The Dynamics Of Poverty
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The Dynamics Of Poverty
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Author : Ravi Kanbur
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2016
The Dynamics Of Poverty written by Ravi Kanbur and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Abstract: August 1995 - In urban areas of Côte d'Ivoire, human capital is the endowment that best explains welfare changes over time. In rural areas, physical capital - especially the amount of land and farm equipment owned - matters most. Empirical investigations of poverty in developing countries tend to focus on the incidence of poverty at a particular point in time. If the incidence of poverty increases, however, there is no information about how many new poor have joined the existing poor and how many people have escaped poverty. Yet this distinction is of crucial policy importance. The chronically poor may need programs to enhance their human and physical capital endowments. Invalids and the very old may need permanent (targeted) transfers. The temporarily poor, on the other hand, may best be helped with programs that complement their own resources and help them bridge a difficult period. Results from analyses of panel surveys show significant mobility into and out of poverty and reveal a dynamism of the poor that policy should stimulate. Understanding what separates chronic from temporary poverty requires knowing which characteristics differentiate those who escape poverty from those who don't. In earlier work, Grootaert, Kanbur, and Oh found that region of residence and socioeconomic status were important factors. In this paper they investigate the role of other household characteristics, especially such asset endowments as human and physical capital, in the case of Côte d'Ivoire. In urban areas of Côte d'Ivoire, human capital is the most important endowment explaining welfare changes over time. Households with well-educated members suffered less loss of welfare than other households. What seems to have mattered, though, is the skills learned through education, not the diplomas obtained. Diplomas may even have worked against some households in having oriented workers too much toward a formal labor market in a time when employment growth came almost entirely from small enterprises. In rural areas, physical capital - especially the amount of land and farm equipment owned - mattered most. Smallholders were more likely to suffer welfare declines. Households with diversified sources of income managed better, especially if they had an important source of nonfarm income. In both rural and urban areas, larger households suffered greater declines in welfare and households that got larger were unable to increase income enough to maintain their former welfare level. Households whose heads worked in the public sector maintained welfare better than other households, a finding that confirms earlier observations. The results also suggest that government policies toward certain regions or types of household can outweigh the effects of household endownments. Surprisingly, migrant non-Ivorian households tended to be better at preventing welfare losses than Ivorian households, while households headed by women did better than those headed by men (after controlling for differences in or changes in endowment). The implications for policymakers? First, education is associated with higher welfare levels and helps people cope better with economic decline. Second, targeting the social safety net to larger households - possibly through the schools, to reach children - is justified in periods of decline. Third, smallholders might be targeted in rural areas, and ways found to encourage diversification of income there. This paper - a joint product of the Social Policy and Resettlement Division, Environment Department, and the Africa Regional Office, Office of the Chief Economist - is the result of a research project on The Dynamics of Poverty: Why Some People Escape Poverty and Others Don't, A Panel Analysis for Côte d'Ivoire (RPO 678-70).
Poverty Chronic Poverty And Poverty Dynamics
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Author : Aasha Kapur Mehta
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-07-31
Poverty Chronic Poverty And Poverty Dynamics written by Aasha Kapur Mehta and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-31 with Business & Economics categories.
This book discusses critical policy issues that need to be addressed if India wishes to achieve the SDG 1 based elusive goal of ending poverty in the country. In its nine chapters, it takes the readers through trends and estimates of poverty in India, explains changes in the way it has been measured over time and the factors that lead to persistence of poverty, draws attention to the fact that hunger is both a cause and an effect of poverty and has gender and age dimensions too. The book revisits strategies that were successful in addressing poverty emanating from situations of conflict, presents a discussion on migration as a critical coping mechanism among poor, analyses the links between ill health and poverty as well as education and poverty to draw attention to the policy imperatives that need attention. India’s report card on poverty remains dismal even though there is recognition of the importance of reducing or eliminating or ending it at both national and global levels. Despite rapid economic growth and improvement on a range of development indicators, an unacceptably high proportion of India’s population continues to suffer poverty in multiple dimensions. SDG 1 or “ending poverty in all its forms everywhere” cannot be achieved unless policies and poverty alleviation programmes understand and address chronic poverty and its dynamics. This requires that we estimate and understand the extent of poverty, the factors that lead to people getting stuck in it and the ways this can be addressed. It also requires understanding the dynamic nature of poverty or the fact that many of those who are poor are able to move out of poverty as well as the fact that many others who are not poor become impoverished. These are the issues that are comprehensively examined and addressed in this book. In addition to students, teachers and researchers in the areas of development, economic growth, equity and welfare, the book is also of great interest to policy makers, planners and non‐government agencies who are concerned with understanding and addressing poverty-related issues in the developing countries.
