The Evaluation And Control Of Reproductive Performance Of Small Scale Dairy Farms In East Java Indonesia
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The Evaluation And Control Of Reproductive Performance Of Small Scale Dairy Farms In East Java Indonesia
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Author : Susanto Amintorogo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
The Evaluation And Control Of Reproductive Performance Of Small Scale Dairy Farms In East Java Indonesia written by Susanto Amintorogo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Dairy cattle categories.
Small Scale Dairy Farming In Indonesia A Case Study From East Java
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Author : Priyo Sugeng winarto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Small Scale Dairy Farming In Indonesia A Case Study From East Java written by Priyo Sugeng winarto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Agrindex
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Agrindex written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Agriculture categories.
Artificial Insemination Service Efficiency And Reproductive Performance
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Author : Belayneh Engidawork
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2013
Artificial Insemination Service Efficiency And Reproductive Performance written by Belayneh Engidawork and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The study was carried out to evaluate efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) service and reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows under smallholder farmers conditions in North Shewa zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. The study involved retrospective evaluation of the efficiency of AI using 9 years recorded data of 576 cows from the district AI centers. A total of 240 households (120 AI beneficiary and 120 non-beneficiary households) were selected Purposively from 2 districts for the study, and interviewed using structured and semi-structured questionnaire to generate data on household characteristics, dairy cattle management and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Forty straws of frozen semen was sampled from both districts, thawed and evaluated at the district level for its quality following standard procedures. Generally, coverage of the AI service and the ongoing activities to improve and expand crossbred dairy cattle production at smallholder level in the area should be encouraged. Equally important, efforts should be geared to improve the different factors that have been reported to limit efficiency of AI and reproductive performance of dairy cows.
Improving Manure Management At Smallholder Dairy Farms In Indonesia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Improving Manure Management At Smallholder Dairy Farms In Indonesia written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
As a response to a high demand for milk and low national milk supply, the Indonesian government aims to increase national milk production by, among others, increasing the dairy cattle population. This will have consequences especially for manure production. Manure is an inevitable by-product of dairy production and has a number of benefits if it is appropriately managed, but can also cause environmental impacts when high manure production is followed by improper manure management. To avoid these adverse environmental impacts, manure needs to be managed appropriately. Smallholder dairy farms in Indonesia, however, are currently characterized by poor manure management, and with the expected increase in manure production, the importance of improving manure management is increasing. Improving manure management on smallholder farms involves many aspects, such as feed management, land for storing and applying manure, and costs associated with manure management. Knowledge about many of these aspects is lacking. The overall aim of the studies in this PhD thesis was to evaluate emissions to the environment associated with manure management and to identify improvement options on smallholder dairy farms in Indonesia. To this end, the studies in this PhD thesis analysed various aspect of manure management at different aggregation levels (i.e., the animal, farm, regional, and value chain level). At the animal level (Chapter 2), the models to accurately predict N-P excretion of dairy cows on smallholder farms in Indonesia based on readily available farm data were developed. The model predicted actual nutrient excretions with reasonable accuracy. The total N excretion of dairy cows in Indonesia was on average 197 g animal-1 d-1, whereas P excretion was on average 56 g animal-1 d-1. At the farm and regional level (Chapter 3), nutrient balances from dairy farming systems with different manure management systems (MMSs) were analyzed. Furthermore, nutrient balances from farm level were upscaled to regional level to determine the sector’s contribution to the pollution of the Citarum river and to identify potential options for improvement. Results showed that the N balances of all 30 dairy farms averaged 222 kg N farm-1 yr-1 and did not differ between MMSs. The P balances of the farms differed between MMSs; balances were highest for farms that discharge manure (83 kg P farm-1 yr-1) and lowest for farms that sell or export manure (-25 kg P farm-1 yr-1). Annually, all dairy farms in the Lembang region caused a loss of 1,061 tons of N and 290 tons of P into the environment and they extracted 8 tons of P from soils. At the farm and value chain level (Chapter 4 and 5), greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) at the value chain level by means of life cycle assessment (LCA) was estimated. Chapter 4 assessed seasonal differences in GHGE from Indonesian dairy farms by means of longitudinal observations and evaluated the implications of number of farm visits on the variance of the estimated GHGE per kg milk (GHGEI) for a single farm mean, and for the population mean. Results showed that GHGEI was higher in the rainy (1.32 kg CO2-eq kg-1 FPCM) than in the dry (0.91 kg CO2-eq kg-1 FPCM) season. The between farm variance was 0.025 kg CO2-eq kg-1 FPCM in both seasons. The within farm variance in the estimate for a single farm mean and the population mean decreased with an increase in number of farm visits. Variability in GHGEI can therefore be reduced by increasing the number of visits per farm. Forage