The Elasticity Of Substitution Between Skilled And Unskilled Labor In Developing Countries A Directed Technical Change Perspective
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The Elasticity Of Substitution Between Skilled And Unskilled Labor In Developing Countries A Directed Technical Change Perspective
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Author : Mr. Alberto Behar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-08-11
The Elasticity Of Substitution Between Skilled And Unskilled Labor In Developing Countries A Directed Technical Change Perspective written by Mr. Alberto Behar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-11 with Business & Economics categories.
We develop a model of endogenous skill-biased technical change in developing countries. The endogenous response to a rise in skill supply counters the traditional substitution effect and dampens its role in reducing wage inequality. The model re-enforces consensus estimates of the elasticity of substitution between more/less educated workers by reconciling dispersed existing estimates. It also rationalizes estimates that were hitherto deemed implausible or model-inconsistent. We produce new estimates for developing countries with a novel global panel (finding values at or just above 2) and with Latin American data that facilitates analysis of dynamics (which reduce estimates to 1.7-1.8). We therefore shed new light on a parameter that is crucial for inequality, growth, and other key macroeconomic questions.
Understanding National Accounts Second Edition
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Author : Lequiller François
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2014-10-20
Understanding National Accounts Second Edition written by Lequiller François and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-20 with categories.
This is an update of OECD 2006 "Understanding National Accounts". It contains new data, new chapters and is adapted to the new systems of national accounts, SNA 2008 and ESA 2010.
Globalization And Informal Jobs In Developing Countries
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Author : Marc Bacchetta
language : en
Publisher: World Trade Organization
Release Date : 2009
Globalization And Informal Jobs In Developing Countries written by Marc Bacchetta and has been published by World Trade Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
World trade has expanded significantly in recent years, making a major contribution to global growth. Economic growth has not led to a corresponding improvement in working conditions and living standards for many workers. In developing countries, job creation has largely taken place in the informal economy, where around 60 per cent of workers are employed. Most of the workers in the informal economy have almost no job security, low incomes and no social protection, with limited opportunities to benefit from globalization. This study focuses on the relationship between trade And The growth of the informal economy in developing countries. Based on existing academic literature, complemented with new empirical research by the ILO And The WTO, The study discusses how trade reform affects different aspects of the informal economy. it also examines how high rates of informal employment diminish the scope for developing countries to translate trade openness into sustainable long-term growth. The report analyses how well-designed trade and decent-work friendly policies can complement each other so as to promote sustainable development and growing prosperity in developing countries.
The Economics Of Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Ajay Agrawal
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2024-03-14
The Economics Of Artificial Intelligence written by Ajay Agrawal and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-14 with Business & Economics categories.
A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.
Making Globalization Work
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Author : Joseph E Stiglitz
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2006-08-29
Making Globalization Work written by Joseph E Stiglitz and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-29 with Business & Economics categories.
"Four years ago, Joseph E. Stiglitz outlined the problems our rapidly integrating world was facing in Globalization and Its Discontents." "Now, in Making Globalization Work, Stiglitz brings the story up to the present, examining how change has occurred occurred even more rapidly over the past four years, proposing solutions, and looking to the future. He puts forward radical new ways of dealing with the crippling indebtedness of developing countries, recommends a new system of global reserves to overcome international financial instability, and provides new proposals for addressing the current impasse in dealing with global warming - the most important threat to the world's environment. He argues for the reform of global institutions - the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank - as well as for international trade agreements and intellectual property laws to make these institutions truly capable of responding to the problems of our age. Throughout, Stiglitz makes a compelling case that treating developing countries more fairly is not only morally right but is ultimately to the advantage of the developed world too."--BOOK JACKET.
Wage Led Growth
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Author : Engelbert Stockhammer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-12-03
Wage Led Growth written by Engelbert Stockhammer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-03 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume seeks to go beyond the microeconomic view of wages as a cost having negative consequences on a given firm, to consider the positive macroeconomic dynamics associated with wages as a major component of aggregate demand.
Implications Of Skill Biased Technological Change
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Author : Eli Berman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Implications Of Skill Biased Technological Change written by Eli Berman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Cambio tecnologico categories.
Demand for less skilled workers decreased dramatically in the US and in other developed countries over the past two decades. We argue that pervasive skill-biased technological change rather than increased trade with the developing world is the principal culprit. The pervasiveness of this technological change is important for two reasons. First, it is an immediate and testable implication of technological change. Second, under standard assumptions, the more pervasive the skill-biased technological change the greater the increase in the embodied supply of less skilled workers and the greater the depressing effect on their relative wages through world goods prices. In contrast, in the Heckscher-Ohlin model with small open economies, the skill-bias of local technological changes does not affect wages. Thus, pervasiveness deals with a major criticism of skill-biased technological change as a cause. Testing the implications of pervasive, skill-biased technological change we find strong supporting evidence. First, across the OECD, most industries have increased the proportion of skilled workers employed despite rising or stable relative wages. Second, increases in demand for skills were concentrated in the same manufacturing industries in different developed countries.
Beyond Reforms
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Author : Jose Antonio Ocampo
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005-07-15
Beyond Reforms written by Jose Antonio Ocampo and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-15 with Business & Economics categories.
'Beyond Reforms' argues that economic growth in developing countries is intrinsically tied to the dynamics of production structures, to the specific policies and institutions created to support it, and the creation of linkages among domestic firms and sectors. Avoiding macroeconomic instability is also essential. However, macroeconomic stability is not a sufficient condition for growth. The broader institutional context and the adequate provision of education and infrastructure are essential 'framework conditions,' but generally do not play a direct role in bringing about changes in the momentum of economic growth.
Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972-10
Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972-10 with categories.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
The World At Work
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Author : Richard Dobbs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The World At Work written by Richard Dobbs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Income distribution categories.
"Over the past three decades, economies and markets have become more interdependent and inter-dependent, as trade volumes have grown and developing economies have industrialized. Labor markets have evolved along with the global economy, bringing nearly one billion people in the developing world into the global labor pool and helping both advanced and developing economies raise productivity and GDP. Recently, however, strains caused by the rise of a global labor force have also become more apparent. These strains - heightened by the 'Great Recession' - including rising joblessness and income inequality, and distressing high rates of youth employment. How demand and supply of labor develop over the coming decades will have even greater impact on the global economy. The research in this report was conducted to provide a picture of the evolving global labor market. We find that, based on current trends, there are potentially serious gaps in the supply of workers with the skills that will be needed to drive 21st-century economies, and a growing surplus of workers with more limited skills. Avoiding these imbalances (in both advanced and developing economies) and their consequences will require a unprecedented commitment to education and training."- -Preface.