The Eritrean National Service
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The Eritrean National Service
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Author : Gaim Kibreab
language : en
Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Release Date : 2017
The Eritrean National Service written by Gaim Kibreab and has been published by Boydell & Brewer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with History categories.
Gives voice to the conscripts who are forced to serve indefinitely without remuneration under the ENS in a powerful critical survey of its effect from the Liberation Struggle to today. The Eritrean National Service (ENS) lies at the core of the post-independence state, not only supplying its military, but affecting every aspect of the country's economy, its social services, its public sector and its politics. Over half the workforce are forcibly enrolled into it by the government, driving the country's youth to escape national service by seeking employment and asylum elsewhere. Yet how did the ENS, which began during the 1961-91 liberation struggle as part of the idea of the "common good" - in which individual interests were sacrificed in pursuit of the grand scheme of independence and the country's development - degenerate into forced labour and a modern form ofslavery? And why, when Eritrea no longer faces existential threat, does the government continue to demand such service from its citizens? This book provides for the first time an in-depth and critical scrutiny of the ENS'sachievements and failures and its overarching impact on the social fabric of Eritrea. The author discusses the historical backdrop to the ENS and the rationales underlying it; its goals and objectives; its transformative effects, as well as its impact on the country's defence capability, national unity, national identity construction and nation-building. He also analyses the extent to which the national service functions as an effective mechanism of transmitting the core values of the liberation struggle to the conscripts and through them to the rest of country's population. Finally, the book assesses whether the core aims and objectives of the ENS proclaimed by various governmentshave been or are in the process of being accomplished and, drawing on the testimony of the hitherto voiceless conscripts themselves, its impact on their lives and livelihoods. GAIM KIBREAB is Professor of Research andDirector of Refugee Studies, School of Law and Social Science, London South Bank University. He is the author of Eritrea: A Dream Deferred (James Currey, 2009) and People on the Edge in the Horn (James Currey, 1996).
International Encyclopedia Of Adolescence
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Author : Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2007
International Encyclopedia Of Adolescence written by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Family & Relationships categories.
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Eritrea
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Author : Mussie Tesfagiorgis G. Ph.D.
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2010-10-29
Eritrea written by Mussie Tesfagiorgis G. Ph.D. and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-29 with History categories.
This authoritative overview serves as a comprehensive resource on Eritrea's history, politics, economy, society, and culture. Located in eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea between Djibouti and Sudan, Eritrea is a poor but developing East African country, the capital of which is Asmara. Formerly a province of Ethiopia, Eritrea became independent on May 24, 1993, following a 30-year struggle that culminated in a referendum vote for independence. Written materials on most aspects of Eritrean history and culture are quite scarce. Eritrea fills that gap with an exhaustive, thematically organized overview. It examines Eritrean geography, the history of Eritrea since the ancient period, and the government, politics, economy, society, cultures, and people of the modern nation. Though based largely on the documentary record, the book also recognizes the value of oral history among the people of Eritrea and incorporates that history as well. Leading sources are quoted at length to provide analysis and perspective.
Service For Life
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Author : Human Rights Watch (Organization)
language : en
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
Release Date : 2009
Service For Life written by Human Rights Watch (Organization) and has been published by Human Rights Watch this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Civil rights categories.
Methodology -- Recommendations -- Part 1 : background -- Part 2 : human rights violations -- Part 3 : the experience of Eritrean refugees -- Part 4 : Eritrea's legal obligations -- Part 5 : Responding to Eritrea's crisis.
Historical Dictionary Of Eritrea
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Author : Dan Connell
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date : 2010-10-14
Historical Dictionary Of Eritrea written by Dan Connell and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-14 with History categories.
The history of Eritrea is told in this reference through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 500 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, events, places, organizations, and other aspects of Eritrea's history from the earliest times to the present. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Eritrea.
Mobile Africa Human Trafficking And The Digital Divide
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Author : Van Reisen, Mirjam
language : en
Publisher: Langaa RPCIG
Release Date : 2019-10-25
Mobile Africa Human Trafficking And The Digital Divide written by Van Reisen, Mirjam and has been published by Langaa RPCIG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-25 with Social Science categories.
What happens at the nexus of the digital divide and human trafficking? This book examines the impact of the introduction of new digital information and communication technology (ICT) – as well as lack of access to digital connectivity – on human trafficking. The different studies presented in the chapters show the realities for people moving along the Central Mediterranean route from the Horn of Africa through Libya to Europe. The authors warn against an over-optimistic view of innovation as a solution and highlight the relationship between technology and the crimes committed against vulnerable people in search of protection. In this volume, the third in a four-part series ‘Connected and Mobile: Migration and Human Trafficking in Africa’, relevant new theories are proposed as tools to understand the dynamics that appear in mobile Africa. Most importantly, the editors identify critical ethical issues in relation to both technology and human trafficking and the nexus between them, helping explore the dimensions of new responsibilities that need to be defined. The chapters in this book represent a collection of well-documented empirical investigations by a young and diverse group of researchers, addressing critical issues in relation to innovation and the perils of our time.