cultivation was the main source of between farm variance, enteric fermentation the main source of within farm variance. Chapter 5 identified mitigation strategies of GHGE at smallholder dairy farms. The relationship between GHGEI and milk yield per cow for all farms was modelled and farms with an GHGEI below and above their predicted GHGEI were compared (‘low’ and ‘high’ GHGEI farms). Results showed that milk yield explained 57% of the variance in GHGEI among farms. Low GHGEI farms had fewer cows, and fed less rice straw, more cassava waste, and more compound concentrate feed (particularly the type of concentrates consisting largely of by-products from milling industries) than high GHGEI farms. In addition, low GHGEI farms discharged more manure, stored less solid manure, used less manure for anaerobic digestion followed by daily spreading, and applied less manure N on farmland than high GHGEI farms. At the farm and regional level (Chapter 6), the constraints on manure management on smallholder dairy farms and potential opportunities for improvement were identified. There are 20 constraints on manure management, of which availability of space to store manure on the farm, and costs of manure management are regarded most important. Stakeholders proposed strategies to improve manure management: communal manure storage (CMS), a structured manure market, and providing economic and institutional support such as access to credits and financial incentives for good manure management. The cost of manure management was high, and farms that sell or export manure, and farms that have a bio-digester had higher net total cost than farms that discharge manure. Total revenue (TR) differed between manure management systems and farms that apply manure had lower TR than farm that sell or export manure. All MMSs had negative net gross margins which could be explained by the high costs attributed to labour (i.e., family labour) and low revenue from manure. In Chapter 7, the methodological issues of the study, including the scope of the models and the method of data collection were discussed. Chapter 7 integrates the knowledge gained in the various studies and identifies a series of improvement options that connect the aggregation levels animal, farm, region, and value chain. It further suggests ways to create an enabling environment required to implement and effectuate the improvement options.
Sustainability Analysis Of Beef Production With Bali Cattle In Smallholder Farms On Ceram Island Indonesia
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Author : Faradilla Attamimi
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2011-03-16
Sustainability Analysis Of Beef Production With Bali Cattle In Smallholder Farms On Ceram Island Indonesia written by Faradilla Attamimi and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-16 with Science categories.
Even though being a region composed by islands and rich in water resources, beef production gains in importance on Ceram Island, Indonesia. A beef boom triggered the over-proportional selling of productive animals, threatening the sustainability of beef production in two farmer groups in the island, namely indigenous farmers who live as crop farmers, livestock keepers and fishermen and transmigrant farmers who came from other provinces in Indonesia, settled on the Island and live as food crop farmers, mainly producing rice and later becoming cattle keepers. The aim of the study was to contribute to the knowledge base needed for the design of sustainable beef production systems by analysing the sustainability of farms on Ceram Island, Indonesia. The Island was chosen by the provincial government as a centre of agricultural production in Maluku Province. The general hypothesis of this study was: farm resources and productive and reproductive performance of beef production in the mixed farming systems on Ceram Island differ according to the migratory status of farmers, leading to different economic efficiencies. Therefore, different strategies and interventions are needed to improve the systems. The study focused on districts with agriculture as the main economic activity, namely West Ceram and Kairatu districts in the west, and Bula district in the east. The study was carried out in three stages. The preliminary study was done to identify the production patterns and key features for further study planning in a diagnostic survey (33 households and 154 cattle) between June and September 2008. A comprehensive data collection was realised in the second stage, covering the areas of cattle distribution and performance, forage availability and quality, farm characteristics, production pattern, household socio-economic conditions and indicators used for sustainability analysis (88 households and 325 cattle). A closing data collection was performed with farmers in October 2010 in order to present, discuss and re-rank indicators in the sustainability analysis. The data was collected using household interviews, key person interviews, a progeny history questionnaire, systematic observation, cattle measurements, forage sampling and laboratory analysis, time line history of both farms and external condition, seasonal calendar for crops and cattle, internal bio-resource flow, ranking and scoring of the role and function of households member, as well as for cattle, crops and contribution of them for the household, and focus group discussion. After performing descriptive statistics, analytical analysis included general linear models and cluster analysis. IMPACT software was employed for annual economic balances, the households’ food security status and labour allocation. Results of the study showed that performance of Bali cattle in farms managed by indigenous versus transmigrant farmers were not significantly different in terms of bull age at first mating, cow age at first calving, weaning age, calving interval and mortalities. The body weights showed a non-significant tendency towards heavier cattle in transmigrant farms. The overall productive performance of Bali cattle on Ceram Island was comparable with previous studies conducted in other parts of Indonesia and in other countries such as Malaysia, Australia and the Philippine. Forage production in the rainy season was 6.9 ton dry matter per ha, with 4 to 6% crude protein, 34 to 38% crude fiber, and 13.1 MJ per ton dry matter, which is relatively low compared to the western part of Indonesia and other islands in the Pacific like Samoa.
