The Enlightenment That Failed
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The Enlightenment That Failed
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Author : Jonathan I. Israel
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-11-28
The Enlightenment That Failed written by Jonathan I. Israel and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-28 with History categories.
The Enlightenment that Failed explores the growing rift between those Enlightenment trends and initiatives that appealed exclusively to elites and those aspiring to enlighten all of society by raising mankind's awareness, freedoms, and educational level generally. Jonathan I. Israel explains why the democratic and radical secularizing tendency of the Western Enlightenment, after gaining some notable successes during the revolutionary era (1775-1820) in numerous countries, especially in Europe, North America, and Spanish America, ultimately failed. He argues that a populist, Robespierriste tendency, sharply at odds with democratic values and freedom of expression, gained an ideological advantage in France, and that the negative reaction this generally provoked caused a more general anti-Enlightenment reaction, a surging anti-intellectualism combined with forms of religious revival that largely undermined the longings of the deprived, underprivileged, and disadvantaged, and ended by helping, albeit often unwittingly, conservative anti-Enlightenment ideologies to dominate the scene. The Enlightenment that Failed relates both the American and the French revolutions to the Enlightenment in a markedly different fashion from how this is usually done, showing how both great revolutions were fundamentally split between bitterly opposed and utterly incompatible ideological tendencies. Radical Enlightenment, which had been an effective ideological challenge to the prevailing monarchical-aristocratic status quo, was weakened, then almost entirely derailed and displaced from the Western consciousness, in the 1830s and 1840s by the rise of Marxism and other forms of socialism.
Democratic Enlightenment
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Author : Jonathan Israel
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-01-17
Democratic Enlightenment written by Jonathan Israel and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-17 with History categories.
Jonathan Israel's radical new account of the late Enlightenment highlights forgotten currents and figures. Running counter to mainstream thinking, he demonstrates how a group of philosophe-revolutionnaires provided the intellectual powerhouse of the French Revolution, and how their ideas connect with modern Western democracy.
Radical Enlightenment
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Author : Jonathan I. Israel
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2002-07-18
Radical Enlightenment written by Jonathan I. Israel and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-18 with History categories.
Arguably the most decisive shift in the history of ideas in modern times was the complete demolition during the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries - in the wake of the Scientific Revolution - of traditional structures of authority, scientific thought, and belief by the new philosophy and the philosophes, culminating in Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau. In this revolutionary process which effectively overthrew all justicfication for monarchy, aristocracy, and ecclesiastical power, as well as man's dominance over woman, theological dominance of education, and slavery, substituting the modern principles of equality, democracy, and universality, the Radical Enlightenment played a crucially important part. Despite the present day interest in the revolutions of the late eighteenth century, the origins and rise of the Radical Enlightenment have been astonishingly little studied doubtless largely because of its very wide international sweep and the obvious difficulty of fitting in into the restrictive conventions of 'national history' which until recently tended to dominate all historiography. The greatest obstacle to the Radical Enlightenment finding its proper place in modern historical writing is simply that it was not French, British, German, Italian, Jewish or Dutch, but all of these at the same time. In this novel interpretation of the Radical Enlightenment down to La Mettie and Diderot, two of its key exponents, particular stress is placed on the pivotal role of Spinoza and the widespread underground international philosophical movement known before 1750 as Spinozism.
Enlightenment Contested
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Author : Jonathan I. Israel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Enlightenment Contested written by Jonathan I. Israel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The Expanding Blaze
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Author : Jonathan Israel
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2019-11-26
The Expanding Blaze written by Jonathan Israel and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-26 with History categories.
"A major intellectual history of the American Revolution and its influence on later revolutions in Europe and the Americas, the Expanding Blaze is a sweeping history of how the American Revolution inspired revolutions throughout Europe and the Atlantic world in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Jonathan Israel, one of the world's leading historians of the Enlightenment, shows how the radical ideas of American founders such as Paine, Jefferson, Franklin, Madison, and Monroe set the pattern for democratic revolutions, movements, and constitutions in France, Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Greece, Canada, Haiti, Brazil, and Spanish America. The Expanding Blaze reminds us that the American Revolution was an astonishingly radical event--and that it didn't end with the transformation and independence of America. Rather, the revolution continued to reverberate in Europe and the Americas for the next three-quarters of a century. This comprehensive history of the revolution's international influence traces how American efforts to implement Radical Enlightenment ideas--including the destruction of the old regime and the promotion of democratic republicanism, self-government, and liberty--helped drive revolutions abroad, as foreign leaders explicitly followed the American example and espoused American democratic values. The first major new intellectual history of the age of democratic revolution in decades, The Expanding Blaze returns the American Revolution to its global context."--
The Light That Failed
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Author : Ivan Krastev
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2019-10-31
The Light That Failed written by Ivan Krastev and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-31 with Political Science categories.