The Dynamics Of Poverty In The First Three Waves Of Nids
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Author : Arden Finn (Researcher)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Dynamics Of Poverty In The First Three Waves Of Nids written by Arden Finn (Researcher) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Income categories.
"We use the first three waves of data from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) to analyse poverty dynamics in South Africa between 2008 and 2012. Restricting ourselves to the sub-sample of balanced panel respondents, we find that poverty exit rates increased with time, though a substantial proportion of the population was trapped in severe poverty, defined as having income of less than half of the poverty line. The importance of demographic events in the household as drivers of poverty transitions are highlighted in a univariate and multivariate setting. Finally we look at the joint distributions of multidimensional poverty and income poverty in order to ascertain the extent to which they complement or offset one another." -- Abstract.
The Dynamics Of Poverty And Its Determinants
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Author : Norbert M. Fiess
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004
The Dynamics Of Poverty And Its Determinants written by Norbert M. Fiess and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Poor categories.
In the northeast region of Brazil, the poverty picture of the past two decades reveals large fluctuations in the poverty level and poverty depth. Findings based on the Brazilian annual household survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra Domiciliar, PNAD) datasets from 1981-99 reveal that individual characteristics such as education, experience, and labor market association of the household head are important correlates of poverty. Taking these into account, data reveal that a Nordestino (northeasterner) is 24 percentage points more likely to fall below the indigent poverty line than other Brazilians. Analyses also reveal large differences in poverty levels by education, and these differences have increased over time. Fiess and Verner observe that the probability of being poor is decreasing with increasing educational attainment. The gender of the household head does not matter for poverty, according to the poverty profile. But when the authors control for education and other individual characteristics, female-headed households have a much larger likelihood of being poor than male-headed households. Household size also matters for poverty. Larger households are more likely to experience poverty than smaller households, and the effect is concave. Moreover, households with children under age 5 appear more likely to fall below the poverty line than families with no children below age 5. The presence of old-aged people (above 65 years) in the household is an important factor contributing to poverty reduction. This paper--a joint product of the Office of the Chief Economist and the Social Development Family, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to better understand poverty and its determinants in Brazil.
The Dynamics Of Poverty
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Author : James Williams
language : en
Publisher: Combat Poverty Agency
Release Date : 1994
The Dynamics Of Poverty written by James Williams and has been published by Combat Poverty Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Poverty categories.
The Dynamics Of Poverty And Its Determinants
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Author : Norbert M. Fiess
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The Dynamics Of Poverty And Its Determinants written by Norbert M. Fiess and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Dynamics Of Poverty In Rural Bangladesh
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Author : Pk. Md. Motiur Rahman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-02-03
Dynamics Of Poverty In Rural Bangladesh written by Pk. Md. Motiur Rahman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-03 with Business & Economics categories.
The study of poverty dynamics is important for effective poverty alleviation policies because the changes in income poverty are also accompanied by changes in socioeconomic factors such as literacy, gender parity in school, health care, infant mortality, and asset holdings. In order to examine the dynamics of poverty, information from 1,212 households in 32 rural villages in Bangladesh was collected in December 2004 and December 2009. This book reports the analytical results from quantitative and qualitative surveys from the same households at two points of time, which yielded the panel data for understanding the changes in situations of poverty. Efforts have been made to include the most recent research from diverse disciplines including economics, statistics, anthropology, education, health care, and vulnerability study. Specifically, findings from logistic regression analysis, polychoric principal component analysis, kernel density function, income mobility with the help of the Markov chain model, and child nutrition status from anthropometric measures have been presented. Asset holdings and liabilities of the chronically poor as well as those of three other economic groups (the descending non-poor, the ascending poor, and the non-poor) are analyzed statistically. The degrees of vulnerability to poverty are examined by years of schooling, landholding size, gender of household head, social capital, and occupation. The multiple logistic regression model was used to identify important risk factors for a household’s vulnerability. In 2009, some of the basic characteristics of the chronically poor were: higher percentage and number of female-headed households, higher dependency ratio, lower levels of education, fewer years of schooling, and limited employment. There was a low degree of mobility of households from one poverty status to another in the period 2004-2009, implying that the process of economic development and high economic growth in the macroeconomy during this time failed to improve the poverty situation in rural Bangladesh.
Poverty And Time
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Author : Brian Nolan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Poverty And Time written by Brian Nolan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Basic needs categories.
Poverty And Time
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Author : Brian Nolan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Poverty And Time written by Brian Nolan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Basic needs categories.
Dynamics Of Inequality And Poverty
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Author : John Creedy
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2006-07-01
Dynamics Of Inequality And Poverty written by John Creedy and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Consists of papers related to the theme of the dynamics of inequality and poverty that are subdivided into four separate parts. This volume examines inequality and poverty over time, the intergenerational transfer of poverty, inequality over time, and measurement issues. The chapters discuss inequality and poverty in developed countries.