The Effectiveness Of Buffer Zones To Control Agricultural Runoff

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The Effectiveness Of Buffer Zones To Control Agricultural Runoff

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Author : Daniel Andrzejewski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994

The Effectiveness Of Buffer Zones To Control Agricultural Runoff written by Daniel Andrzejewski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Agricultural pollution categories.

Watershed Management For Potable Water Supply

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-02-17

Watershed Management For Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-02-17 with Nature categories.

In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.

Advances In Urban Stormwater And Agricultural Runoff Source Controls

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Author : J. Marsalek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Advances In Urban Stormwater And Agricultural Runoff Source Controls written by J. Marsalek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Notwithstanding past achievements, flood damage continues to rise throughout the world as the magnitudes of floods increase, partly as a result of poor land management and partly by climate change, growing populations and continuing development in flood-prone areas, and the aging and deterioration of flood defences. One of the major goals of water management is the protection of society from floods. That issue is addressed here in terms of such broad issues as flood analysis, flood impact, non-structural and structural flood management measures. Non-structural measures focus on flood plain management, flood insurance, flood forecasting and warning, and emergency measures during floods. Structural measures focus on catchment management, embankments and flood reservoirs. Post-flood measures are also discussed. Future planning of flood management should be based on a clear understanding of the effectiveness interventions and their impacts on river catchment ecosystems.

The Effectiveness Of Local And Exotic Vegetative Buffers At Reducing Runoff Generationand Sediment Production In The United States Virgin Islands

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Author : Race Stryker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023

The Effectiveness Of Local And Exotic Vegetative Buffers At Reducing Runoff Generationand Sediment Production In The United States Virgin Islands written by Race Stryker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Buffer zones (Ecosystem management) categories.

Terrigenous sediment is a primary non-point source pollutant in the United States Virgin Islands(USVI), and is a persistent problem throughout the Caribbean. Large amounts of suspendedsediment produced by heavy rainfall can degrade seagrass beds and coral reefs, which provideecosystems services supporting fisheries and tourism of the USVI. As the impacts of climate andland use change increase, the events that cause large amounts of runoff could increase in frequencyand severity. On small islands in the Caribbean, it can take a long time for topsoil to accumulate.Even small losses of topsoil due to runoff can reduce the limited arable land which can have adisproportionate effect on agriculture and local food security.Nonpoint source pollutants present a unique challenge for land managers because they need to becontrolled across a large geographic area. One well established method for controlling runoff andsediment transport is the use of vegetated buffer zones. Vegetation can be used to directly coversoil that would otherwise erode, or it can be placed between eroding areas and waterways toreduce and filter runoff. Existing literature indicates that stem density is inversely correlated withrunoff velocity and the erosive energy of flowing water. The USVI currently does not have anywidespread erosion reduction policies or efforts to make use of buffer strips. This studyincorporated diverse ways of knowing into the design of the buffer strips and tested plantsrecommended by the community against erosion control plants conventionally used in islandecosystems to find a reef-safe landscape solution that is an effective buffer and culturally relevantsolution.We utilized runoff flumes in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to test the effectiveness ofnative and exotic buffer vegetation in terms of their ability to slow oncoming sheet flow and reducethe concentration of sediment in the resulting runoff. The experiment tested four different covertypes: bare soil (control), weedy fallow, snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata) which is ecologicallyinvasive but considered native by some, and vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) which is exoticecologically and culturally. The weedy fallow was the most effective buffer strip and was found tosignificantly slow the rate of sheet flow passing through the buffer strip, and reduce theconcentration of sediment in the runoff by an order of magnitude when compared to bare soil (1.3±0.5 g L-1 in bare soil runoff and 0.14 ±0.07 g L-1 in weedy fallow runoff). Vetiver grass and snakeplant did not perform as well as weedy fallow, and in some cases were not significantly differentfrom bare soil. While these cover types may have benefitted from longer establishment times, thereare costs associated with planting vetiver grass and snake plant on a large scale that make themless desirable management solutions when compared to existing practices of letting areas recruitwill fallow vegetation. This study found that the cultural practice of letting certain areas “go tobush” or recruit with fallow vegetation, is an effective and no-cost form of reef-safe landscaping thatcan be implemented widely in the USVI.

Using Natural And Landscaped Buffers To Reduce Pollutant Loading From Agricultural Runoff

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Author : Richard Allen McLaughlin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002

Using Natural And Landscaped Buffers To Reduce Pollutant Loading From Agricultural Runoff written by Richard Allen McLaughlin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Agricultural pollution categories.

Clean Coastal Waters

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-08-17

Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-17 with Science categories.

Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.

Effectiveness Of Soil And Water Conservation Practices For Pollution Control

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Author : Douglas A. Haith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

Effectiveness Of Soil And Water Conservation Practices For Pollution Control written by Douglas A. Haith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Agricultural pollution categories.

Vegetative Filter Strips For Nonpoint Source Pollution Control In Agriculture

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: UCANR Publications
Release Date : 2006

Vegetative Filter Strips For Nonpoint Source Pollution Control In Agriculture written by and has been published by UCANR Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.

Irrigated orchards, vineyards, and row crops have high erosion rates. The vegetative filter strip (VFS) offers one way to control erosion rates and keep soil in the field rather than letting it be carried off site in drainage water.

Assessment Of Effectiveness Of Buffer Zones In Removing Impurities In Runoff From Areas Treated With Poultry Litter

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Author : I. Chaubey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994

Assessment Of Effectiveness Of Buffer Zones In Removing Impurities In Runoff From Areas Treated With Poultry Litter written by I. Chaubey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Groundwater categories.

Water Quality And Agriculture

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Author : James Shortle
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-06-12

Water Quality And Agriculture written by James Shortle and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-12 with Business & Economics categories.

Water pollution control has been a top environmental policy priority of the world’s most developed countries for decades, and the focus of significant regulation and public and private spending. Yet, significant water quality problems remain, and trends for some pollutants are in the wrong direction. This book addresses the economics of water pollution control and water pollution control policy in agriculture, with an aim towards providing students, environmental policy analysts, and other environmental professionals with economic concepts and tools essential to understanding the problem and crafting solutions that can be effective and efficient. The book will also examine existing policies and proposed reforms in the developed world. Although this book addresses and has a general applicability to major water pollutants from agriculture (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals, sediments, nutrients), it will focus on the sediment and nutrient pollution problem. The economic and scientific foundations for pollution management are best developed for these pollutants, and they are currently the top priorities of policy makers. Accordingly, the authors provide both highly salient and informative cases for developing concepts and methods of general applicability, with high profile examples such as the Chesapeake Bay, Lake Erie, and the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone in the US; the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe; and Lake Taupo in New Zealand.