The Effects Of School Socioeconomic Composition On Students Educational And Labor Market Outcomes
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The Effects Of School Socioeconomic Composition On Students Educational And Labor Market Outcomes
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Author : Benjamin A. Robins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
The Effects Of School Socioeconomic Composition On Students Educational And Labor Market Outcomes written by Benjamin A. Robins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Academic achievement categories.
Labor Market Effects Of School Quality
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Author : David Edward Card
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Labor Market Effects Of School Quality written by David Edward Card and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Education categories.
This paper presents an overview and interpretation of the literature relating school quality to students' subsequent labor market success. We begin with a simple theoretical model that describes the determination of schooling and earnings with varying school quality. A key insight of the model is that changes in school quality may affect the characteristics of individuals who choose each level of schooling, imparting a potential selection bias to comparisons of earnings conditional on education. We then summarize the literature that relates school resources to students' earnings and educational attainment. A variety of evidence suggests that students who were educated in schools with more resources tend to earn more and have higher schooling. We also discuss two important issues in the literature: the tradeoffs involved in using school-level versus more aggregated (district or state-level) quality measures; and the evidence on school quality effects for African Americans educated in the segregated school systems of the South.
School Composition And Educational Impacts
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Author : Gabriel Gutierrez Cofre
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
School Composition And Educational Impacts written by Gabriel Gutierrez Cofre and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
School Composition And Educational Impacts
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Author : Gabriel Gutiérrez Cofré
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
School Composition And Educational Impacts written by Gabriel Gutiérrez Cofré and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Academic achievement categories.
For decades the stratification of educational systems and schools' socioeconomic composition have been observed as potential causes of inequalities in achievement across social groups. In Chile, these concerns are intertwined with a context of policies promoting both school choice and between-school competition. This work focuses on assessing the evolution of schools' socioeconomic segregation during recent decades and estimating the short- and long-term effects of classmates' characteristics on student academic outcomes. The first chapter offers a description of the Chilean educational system (as most of the following chapters will use data from this country) and its challenges regarding educational inequality and the separation of social groups across schools. Chapter 2 provides an international comparison of socioeconomic segregation trends in 34 educational systems based on a measure of Dissimilarity (Duncan index). Chapter 3 analyses trends of segregation in Chile since 1999 (using the Square Root Index) and provides new information about how the separation of students from different backgrounds is distributed across school types and related to specific features of the market-oriented system. In Chapter 4, the impact of the socioeconomic characteristics of primary school classmates on secondary level academic outcomes is estimated and analysed. Finally, Chapter 5 continues to investigate the effects of the peer characteristics, but instead focusing on the impact of their academic attributes in the long-run (observing outcomes in entrance to higher education). The findings in this work suggest that school socioeconomic segregation has not varied significantly over time, either in Chile or other educational systems. Moreover, segregation appears to be impervious to recent attempts to affect schools' social composition. In the case of Chile, features of the system (such as co-payments and student selection) are correlated with greater segregation. However, a significant proportion of the segregation is attributable to within-sector segregation, which may be reflecting parental preferences. Estimates' - using a school fixed effects approach' - also confirm that students benefit academically from being exposed to wealthier peers at the primary level. Moreover, a more socioeconomically diverse classroom does not lead to negative results. Although the socioeconomic background of the former classroom members exerts a relatively small effect, the impact appears to endure over time (at least in Mathematics). The impact of academic characteristics is negative, suggesting that being exposed to more talented classmates at the primary level has detrimental effects on students' performance on higher education entrance examinations.
Handbook Of Research In Education Finance And Policy
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Author : Helen F. Ladd
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-08-21
Handbook Of Research In Education Finance And Policy written by Helen F. Ladd and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-21 with Education categories.
