The Ethics And Politics Of Human Experimentation
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The Ethics And Politics Of Human Experimentation
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Author : Paul Murray McNeill
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1993-05-28
The Ethics And Politics Of Human Experimentation written by Paul Murray McNeill and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-05-28 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
The author finds that these committees are predominantly influenced by members of research institutions and by the researchers themselves. Yet researchers, and their institutions, stand to gain considerable benefits from the experiments they conduct. Dr McNeill argues that committees of review, as they are presently constituted, cannot be relied on to ensure an equitable balance between the interests of researchers and the interests of the human subjects experimented on. He proposes a radically different rationale and model for committee review.
Undue Risk
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Author : Jonathan D. Moreno
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-05-13
Undue Risk written by Jonathan D. Moreno and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with Social Science categories.
From the courtrooms of Nuremberg to the battlefields of the Gulf War, Undue Risk exposes a variety of government policies and specific cases, includingplutonium injections to unwilling hospital patients, and even the attempted recruitment of Nazi medical scientists bythe U.S. government after World War II.
Ethical Research
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Author : Ulf Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-04-21
Ethical Research written by Ulf Schmidt and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-21 with Medical categories.
At the heart of research with human beings is the moral notion that the experimental subject is altruistic, and is primarily concerned for the welfare of others. Beneath the surface, however, lies a very different ethical picture. Individuals participating in potentially life-saving research sometimes take on considerable risks to their own well-being. Efforts to safeguard human participants in clinical trials have intensified ever since the first version of the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and are now codified in many national and international laws and regulations. However, a comprehensive understanding of how this cornerstone document originated, changed, and functions today does not yet exist in the sphere of human research. Ethical Research brings together the work of leading experts from the fields of bioethics, health and medical law, the medical humanities, biomedicine, the medical sciences, philosophy, and history. Together, they focus on the centrality of the Declaration of Helsinki to the protection of human subjects involved in experimentation in an increasingly complex industry and in the government-funded global research environment. The volume's historical and contemporary perspectives on human research address a series of fundamental questions: Is our current human protection regime adequately equipped to deal with new ethical challenges resulting from advances in high-tech biomedical science? How important has the Declaration been in non-Western regions, for example in Eastern Europe, Africa, China, and South America? Why has the bureaucratization of regulation led to calls to pay greater attention to professional responsibility? Ethical Research offers insight into the way in which philosophy, politics, economics, law, science, culture, and society have shaped, and continue to shape, the ideas and practices of human research.
The Ethics Of Research With Human Subjects
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Author : David B. Resnik
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-09
The Ethics Of Research With Human Subjects written by David B. Resnik and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-09 with Philosophy categories.
This book provides a framework for approaching ethical and policy dilemmas in research with human subjects from the perspective of trust. It explains how trust is important not only between investigators and subjects but also between and among other stakeholders involved in the research enterprise, including research staff, sponsors, institutions, communities, oversight committees, government agencies, and the general public. The book argues that trust should be viewed as a distinct ethical principle for research with human subjects that complements other principles, such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The book applies the principle of trust to numerous issues, including informed consent, confidentiality, risk minimization, risks and benefits, protection of vulnerable subjects, experimental design, research integrity, and research oversight.This work also includes discussions of the history of research involving human subjects, moral theories and principles, contemporary cases, and proposed regulatory reforms. The book is useful for undergraduate and graduate students studying ethical policy issues related to research with human subjects, as well as for scientists and scholars who are interested in thinking about this topic from the perspective of trust.
Ethics And Experiments
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Author : Scott Desposato
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-12-22
Ethics And Experiments written by Scott Desposato and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-22 with Political Science categories.
For most of political science's history, discussions about professional ethics had nothing to do with human subjects. Professional ethics involved integrity in the classroom, fair tenure and promotion rule, and the careful avoidance of plagiarism. As most research was observational, there was little need for attention to how scholarly activities might directly affect the subjects of our work. Times have changed. The dramatic growth in the use of experiments in social science, especially overseas, is generating unexpected ethical controversies. The purpose of this volume is to identify, debate, and propose practical solutions to the most critical of these new ethical issues. A leading team of internationally distinguished political science scholars presents the first examination of the practical and ethical challenges of research with human subjects in social science and policy studies. Part 1 examines contextual challenges provided by experiments conducted overseas - questions of culture, religion, security, and poverty. Part 2 examines questions of legal constraints on research, focusing on questions of foreign review of international experiments. Part 3 tackles the critical issues in field experiments, including deception and consent, impact on elections and careers, the boundaries of the public officials' exemption, and the use of partner organizations to avoid Institutional Review Body (IRB) review. Part 4 considers strategies for the future, including training and education, IRB reform, institutional changes, and norm development.
