strategic significance or national interest could not be sustained in light of its consequences. By 1994 the conflict had emerged as the most challenging threat to existing norms and institutions that Western leaders faced. And by the end of 1994, more than three years after the international community explicitly intervened to mediate the conflict, there had been no progress on any of the issues raised by the country's dissolution. In this book, Susan Woodward explains what happened to Yugoslavia and what can be learned from the response of outsiders to its crisis. She argues that focusing on ancient ethnic hatreds and military aggression was a way to avoid the problem and misunderstood nationalism in post-communist states. The real origin of the Yugoslav conflict, Woodward explains, is the disintegration of governmental authority and the breakdown of a political and civil order, a process that occurred over a prolonged period. The Yugoslav conflict is inseparable from international change and interdependence, and it is not confined to the Balkans but is part of a more widespread phenomenon of politic
Italy Hungary And The Dissolution Of Yugoslavia 1920 1937
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Author : Kevin Kenyon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Italy Hungary And The Dissolution Of Yugoslavia 1920 1937 written by Kevin Kenyon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
Origins Of The Breakup Of Yugoslavia Sfry In The 1990s Fierce Disputes Between Serbs And Croats Rise Of Serbian President Milosevic Croatian Franjo Tudman U S Involvement In Bosnian Conflict
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Author : U. S. Military
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-09-06
Origins Of The Breakup Of Yugoslavia Sfry In The 1990s Fierce Disputes Between Serbs And Croats Rise Of Serbian President Milosevic Croatian Franjo Tudman U S Involvement In Bosnian Conflict written by U. S. Military and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-06 with categories.
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) broke apart violently in the early 1990s. This thesis explores evidence about the root causes of Yugoslavia's turbulent disintegration. It evaluates the cogency of the most prominent suggested causes of the SFRY's breakup, and draws conclusions regarding the most convincing explanations. The most frequently discussed potential causes of the breakup include nationalism, international politics, economic competition, contention among the Yugoslav political elites, and "ancient hatreds." From the creation of Yugoslavia in 1918 until the combat began in 1991, there was constant tension between the different ethnicities, and the fiercest disputes were between the Serbs and the Croats. The thesis concludes that none of the proposed causes alone can provide an explanation for the SFRY's dissolution, which involved the interaction of multiple factors. However, the self-interested republic-level Yugoslav political elites, backed by certain foreign countries, constituted the decisive factor in the Yugoslav federation's collapse.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.The breakup of Yugoslavia happened simultaneously with the fall of the Soviet Union. The era of communist society was coming to an end in Europe. Western powers sought to democratize the world. Socialist Yugoslavia could not remain untouched by developments in the Soviet empire. The only way to preserve the country was through a smooth transition to democracy. There was no powerful leader, such as Josip Broz Tito (the ruler of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1980), who could reach out to all parts of Yugoslavia and unite the country in this transformation. Why were the Yugoslav republics unable to find a peaceful solution for transformation from socialism to a democratic government? Over the course of the existence of Yugoslavia nationalism emerged regularly, and the republics were unable to find unity beyond Tito's charismatic leadership. After his death in 1980, unity was unattainable, and discord led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia, followed by an extremely violent civil war with crimes against humanity.The saga of the breakup of Yugoslavia has become an important case study in the evaluation of fragility in the unity of a nation. Thus, an examination of the contributing factors that led to the demise of Yugoslavia may help guide analysis of the strength of cohesion in a union. By investigating what led to the creation of the Yugoslavian state after World War I, the emergence of the communist party leader Josip Broz Tito, the victorious outcome of World War II, and post-World War II international relationships, and how these events have affected the rise and fall of Yugoslavia, this thesis sheds some light on the possible underlying causes of the breakup of Yugoslavia. The history of the Yugoslav republics will also be a factor to consider as a reason for the break up. This thesis analyses the weakness in Yugoslav unity looking through the lenses of nationalism and economics. Furthermore, it assesses the motives of the Yugoslav political elites and foreign powers as factors in the dissolution of Yugoslavia. In examining the ways in which nationalism, economics, the Yugoslav political elites, and the international political environment influenced unity in Yugoslavia, this thesis attempts to contribute to the larger body of work that studies the foundations of national unity in federations.
Origins Of The Breakup Of Yugoslavia In The 1990s
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Author : Naval Postgraduate School
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-06
Origins Of The Breakup Of Yugoslavia In The 1990s written by Naval Postgraduate School and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06 with categories.
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) broke apart violently in the early 1990s. This thesis explores evidence about the root causes of Yugoslavia's turbulent disintegration. It evaluates the cogency of the most prominent suggested causes of the SFRY's breakup, and draws conclusions regarding the most convincing explanations. The most frequently discussed potential causes of the breakup include nationalism, international politics, economic competition, contention among the Yugoslav political elites, and "ancient hatreds." From the creation of Yugoslavia in 1918 until the combat began in 1991, there was constant tension between the different ethnicities, and the fiercest disputes were between the Serbs and the Croats. The thesis concludes that none of the proposed causes alone can provide an explanation for the SFRY's dissolution, which involved the interaction of multiple factors. However, the self-interested republic-level Yugoslav political elites, backed by certain foreign countries, constituted the decisive factor in the Yugoslav federation's collapse.
The Breakup Of Yugoslavia And The War In Bosnia
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Author : Carole Rogel
language : en
Publisher: Greenwood
Release Date : 1998
The Breakup Of Yugoslavia And The War In Bosnia written by Carole Rogel and has been published by Greenwood this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with History categories.
A one-stop reference guide to the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, the war in Bosnia, and the peace settlement.