Sponsored by the Association for Education Finance and Policy (AEFP), this groundbreaking new handbook assembles in one place the existing research-based knowledge in education finance and policy, thereby helping to define this evolving field of research and practice. It provides a readily available resource for anyone seriously involved in education finance and policy in the United States and around the world. The Handbook traces the evolution of the field from its initial focus on school inputs and the revenue sources used to finance these inputs to a focus on educational outcomes and the larger policies used to achieve them. It shows how the current decision-making context in school finance inevitably interacts with those of governance, accountability, equity, privatization, and other areas of education policy. Because a full understanding of the important contemporary issues requires input from a variety of perspectives, the Handbook draws on contributors from a variety of disciplines. While many of the chapters cover complex state-of-the-art empirical research, the authors explain key concepts in language that non-specialists can understand.
Does Money Matter
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Author : Gary Burtless
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2011-02-01
Does Money Matter written by Gary Burtless and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-01 with Education categories.
Many believe that American education can only be improved with a sizable infusion of new resources into the nation's schools. Others find little evidence that large increases in spending lead to improvements in educational performance. Do additional school resources actually make any difference? The evidence on this question offers a striking paradox. Many analysts have found that extra school resources play a negligible role in improving student achievement while children are in school. Yet many economists have gathered data showing that students who attend well-endowed schools grow up to enjoy better job market success than children whose education takes place in schools where resources are limited. For example, children who attend schools with a lower pupil-teacher ratio and a better educated teaching staff appear to earn higher wages as adults than children who attend poorer schools. This book, which grew out of a Brookings conference, brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines to discuss the evidence on the link between school resources and educational and economic outcomes. In a lively exchange of views, they debate whether additional spending can improve the performance of the nation's schools. In addition to editor Gary Burtless, the contributors include Eric Hanushek, University of Rochester; James Heckman, University of Chicago; Julian Betts, University of California, San Diego; Richard Murnane, Harvard University; Larry Hedges, University of Chicago; and Christopher Jencks, Northwestern University. Dialogues on Public Policy
The Sage Handbook Of Sociology Of Education
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Author : Mark Berends
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications Limited
Release Date : 2023-12-30
The Sage Handbook Of Sociology Of Education written by Mark Berends and has been published by SAGE Publications Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-30 with Education categories.
The SAGE Handbook of Sociology of Education offers a diverse and timely perspective on the intricate relationships between education and society, with expert contributions covering topics such as social stratification, educational policy, and the impact of COVID-19 on early childhood education.
The Educational Expansion And Persistent Inequality
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Author : Yool Choi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Educational Expansion And Persistent Inequality written by Yool Choi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Sociology and social stratification researchers have long been concerned with the issue of educational inequality, as education is considered a key tool for achieving social mobility and has been shown to be a powerful determinant of an individual's opportunities and quality of life in modern society (Blau and Duncan 1967; Hout 1988; Fischer and Hout 2006). Given the significant role that education plays in determining social mobility, there has emerged a dynamic of competition between social classes for attaining higher education. While marginalized classes seek to overcome their disadvantaged status through education, thus allowing them greater social mobility, higher classes continuously enact social closure behavior through education to secure their advantaged status. Therefore, education is one of the most competitive endeavors in modern society. In this dissertation, I explore the class dynamics of acquiring educational advantages given educational expansion in the United States and South Korea (hereafter Korea). Of key interest are strategies of securing social mobility through education that entail a move away from public education and increased reliance on resources outside of formal schooling. In this dissertation, I examine the effect of three extra-curricular activities on education and labor market outcomes, with a particular focus on the transitional periods of entry into and exit from postsecondary education, along with patterns of student retention and attrition during the years of college enrollment. Specifically, the first chapter of my dissertation uses data from the Educational Longitudinal Survey of 2002 to look at the average and heterogeneous effects of shadow education on SAT scores. The data include extensive information on not only students' socioeconomic background, but also high school information such as GPA, educational aspirations and motivation, which is helpful in estimating the propensity to shadow education and the relationship between shadow education and SAT scores. I use PSM to examine the average relationship between shadow education and SAT achievement, paying attention to the issue of pretreatment heterogeneity. Also, using the stratification-multilevel and smoothing-differencing methods, I examine how the effects of shadow