Effects Of Feeding And Manure Management Interventions On Technical And Environmental Performance Of Indonesian Dairy Farms
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Author : Marion de Vries
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Effects Of Feeding And Manure Management Interventions On Technical And Environmental Performance Of Indonesian Dairy Farms written by Marion de Vries and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate effects of feeding and manure management interventions on the technical, economic, and environmental performance of Indonesian dairy farms, and to assess the adoption potential of these interventions. Various interventions were tested on 18 practical dairy farms in Lembang Sub-District in West Java, Indonesia. Results showed that ration balancing, mineral supplementation, feeding high quality compound concentrate feed, and (vermi-) composting have potential to improve the profitability of dairy farming, health of dairy cows, and/or reduce environmental pollution of dairy farming.
Improving Productivity And Reproductive Efficiency Of Smallholder Dairy Cows In Kenya
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Author : Joan Muraya
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Improving Productivity And Reproductive Efficiency Of Smallholder Dairy Cows In Kenya written by Joan Muraya and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The aims of this research were: 1) to gain a better understanding of the productive and reproductive outputs of the smallholder dairy farms (SDF); 2) to determine the factors and prevalence of selected reproductive diseases potentially affecting these outputs; and 3) to assess the use of sexed semen and reproductive hormones in improving reproductive efficiency of these cows. The research was done in the Meru area of Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess farm management, milk production and reproductive performance of 314 lactating cows. Two hundred smallholder farms were randomly selected from the entire sampling frame of active members of Naari Dairy Farmers Co-operative Society. Farms were visited once within the three month study period, a questionnaire administered to the farmers for risk factors associated with milk yield, and animals were examined for physical and reproductive health. A multivariable mixed linear regression model of log milk/cow/day was constructed; accounting for confounding, cow clustering within farms and days in milk. The average body condition score and milk produced were 2.4 and 6.7 kg/cow/day, respectively, with 43.4% of the cows having been bred or pregnant at the time. Almost a third of all lactating cows were anestrous, and the average days in milk was 300. In the multivariable model, log of milk yield was positively associated with increasing weight of the animals, feeding concentrates (dairy meal) on the last month of gestation, and increasing percentage of land allocated for growing fodder for dairy cows. The indigenous breed category was negatively associated with log of milk yield. Cycling and confirmed pregnant cows both had higher milk production than early pregnant and anestrous cows.
Strategies To Improve Bali Cattle In Eastern Indonesia
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Author : D. R. Lindsay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Strategies To Improve Bali Cattle In Eastern Indonesia written by D. R. Lindsay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Cattle categories.
The demand for beef continues to grow in response to increases in population and income. Satisfying this demand has been achieved by government sponsored expansion of the beef sector in some regions, importation of 'boxed' beef and live cattle, and increases in the off-take rate from established cattle populations. Such off-take from the Bali cattle heard in the Eastern Islands has led to speculation of a decline in numbers and loss of genetic merit of this important breed. Agaist this background ACIAR and CRIAS supported a project to provide a sound basis for government initiatives that support the Bali Cattle herd and the farmers who own and manage these cattle. The project considered the status of past and current breeding strategies and herd improvement programs, whether some of the concerns about herd size and quality are warranted, what breeding strategies would be best suited to the Eastern Islands, and what traits would be given highest priority in a breeding program. The project culminated in a workshop that brought together Indonesian and Australian expertise on Bali cattle production and herd improvement. These proceedings report input to that workshop and recommended strategies for the future development of the Bali cattle herd in eastern Indonesia.
Evaluation Of The Effects Of A Contract Breeding Program On Reproductive Efficiency In Ohio Dairy Herds
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Author : Cheyney Meadows
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Evaluation Of The Effects Of A Contract Breeding Program On Reproductive Efficiency In Ohio Dairy Herds written by Cheyney Meadows and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Dairy cattle categories.
Abstract: Reproductive inefficiency is a significant problem facing modern dairy herds. The research herein discusses issues related to reproductive efficiency of dairy herds in three distinct sections. The use of electronic herd records is an important component of troubleshooting a herd's reproductive performance. Herd record analysis must be coupled with a herd visit and clinical examinations of individual cows to try to identify factors that are limiting reproductive success. One component of this document describes methodology for monitoring reproductive performance of dairy herds and possible reasons for reproductive failure. While reproductive inefficiency is costly to dairy producers, loss estimates vary because of the conditions under which they are evaluated. Another aspect of this research has been the development of a model to be used for estimating economic effects of changes in reproductive performance under specific situations. It is shown that the magnitude of economic effects are sensitive to market prices faced by dairy producers as well as the herd's current level of reproductive performance. A very common management problem limiting reproductive efficiency in Ohio dairies is the failure to efficiently and accurately detect estrus. A novel approach to the estrus detection problem currently being offered to Ohio dairies is for producers to contract estrus detection activities and breeding decisions to outside parties. A field study involving 32 herds was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of such a reproductive management program. At the start of data acquisition, 16 of the herds were enrolled in the management program; two non-program herds began using the program and two program herds stopped using the program during the data acquisition phase. Electronic reproductive data was collected for at least 18 months on all participating herds and analyzed. Results indicated that the program was associated with statistically significant improvements in some aspects of reproductive performance. The program did not appear to affect economic performance.