Understanding Eritrea
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Author : Martin Plaut
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-02-01
Understanding Eritrea written by Martin Plaut and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-01 with Political Science categories.
The most secretive, repressive state in Africa is hemorrhaging its citizens. In some months as many Eritreans as Syrians arrive on European shores, yet the country is not convulsed by civil war. Young men and women risk all to escape. Many do not survive - their bones littering the Sahara; their bodies floating in the Mediterranean. Still they flee, to avoid permanent military service and a future without hope. As the United Nations reported: 'Thousands of conscripts are subjected to forced labor that effectively abuses, exploits and enslaves them for years.' Eritreans fought for their freedom from Ethiopia for thirty years, only to have their revered leader turn on his own people. Independent since 1993, the country has no constitution and no parliament. No budget has ever been published. Elections have never been held and opponents languish in jail. International organizations find it next to impossible to work in the country. Nor is it just a domestic issue. By supporting armed insurrection in neighboring states it has destabilized the Horn of Africa. Eritrea is involved in the Yemeni civil war, while the regime backs rebel movements in Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti. This book tells the untold story of how this tiny nation became a world pariah.
Enslaved
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Author : Mirjam Van Reisen
language : en
Publisher: African Books Collective
Release Date : 2023-01-21
Enslaved written by Mirjam Van Reisen and has been published by African Books Collective this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-21 with History categories.
Eritrean refugees are being trafficked and enslaved in Libya, where they are tortured to force relatives to pay a ransom for their release. Labelled with a digital code, they are moved along in the possession of the traffickers through a series of black holes, in which their access to digital technologies and connectivity is highly controlled. They are tortured, abused, extorted and subjected to sexual violence. Many die along the way. If they make it to the Mediterranean Sea, they risk being intercepted and returned to Libya or dying at sea. Over the period of this study (201721), it is conservatively estimated that at least 200,000 men, women and children have fallen victim to human trafficking for ransom in Libya, and the cumulative value of this trade for that period is estimated at over 1 billion USD. This detailed ethnographic study identifies the routes, modus operandi, organisation, and key actors involved in the human trafficking for ransom of refugees and migrants, who are desperately in need of protection. The book is part of the GAIC Research Network and African studies series published by Langaa RPCIG and makes an important contribution to the literature on human trafficking, migration studies, African studies, modern slavery, social protection and governance.
The Cia World Factbook 2024 2025
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Author : Central Intelligence Agency
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2024-05-14
The Cia World Factbook 2024 2025 written by Central Intelligence Agency and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-14 with Political Science categories.
The ultimate, comprehensive guide to official country data and statistics, from the world’s most sophisticated intelligence-gathering organization. From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, The CIA World Factbook 2024-2025 offers complete and up-to-date information on the world's nations. This comprehensive guide is packed with data on countries' politics, populations, economics, and environment for 2024 and looks ahead to 2025. The CIA World Factbook 2024-2025 includes the following for each country: Updated geopolitical maps Population statistics, with details on languages, religions, literacy rates, age structure, health indicators, and much more Up-to-date data on military expenditures and capabilities Geography information, including climate and natural hazards Details on prominent political figures and parties Contact information for diplomatic missions Facts on transportation, trade, and communication infrastructure Space program profiles for over 90 participating nations Also included are appendices with useful abbreviations, terror organization profiles, and more. Originally intended for use by government officials and policymakers as well as the broader intelligence community, this is a must-have resource for students, travelers, journalists, and anyone with a desire to know more about their world.
Corporate Citizen
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Author : Oonagh E. Fitzgerald
language : en
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Release Date : 2020-10-06
Corporate Citizen written by Oonagh E. Fitzgerald and has been published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-06 with Business & Economics categories.
The contributors to Corporate Citizen explore the legal frameworks and standards of conduct for multinational corporations. In a globalized world governed by domestic and international law, these corporations can be everywhere and nowhere at once, reaping financial benefits and enjoying the protections of investor-state arbitration but rarely being held accountable for the economic, environmental, and human rights harms they may have caused. Given the far-reaching power and success of the transnational corporation, and the many legal tools allowing these companies to avoid liability, how can governments protect their citizens? Broad-ranging in perspective, colourful and thought-provoking, the chapters in Corporate Citizen make the case that because the success of corporate global citizenship risks undermining national and international democratic governance, the multinational corporation must be more closely scrutinized and controlled – in the service of humanity and the protection of the natural environment.