Human Experimentation And Research
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Author : George F. Tomossy
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-12
Human Experimentation And Research written by George F. Tomossy and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-12 with Medical categories.
This title was first published in 2003: As new medical technologies and treatments develop with increasing momentum, the legal and ethical implications of research involving human participants are being called into question as never before. Human Experimentation and Research explores the philosophical foundations of research ethics, ongoing regulatory dilemmas, and future challenges raised by the rapid globalisation and corporatisation of the research endeavour. This volume brings together some of the most significant published essays in the field. The editors also provide an informative introduction, summarizing the area and the relevance of the articles chosen.
Behind Closed Doors
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Author : Laura Stark
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2012-02
Behind Closed Doors written by Laura Stark and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02 with History categories.
Drwaing on extensive archival sources, Laura Stark reconstructs the daily lives of scientists, lawyers, administrators, and research subjects working - and 'warring' - on the campus of the National Institutes of Health, where they first wrote the rules for the treatment of human subjects.
Experiments In Democracy
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Author : Benjamin J. Hurlbut
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2017-01-31
Experiments In Democracy written by Benjamin J. Hurlbut and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-31 with Medical categories.
Human embryo research touches upon strongly felt moral convictions, and it raises such deep questions about the promise and perils of scientific progress that debate over its development has become a moral and political imperative. From in vitro fertilization to embryonic stem cell research, cloning, and gene editing, Americans have repeatedly struggled with how to define the moral status of the human embryo, whether to limit its experimental uses, and how to contend with sharply divided public moral perspectives on governing science. Experiments in Democracy presents a history of American debates over human embryo research from the late 1960s to the present, exploring their crucial role in shaping norms, practices, and institutions of deliberation governing the ethical challenges of modern bioscience. J. Benjamin Hurlbut details how scientists, bioethicists, policymakers, and other public figures have attempted to answer a question of great consequence: how should the public reason about aspects of science and technology that effect fundamental dimensions of human life? Through a study of one of the most significant science policy controversies in the history of the United States, Experiments in Democracy paints a portrait of the complex relationship between science and democracy, and of U.S. society's evolving approaches to evaluating and governing science's most challenging breakthroughs.
Twentieth Century Ethics Of Human Subjects Research
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Author : Volker Roelcke
language : de
Publisher: Franz Steiner Verlag
Release Date : 2004
Twentieth Century Ethics Of Human Subjects Research written by Volker Roelcke and has been published by Franz Steiner Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with History categories.
Debates on the ethics of human subjects research meet with an increasing interest both within the medical profession and the broader public. Frequently, historical arguments are used to propagate or attack certain positions within these debates. However, there is a tendency to oversimplify the complexities of the past for present day purposes, and at the same time a lack of awareness of the historical dimension implicit in today's value preferences. Twentieth Century Ethics of Human Subjects Research brings together leading historians of medicine to reconstruct and analyse the history of actual experimental practices, the debates on human subjects research, and the attempts to regulate such research during the twentieth century. The volume addresses cases of medical research in France, Britain, Israel, the United States, and Germany, including the Nazi period; the major developments of ethical debates in these and further national contexts, such as the Soviet Union, the Czech Republic, and Japan. It also explores religious views (Catholic, Jewish) on human experimentation, and the origins and contexts of international codes and declarations. "Volker Roelckes Uberblick uber die Geschichte der Menschenversuche im Dritten Reich sei jedem empfohlen, der sich kurz und pragnant uber dieses dustere Kapitel deutscher Geschichte informieren mochte." FAZ.
Experiments In Democracy
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Author : Benjamin Hurlbut
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022-05-03
Experiments In Democracy written by Benjamin Hurlbut and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-03 with categories.
Human embryo research touches upon strongly felt moral convictions, and it raises such deep questions about the promise and perils of scientific progress that debate over its development has become a moral and political imperative. From in vitro fertilization to embryonic stem cell research, cloning, and gene editing, Americans have repeatedly struggled with how to define the moral status of the human embryo, whether to limit its experimental uses, and how to contend with sharply divided public moral perspectives on governing science. Experiments in Democracy presents a history of American debates over human embryo research from the late 1960s to the present, exploring their crucial role in shaping norms, practices, and institutions of deliberation governing the ethical challenges of modern bioscience. J. Benjamin Hurlbut details how scientists, bioethicists, policymakers, and other public figures have attempted to answer a question of great consequence: how should the public reason about aspects of science and technology that effect fundamental dimensions of human life? Through a study of one of the most significant science policy controversies in the history of the United States, Experiments in Democracy paints a portrait of the complex relationship between science and democracy, and of U.S. society's evolving approaches to evaluating and governing science's most challenging breakthroughs.