The Effect Of Early Childhood Development Programs On Women S Labor Force Participation And Older Children S Schooling In Kenya
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The Effect Of Early Childhood Development Programs On Women S Labor Force Participation And Older Children S Schooling In Kenya
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Author : Michael Lokshin
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000
The Effect Of Early Childhood Development Programs On Women S Labor Force Participation And Older Children S Schooling In Kenya written by Michael Lokshin and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Age categories.
Economic incentives have a powerful effect on the work behavior of women with children in Kenya. In addition to increasing the future productivity of children, government subsidies of low-cost early childhood development programs would increase the number of mothers who work, thus increasing the incomes of poor households and lifting some families out of poverty. They would also increase older girls' enrollment in school, by releasing them from child care responsibilities.
The Effect Of Early Childhood Development Programs On Women S Labor Force Participation And Older Children S Schooling In Kenya
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Author : Elena Glinskayai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Effect Of Early Childhood Development Programs On Women S Labor Force Participation And Older Children S Schooling In Kenya written by Elena Glinskayai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Economic incentives have a powerful effect on the work behavior of women with children in Kenya. In addition to increasing the future productivity of children, government subsidies of low-cost early childhood development programs would increase the number of mothers who work, thus increasing the incomes of poor households and lifting some families out of poverty. They would also increase older girls' enrollment in school, by releasing them from child care responsibilities.About 20,000 early childhood development centers provided day care for and prepared for primary school more than 1 million children aged three to seven (roughly 20 percent of children in that age group) in Kenya in 1995. The number of child care facilities reached 23,690 by the end of 1999.Lokshin, Glinskaya, and Garcia analyze the effect of child care costs on households' behavior in Kenya. For households with children aged three to seven, they model household demand for mothers' participation in paid work, the participation in paid work of other household members, household demand for schooling, and household demand for child care. They find that:- A high cost for child care discourages households from using formal child care facilities and has a negative effect on mothers' participation in market work.- The cost of child care and the level of mothers' wages affect older children's school enrollment, but these factors affect boys' and girls' schooling differently. An increase in mothers' wages increases boys' enrollment but depresses girls' enrollment.- Higher child care costs have no significant effect on boys' schooling but significantly decrease the number of girls in school.This paper - a joint product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group; Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, South Asia Region; and Human Development 1, Africa Technical Families - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to study the role of gender in the context of the household, institutions, and society. The authors may be contacted at [email protected], [email protected], or [email protected].
Educating All Children
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Author : Joel E. Cohen
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2006
Educating All Children written by Joel E. Cohen and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Business & Economics categories.
Experts illuminate the challenges of achieving universal basic and secondary education, discussing the importance and difficulties not only of expanding access to education and but also of improving the quality of education.
Gender And Poverty
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Author : Michael Lokshin
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003
Gender And Poverty written by Michael Lokshin and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Life span, Productive categories.
The authors study complex interactions between gender and poverty in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina. The goal of their analysis is to uncover how a spectrum of gender differentials at different parts of the life cycle varies across income groups. Using the data from the 2001 Bosnia and Herzegovina Living Standards Measurement Study, the authors find strong gender-poverty interaction in the patterns of labor force participation, gender gap in earnings, individuals' school finances, and school attendance. The main source of gender inequality seems to come from differences in investments in girls' and boys' educations that increase with declines in income levels. Short-term income shocks could lead to long-term increases in gender inequality in households with school age children, unless there is ready access to credit markets. The authors also find that the magnitude of the impact of economic development on gender differences in Bosnia will depend on where the growth is concentrated. If the poor capture at least some benefits of economic growth, the gender differences in household investment in human capital of their children will decline. If, on the other hand, growth is concentrated among the richest, then important gender disparities could remain pervasive.
School Meals Educational Achievement And School Competition
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Author : Christel Vermeersch
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
School Meals Educational Achievement And School Competition written by Christel Vermeersch and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Academic achievement categories.
Vermeersch and Kremer examine the effects of subsidized school meals on school participation, educational achievement, and school finance in a developing country setting. They use data from a program that was implemented in 25 randomly chosen preschools in a pool of 50. Children's school participation was 30 percent higher in the treatment group than in the comparison group. The meals program led to higher curriculum test scores, but only in schools where the teacher was relatively experienced prior to the program. The school meals displaced teaching time and led to larger class sizes. Despite improved incentives, teacher absenteeism remained at a high level of 30 percent. Treatment schools raised their fees, and comparison schools close to treatment schools decreased their fees. Some of the price effects are caused by a combination of capacity constraints and pupil transfers that would not happen if the school meals were ordered in all schools. The intention-to-treat estimator of the effect of the randomized program incorporates those price effects, and therefore it should be considered a lower bound on the effect of generalized school meals. This insight on price effects generalizes to other randomized program evaluations. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management 2, Africa Technical Families--is part of a larger effort in the region to increase our understanding of the impact of programs aimed at reaching the Millennium Development Goals.
