The Evolution Of Inequality
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The Evolution Of Inequality
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Author : Manus I. Midlarsky
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1999
The Evolution Of Inequality written by Manus I. Midlarsky and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Political Science categories.
This book studies the structural inequalities between states as they evolve and influence the political process, analyzing various forms of political violence, the dissolution of states, and the sources of cooperation between states. The ultimate genesis of democracy is shown to be a consequence of the processes detailed in the book.
The Evolution Of Inequality In Productivity And Wages
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Author : Giulia Faggio
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Evolution Of Inequality In Productivity And Wages written by Giulia Faggio and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Industrial productivity categories.
There has been a remarkable increase in wage inequality in the US, UK and many other countries over the past three decades. A significant part of this appears to be within observable groups (such as age-gender-skill cells). A generally untested implication of many theories rationalizing the growth of within-group inequality is that firm-level productivity dispersion should also have increased. The relevant data for the US is problematic, so we utilize a UK panel dataset covering the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors since the early 1980s. We find evidence that productivity inequality has increased. Existing studies have underestimated this increased dispersion because they use data from the manufacturing sector which has been in rapid decline. Most of the increase in individual wage inequality has occurred because of an increase in inequality between firms (and within industries). Increased productivity dispersion appears to be linked with new technologies as suggested by models such as Caselli (1999) and is not primarily due to an increase in transitory shocks, greater sorting or entry/exit dynamics.
Origins Of Inequality In Human Societies
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Author : Bernd Baldus
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-07-28
Origins Of Inequality In Human Societies written by Bernd Baldus and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-28 with Social Science categories.
Since the beginning of social life human societies have faced the problem how to distribute the results of collaborative activities among the participants. The solutions they found ranged from egalitarian to unequal but caused more dissension and conflict than just about any other social structure in human history. Social inequality also dominated the agenda of the new field of sociology in the 19th century. The theories developed during that time still inform academic and public debates, and inequality continues to be the subject of much current controversy. Origins of Inequality begins with a critical assessment of classical explanations of inequality in the social sciences and the political and economic environment in which they arose. The book then offers a new theory of the evolution of distributive structures in human societies. It examines the interaction of chance, intent and unforeseen consequences in the emergence of social inequality, traces its irregular historical path in different societies, and analyses processes of social control which consolidated inequality even when it was costly or harmful for most participants. Because the evolution of distributive structures is an open process, the book also explores issues of distributive justice and options for greater equality in modern societies. Along with its focus on social inequality the book covers topics in cultural evolution, social and economic history and social theory. This book will appeal to scholars and advanced students of sociology, economics and anthropology – in particular sociological theory and social inequality.
Inequality And Evolution
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Author : Charles L. Ladner
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2020-12-01
Inequality And Evolution written by Charles L. Ladner and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
In 1976, there were 38 countries, comprising nearly 50% of the world’s population that self-identified as socialist states, yet by 1991, only one remained. In 1976, the annual GDP per capita of the 38 socialist countries (in inflation adjusted dollars) averaged approximately $5 thousand. By 1990 it had grown to about $8 thousand. During that same period, the GDP per capita, in comparable numbers, for the United States grew from $24 thousand to $36 thousand. The socialist countries never grew their per capita income to more than 22% of the United States. Even China, which today has an economy almost as large as the United States, never saw its per capita GDP grow beyond $2 thousand per year during the twenty-eight year period as a socialist state under Mao Zedong. But, after the death of Mao, China converted its economy to the capitalist model with spectacular success, lifting a billion people out of poverty and challenging the United States for worldwide economic supremacy-an outcome that would have been unthinkable under socialism. Why has capitalism proven to be such an extraordinary success and socialism such a miserable failure? Charles Ladner argues that the success or failure of economic systems can be traced to the degree to which such systems are congruent with the primal force of evolutionary natural selection. This is the most fundamental need of every living thing to survive and reproduce. He encapsulate these forces into the term: selfishness. Capitalism, he finds, is grounded in such selfishness or self-interest, and therefore is fully congruent with the biological needs which provide the aspirational motivation that cause capitalism at all times and in every place, to be successful. Socialism, on other hand, requires and cannot function without, authoritarian rule to suppress expressions of self-interest. Its operation at the level of the state, serves to frustrate the biological needs and thereby will always produce poverty and failure. The historical record, he says, categorically demonstrates this. Capitalism, however, has a fatal flaw, and that is its inability to restrain the expression of selfishness, which ultimately leads to such extremes of wealth and income inequality that the system can self-destruct. In the final chapters, Ladner offers possible remedies for the United States, which he believes is already in the very early stages of such self-destruction.
Changes In Population Inequality And Human Capital Formation In The Americas In The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries
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Author : Enriqueta Camps-Cura
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-06-26
Changes In Population Inequality And Human Capital Formation In The Americas In The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries written by Enriqueta Camps-Cura and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-26 with Business & Economics categories.