A landmark book that completely transforms our understanding of the crisis of liberalism, from two pre-eminent intellectuals Why did the West, after winning the Cold War, lose its political balance? In the early 1990s, hopes for the eastward spread of liberal democracy were high. And yet the transformation of Eastern European countries gave rise to a bitter repudiation of liberalism itself, not only there but also back in the heartland of the West. In this brilliant work of political psychology, Ivan Krastev and Stephen Holmes argue that the supposed end of history turned out to be only the beginning of an Age of Imitation. Reckoning with the history of the last thirty years, they show that the most powerful force behind the wave of populist xenophobia that began in Eastern Europe stems from resentment at the post-1989 imperative to become Westernized. Through this prism, the Trump revolution represents an ironic fulfillment of the promise that the nations exiting from communist rule would come to resemble the United States. In a strange twist, Trump has elevated Putin's Russia and Orbán's Hungary into models for the United States. Written by two pre-eminent intellectuals bridging the East/West divide, The Light that Failed is a landmark book that sheds light on the extraordinary history of our Age of Imitation.
The World We Want
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Author : Robert B. Louden
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-03-16
The World We Want written by Robert B. Louden and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-16 with Philosophy categories.
The World We Want compares the future world that Enlightenment intellectuals had hoped for with our own world at present. In what respects do the two worlds differ, and why are they so different? To what extent is and isn't our world the world they wanted, and to what extent do we today still want their world? Unlike previous philosophical critiques and defenses of the Enlightenment, the present study focuses extensively on the relevant historical and empirical record first, by examining carefully what kind of future Enlightenment intellectuals actually hoped for; second, by tracking the different legacies of their central ideals over the past two centuries. But in addition to documenting the significant gap that still exists between Enlightenment ideals and current realities, the author also attempts to show why the ideals of the Enlightenment still elude us. What does our own experience tell us about the appropriateness of these ideals? Which Enlightenment ideals do not fit with human nature? Why is meaningful support for these ideals, particularly within the US, so weak at present? Which of the means that Enlightenment intellectuals advocated for realizing their ideals are inefficacious? Which of their ideals have devolved into distorted versions of themselves when attempts have been made to realize them? How and why, after more than two centuries, have we still failed to realize the most significant Enlightenment ideals? In short, what is dead and what is living in these ideals?
The Enlightenment That Failed
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Author : Jonathan Israel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Enlightenment That Failed written by Jonathan Israel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with History categories.
Radical and conservative Enlightenment ideologies began to break apart as the desire for a fair society clashed with questions of religion and secularization. The Enlightenment that Failed shows how ideas promoting the interest of society as a whole came to be almost defeated by ideas buttressing the interests of the privileged few.
Enlightenment S Wake
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Author : John Gray
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2007-07-03
Enlightenment S Wake written by John Gray and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-03 with Business & Economics categories.
John Gray is the bestselling author of such books as Straw Dogs and Al Qaeda and What it Means to be Modern which brought a mainstream readership to a man who was already one of the UK's most well respected thinkers and political theorists. Gray wrote Enlightenment’s Wake in 1995 – six years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and six years before the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. Turning his back on neoliberalism at exactly the moment that its advocates were in their pomp, trumpeting 'the end of history' and the supposedly unstoppable spread of liberal values across the globe, Gray’s was a lone voice of scepticism. The thinking he criticised here would lead ultimately to the invasion of Iraq. Today, its folly might seem obvious to all, but as this edition of Enlightenment’s Wake shows, John Gray has been trying to warn us for some fifteen years – the rest of us are only now catching up with him.
Enemies Of The Enlightenment
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Author : Darrin M. McMahon
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2002
Enemies Of The Enlightenment written by Darrin M. McMahon and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with History categories.
"Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, Darrin M. McMahon shows that well before the French Revolution, enemies of the Enlightenment were warning that the secular thrust of modern philosophy would give way to horrors of an unprecedented kind. Greeting 1789, in turn, as the realization of their worst fears, they fought the Revolution from its onset, profoundly affecting its subsequent course. The radicalization - and violence - of the Revolution was as much the product of militant resistance as any inherent logic."--BOOK JACKET.