The Distributional Effects Of Environmental Policy
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The Distributional Effects Of Environmental Policy
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Author : Johnstone Nick
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2006-02-23
The Distributional Effects Of Environmental Policy written by Johnstone Nick and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-23 with categories.
This book builds upon existing literature to simultaneously examine disparities in the distribution of environmental impacts of environmental policy and in the distribution of financial effects among households.
Distributional Effects Of Environmental And Energy Policy
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Author : Don Fullerton
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-05-15
Distributional Effects Of Environmental And Energy Policy written by Don Fullerton and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Many effects of environmental and energy policy are likely to disproportionately burden those with low income. First, it raises the price of fossil-fuel-intensive products that constitute a high fraction of low-income budgets (like gasoline, heating fuel and electricity). Second, the handout of pollution permits to firms provides value to those who own them. Third, low-income individuals may place more value on food and shelter than on improvements in environmental quality, so high-income individuals may get the most benefit of pollution abatement. Fourth, air quality improvements may raise the value of houses owned by landlords, rather than helping renters. These effects might all hurt the poor more than the rich. This book brings together the seminal economics literature that studies whether these fears are valid and whether anything can be done about them.
Behavioral And Distributional Effects Of Environmental Policy
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Author : Carlo Carraro
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2009-02-15
Behavioral And Distributional Effects Of Environmental Policy written by Carlo Carraro and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-15 with Science categories.
Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are fraught with difficulty and have far-reaching implications. A company facing a new tax may lay off workers, for example, exacerbating an unemployment problem. This volume focuses on such external issues and examines in detail the trade-offs involved in designing policies to deal with environmental problems. Reflecting the broad nature of the subject, the contributors include leading economists in the areas of public finance, industrial organization, and trade theory, as well as environmental economists. Integrating both theoretical and empirical methods, they examine environmental policy design as it relates to location decisions, compliance costs, administrative costs, effects on research and development, and international factor movements. Shedding light on an extraordinarily complex and important topic, this collection will be of interest to all those involved in designing effective environmental policy.
The Distributional Effects Of Environmental Policy
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Author : Nick Johnstone
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Distributional Effects Of Environmental Policy written by Nick Johnstone and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Distributional Impacts Of Environmental And Energy Taxes
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Author : Gravers Skygebjerg, Jan
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Release Date : 2020-10-29
Distributional Impacts Of Environmental And Energy Taxes written by Gravers Skygebjerg, Jan and has been published by Nordic Council of Ministers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Available online: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-6214 To support the green transition, the use of green taxation might increase in the coming years. Public support of such policy interventions will among other things depend on the distributional impacts of the regulation. Increased green taxation can result in unwanted distributional impacts in the economy at large because environmental taxation tends to make up a larger share of the disposable income of low-income families. This study investigates current guides and practices in the Nordic countries on how the distributional effects from environmental taxation are analyzed and incorporated into the policy design. This is combined with research findings on the distributional effects of environmental taxation and possible mitigating actions. The study indicates that the Nordic countries could benefit from better integration of mitigating strategies between agencies.
Distributional Effects Of Environmental And Energy Policy
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Author : Don Fullerton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Distributional Effects Of Environmental And Energy Policy written by Don Fullerton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This chapter reviews literature on the distributional effects of environmental and energy policy. In particular, many effects of such policy are likely regressive. First, it raises the price of fossil-fuel-intensive products, expenditures on which are a high fraction of low-income budgets. Second, if abatement technologies are capital-intensive, then any mandate to abate pollution may induce firms to use more capital. If demand for capital is raised relative to labor, then a lower relative wage may also hurt low-income households. Third, pollution permits handed out to firms bestow scarcity rents on well-off individuals who own those firms. Fourth, low-income individuals may place more value on food and shelter than on incremental improvements in environmental quality. If high-income individuals get the most benefit of pollution abatement, then this effect is regressive as well. Fifth, low-income renters miss out on house price capitalization of air quality benefits. Well-off landlords may reap those gains. Sixth, transition effects could well hurt the unemployed who are already at some disadvantage. These six effects might all hurt the poor more than the rich. This paper discusses whether these fears are valid, and whether anything can be done about them.
Is The Environment A Luxury
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Author : Silvia Tiezzi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-07-11
Is The Environment A Luxury written by Silvia Tiezzi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-11 with Business & Economics categories.