The evolution of inequality and its causes are of crucial importance to all scholars working in the social sciences. By focusing on the divergent development of North America and Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Camps-Cura offers a comparative perspective of the relationship between human capital expansion and inequality in the long run. The book also explores the variables of education and inequality on children, work and gender.
The Evolution And Determinants Of Wealth Inequality In The North Atlantic Anglo Sphere 1668 2013
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Author : Livio Di Matteo
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-05-16
The Evolution And Determinants Of Wealth Inequality In The North Atlantic Anglo Sphere 1668 2013 written by Livio Di Matteo and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-16 with Business & Economics categories.
This book focuses on wealth inequality trends in the North Atlantic Anglo-sphere countries of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States over the period from 1668 to 2013: a wider perspective than generally used when wealth inequality is discussed. This book demonstrates that it is important to put current dimensions of wealth inequality into historical context by looking at performance over the long run rather than simply a few decades. Moreover, this contribution compiles a substantial amount of data on estimates of wealth inequality and provides a concise overview of trends as well as the drivers of inequality over the long term. It serves as a short supplementary text for economics and sociology courses on economic inequality, economic history and social change—while remaining of interest to scholars and policymakers invested in equality debates of the past and present.
On The Evolution Of Income Inequality In The United States A Reprint From The Economic Quarterly
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date :
On The Evolution Of Income Inequality In The United States A Reprint From The Economic Quarterly written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Changing Inequalities And Societal Impacts In Rich Countries
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Author : Brian Nolan
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-01-30
Changing Inequalities And Societal Impacts In Rich Countries written by Brian Nolan and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-30 with Business & Economics categories.
There has been a remarkable upsurge of debate about increasing inequalities and their societal implications, reinforced by the economic crisis but bubbling to the surface before it. This has been seen in popular discourse, media coverage, political debate, and research in the social sciences. The central questions addressed by this book, and the major research project GINI on which it is based, are: - Have inequalities in income, wealth and education increased over the past 30 years or so across the rich countries, and if so why? - What are the social, cultural and political impacts of increasing inequalities in income, wealth and education? - What are the implications for policy and for the future development of welfare states? In seeking to answer these questions, this book adopts an interdisciplinary approach that draws on economics, sociology, and political science, and applies a common analytical framework to the experience of 30 advanced countries, namely all the EU member states except Cyprus and Malta, together with the USA, Japan, Canada, Australia and South Korea. It presents a description and analysis of the experience of each of these countries over the past three decades, together with an introduction, an overview of inequality trends, and a concluding chapter highlighting key findings and implications. These case-studies bring out the variety of country experiences and the importance of framing inequality trends in the institutional and policy context of each country if one is to adequately capture and understand the evolution of inequality and its impacts.
The Evolution Of World Income Inequality
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Author : Andrés Solimano
language : en
Publisher: Santiago, Chile : [United Nations], ECLAC
Release Date : 2001
The Evolution Of World Income Inequality written by Andrés Solimano and has been published by Santiago, Chile : [United Nations], ECLAC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Political Science categories.
In the last two centuries, the world has seen an unprecedented increase in the capacity to create material wealth and undergo technical change. At the same time, this is also a period of large disparities in income per head, living standards across and within countries and regions of the world. Large inequalities can eventually undermine global integration and social stability thus hampering long run growth prospects and the legitimacy of globalization. Policies to reduce global inequalities have to focus on raising growth rates of poorer countries, improving income distribution at the national level and facilitate some global redistribution to low-income nations.
The Globalization Of Inequality
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Author : François Bourguignon
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2017-01-24
The Globalization Of Inequality written by François Bourguignon and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-24 with Business & Economics categories.
Why national and international equality matter and what we can do to ensure a fairer world In The Globalization of Inequality, distinguished economist and policymaker François Bourguignon examines the complex and paradoxical links between a vibrant world economy that has raised the living standard of over half a billion people in emerging nations such as China, India, and Brazil, and the exponentially increasing inequality within countries. Exploring globalization's role in the evolution of inequality, Bourguignon takes an original and truly international approach to the decrease in inequality between nations, the increase in inequality within nations, and the policies that might moderate inequality’s negative effects. Demonstrating that in a globalized world it becomes harder to separate out the factors leading to domestic or international inequality, Bourguignon examines each trend through a variety of sources, and looks at how these inequalities sometimes balance each other out or reinforce one another. Factoring in the most recent economic crisis, Bourguignon investigates why inequality in some countries has dropped back to levels that have not existed for several decades, and he asks if these should be considered in the context of globalization or if they are in fact specific to individual nations. Ultimately, Bourguignon argues that it will be up to countries in the developed and developing world to implement better policies, even though globalization limits the scope for some potential redistributive instruments. An informed and original contribution to the current debates about inequality, this book will be essential reading for anyone who is interested in the future of the world economy.