Africa S Future Africa S Challenge
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Author : Marito H. Garcia
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008-01-18
Africa S Future Africa S Challenge written by Marito H. Garcia and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-18 with Business & Economics categories.
Early childhood, from birth through school entry, was largely invisible worldwide as a policy concern for much of the twentieth century. Children, in the eyes of most countries, were 'appendages' of their parents or simply embedded in the larger family structure. The child did not emerge as a separate social entity until school age (typically six or seven). 'Africa's Future, Africa's Challenge: Early Childhood Care and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa' focuses on the 130 million children south of the Sahel in this 0-6 age group. This book, the first of its kind, presents a balanced collection of articles written by African and non-African authors ranging from field practitioners to academicians and from members of government organizations to those of nongovernmental and local organizations. 'Africa's Future, Africa's Challenge' compiles the latest data and viewpoints on the state of Sub-Saharan Africa's children. Topics covered include the rationale for investing in young children, policy trends in early childhood development (ECD), historical perspectives of ECD in Sub-Saharan Africa including indigenous approaches, new threats from HIV/AIDS, and the importance of fathers in children's lives. The book also addresses policy development and ECD implementation issues; presents the ECD programming experience in several countries, highlighting best practices and challenges; and evaluates the impact of ECD programs in a number of countries.
2009 Global Hunger Index The Challenge Of Hunger Focus On Financial Crisis And Gender Inequality
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Author : Klaus von Grebmer, Bella Nestorova, Agnes Quisumbing, Rebecca Fertziger, Heidi Fritschel, Rajul Pandya-Lorch, Yisehac Yohannes
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date :
2009 Global Hunger Index The Challenge Of Hunger Focus On Financial Crisis And Gender Inequality written by Klaus von Grebmer, Bella Nestorova, Agnes Quisumbing, Rebecca Fertziger, Heidi Fritschel, Rajul Pandya-Lorch, Yisehac Yohannes and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Social Science categories.
The Education System In Swaziland
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2010-04-28
The Education System In Swaziland written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Policy makers recognize that developing capacity for knowledge and technology driven growth is necessary for Swaziland to integrate into the global economy and to be competitive; in particular because Swaziland is not rich in exploitable natural resources. The Education Training and Skills Development Sector (ETSDS), the educational sector of Swaziland s long-term development and reform program, covers all levels of education, from early childhood to post-secondary education. This paper evaluates the adequacy of the ETSDS in light of the enhanced educational goal for the country. Acknowledging that financing reforms will be a challenge, this paper makes recommendations to enhance the program s effectiveness, such as expanding access, strengthening delivery modes, and minimizing financial barriers to education and training.
Common Characteristics And Unique Qualities In Preschool Programs
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Author : Sue C Wortham
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-29
Common Characteristics And Unique Qualities In Preschool Programs written by Sue C Wortham and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-29 with Education categories.
We live in a world that is transitioning from focus on early childhood education within individual countries into a global perspective that considers how early childhood education is conducted in many diverse cultures and environments. The challenge on a global basis is how to develop programs in countries and environments that are different from a specifically western perspective. Economic, geographic, and cultural influences infuse early childhood programs around the world. In 1999, a group of educators representing 36 countries developed guidelines for establishing minimum standards for preschool programs. A purpose for developing the guidelines was to provide guidance for countries that wished to evaluate and improve their own programs. A second purpose was to help developing countries initiating preschools to have relevant information about quality programs. The later development of an assessment tool based on the Global Guidelines served as a vehicle to use the guidelines to assess a single program or multiple programs. The continuing work with these guidelines in many countries throughout the world since 2000 has resulted in the collection of information that reveals the uniqueness of programs in different countries.
What Works In Girls Education
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Author : Gene B Sperling
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2015-09-29
What Works In Girls Education written by Gene B Sperling and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-29 with Social Science categories.
Hard-headed evidence on why the returns from investing in girls are so high that no nation or family can afford not to educate their girls. Gene Sperling, author of the seminal 2004 report published by the Council on Foreign Relations, and Rebecca Winthrop, director of the Center for Universal Education, have written this definitive book on the importance of girls’ education. As Malala Yousafzai expresses in her foreword, the idea that any child could be denied an education due to poverty, custom, the law, or terrorist threats is just wrong and unimaginable. More than 1,000 studies have provided evidence that high-quality girls’ education around the world leads to wide-ranging returns: Better outcomes in economic areas of growth and incomes Reduced rates of infant and maternal mortality Reduced rates of child marriage Reduced rates of the incidence of HIV/AIDS and malaria Increased agricultural productivity Increased resilience to natural disasters Women’s empowerment What Works in Girls’ Education is a compelling work for both concerned global citizens, and any academic, expert, nongovernmental organization (NGO) staff member, policymaker, or journalist seeking to dive into the evidence and policies on girls’ education.