The purpose of this collection of essays is to shed some light on the complex relationship between environmental quality and the distribution of income. Are the preferences of the poor towards a cleaner environment really different from those of the rich? Environmental economists have traditionally focused on efficiency issues. In their analyses the quality of the environment is usually related to aggregate or average variables, like per capita income; policy recommendations are usually formulated considering efficiency with no regard for equity and also the predicted effects of policies are evaluated in aggregate terms. The essays collected in this volume go into the problem of the relationship between environmental quality and income distribution. The book’s opening essay shows how different theories of economic growth and environmental quality seem to suggest that the higher the level of income the higher is the value of environmental protection. The essays that follow, a mix of already published papers and of papers solicited for this book, analyse the relationship between environmental quality and income distribution from different perspectives (both micro and macro) and on the basis of more than one methodology. This book highlights that the preferences of the poor towards a cleaner environment may differ from those of the rich, but income is also very likely to represent only one factor affecting them. The essays consider other relevant factors affecting preferences for environmental quality. What clearly emerges is that the distribution of costs and benefits of environmental policies is the key for their successful implementation, and that further research is needed to both address the distributional effects themselves and the strategies to mitigate them.
Fuel Taxes And The Poor
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Author : Thomas Sterner
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-03-29
Fuel Taxes And The Poor written by Thomas Sterner and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-29 with Law categories.
Fuel Taxes and the Poor challenges the conventional wisdom that gasoline taxation, an important and much-debated instrument of climate policy, has a disproportionately detrimental effect on poor people. Increased fuel taxes carry the potential to mitigate carbon emissions, reduce congestion, and improve local urban environment. As such, higher gasoline taxes could prove to be a fundamental part of any climate action plan. However, they have been resisted by powerful lobbies that have persuaded people that increased fuel taxation would be regressive. Reporting on examples of over two dozen countries, this book sets out to empirically investigate this claim. The authors conclude that while there may be some slight regressivity in some high-income countries, as a general rule, fuel taxation is a progressive policy particularly in low income countries. Rich countries can correct for regressivity by cutting back on other taxes that adversely affect poor people, or by spending more money on services for the poor. Meanwhile, in low-income countries, poor people spend a very small share of their money on fuel for transport. Some costs from fuel taxes may be passed on to poor people through more expensive public transportation and food transport. Nevertheless, in general the authors find that gasoline taxes become more progressive as the income of the country in question decreases. This book provides strong arguments for the proponents of environmental taxation. It has immediate policy implications at the intersection of multiple subject areas, including transportation, environmental regulation, development studies, and climate change. Published with Environment for Development initiative.
Distributional Impacts Of Climate Change And Disasters
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Author : Matthias Ruth
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2009-01-01
Distributional Impacts Of Climate Change And Disasters written by Matthias Ruth and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Science categories.
Climate change tends to increase the frequency and intensity of weather-related disasters, which puts many people at risk. Economic, social and environmental impacts further increase vulnerability to disasters and tend to set back development, destroy livelihoods, and increase disparity nationally and worldwide. This book addresses the differential vulnerability of people and places, introducing concepts and methods for analysis and illustrating the impact on local, regional, national, and global scales. The chapters in the first section set the stage by focusing on the relationship between climate change and disasters and by broadly exploring their economic and social aftermaths. Further chapters explore particular impacts of climate change, including the social, political and even military conflicts that may arise over scarce natural resources, as well as the effects on biodiversity and thus the natural environment. Chapters in the last section discuss responses to climate change in terms of information sharing and preparedness, adaptation and mitigation particularly the relevance of improving the role of markets, through investment and insurance, to face these challenges. Researchers and policymakers involved in the study of climate change and disaster prevention will find this comprehensive volume of great interest.
The Economic Approach To Environmental Policy
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Author : A. Myrick Freeman
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 1998
The Economic Approach To Environmental Policy written by A. Myrick Freeman and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Business & Economics categories.
These papers cover such topics as: the effects of environmental and resources policies on income distribution; the incorporation of distribution effects into environmental policy analysis; the role of economic incentives in environmental policy; the economic valuation of environment changes; and the consideration of risk and uncertainty in economic valuation and policy making. The book also includes papers on the ethical basis of environmental economics and the economic approach to environmental policy.