education vary according to likelihood of receiving shadow education. I find that shadow education has significant positive effects on SAT scores and that the effects vary by individual propensity to use shadow education. The pattern of treatment effect heterogeneity indicates positive selection, which indicates that those who are more likely to use shadow education--those who are socioeconomically advantaged--benefit more from shadow education than those who are less likely to use it. Also, public resources such as school prep courses, books, and videos, neither alleviate the effects of private shadow education nor change the pattern of the treatment effect heterogeneity. My findings suggest that shadow education is an emerging mechanism that exacerbates educational inequality in the United States. In the second chapter, using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth from 1997, I examine the relationship between college student employment and dropouts. Since NLSY97 is surveyed annually and includes extensive information about students' educational backgrounds such as high school academic achievements, college financial aid, and the respondent's educational history, it is particularly useful to examine how student employment affects first year attrition and bachelor's degree completion. Using PSM, I estimate the average effects of treatment on the treated and I verify evidence of the treatment effect heterogeneity of student employment on college dropout by using the stratification-multilevel and smoothing-differencing methods. In this chapter, utilizing complex counterfactuals, (e.g., intense work [20 hours or more] vs. moderate work [less than 20 hours] vs. no work), I also examine variations in the effect of work intensity on dropout. In this study, I find that engaging in intense work has deleterious effects on first-year retention and on graduation within six years; however, the effects of intense work vary by likelihood of participation in intense work. The most advantaged students--who are least likely to engage in intense work--experience the most negative consequences from intense work, while such activity is less harmful to those from disadvantaged social backgrounds. I also find that this effect heterogeneity can be attributed to different financial situations and reasons for working between advantaged and disadvantaged students. This finding has two key implications. First, advantaged students should carefully consider engaging in intense work, as it can negatively affect bachelor's degree completion. Second, although the effect of intense work is less harmful for disadvantaged students, providing sufficient financial aid to them is still an important task, as this could help them to balance the intensity of work and school life. The final chapter of my dissertation aims to examine the effects of English training abroad (hereafter ETA) on labor market outcomes in Korea. To examine how ETA affects employment and wages, I conduct survival analysis and quantile regression using data from the Korea Employment Information Service's 2007 Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey. The key finding of this study is that even though the average effects of ETA seem to be modest as most prior research has indicated, ETA does appear to have substantial positive effects on getting a good job and earning higher wages. ETA proved especially helpful for those who did not attend elite colleges. That is, ETA is a useful tool for non-elite students to supplement their weak formal education. Based on these findings, I conclude that ETA has a substantial impact on labor market outcomes in South Korea, and thus labor market opportunities are strongly determined by an socioeconomic background, as the cost of participation in ETA presents a barrier to entry for individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Education Policy In Developing Countries
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Author : Paul Glewwe
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2013-12-17
Education Policy In Developing Countries written by Paul Glewwe and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-17 with Education categories.
Almost any economist will agree that education plays a key role in determining a country’s economic growth and standard of living, but what we know about education policy in developing countries is remarkably incomplete and scattered over decades and across publications. Education Policy in Developing Countries rights this wrong, taking stock of twenty years of research to assess what we actually know—and what we still need to learn—about effective education policy in the places that need it the most. Surveying many aspects of education—from administrative structures to the availability of health care to parent and student incentives—the contributors synthesize an impressive diversity of data, paying special attention to the gross imbalances in educational achievement that still exist between developed and developing countries. They draw out clear implications for governmental policy at a variety of levels, conscious of economic realities such as budget constraints, and point to crucial areas where future research is needed. Offering a wealth of insights into one of the best investments a nation can make, Education Policy in Developing Countries is an essential contribution to this most urgent field.
Family And School Capital Towards A Context Theory Of Students School Outcomes
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Author : K. Marjoribanks
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Family And School Capital Towards A Context Theory Of Students School Outcomes written by K. Marjoribanks and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Education categories.
This book represents a major advance in examining the problem of how to reduce inequalities in the educational and occupational attainment of students from different socio-economic, ethnic and race group backgrounds. It integrates qualitative and quantitative research orientations and methodologies. A set of family and school measures is included that might be used by researchers and students as they examine the context theory, and by educators involved in school reform programs.