The Evolution Of Potential Vat Revenues And C Efficiency In Advanced Economies
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The Evolution Of Potential Vat Revenues And C Efficiency In Advanced Economies
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Author : Mr.Junji Ueda
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-07-12
The Evolution Of Potential Vat Revenues And C Efficiency In Advanced Economies written by Mr.Junji Ueda and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-12 with Business & Economics categories.
To understand the cyclical movements of value-added tax (VAT) revenues in advanced economies, this paper analyzes changes in the C-efficiency ratio by decomposing it into changes in the compliance and policy gaps between 2000 and 2014. The results from a panel of EU member countries and Japan suggest that the cyclicality of C-efficiency is explained by the correlation of both gaps with the output gap. The cyclicality of the compliance gap appears to be short lived, and larger in countries with high compliance gaps. The cyclicality of the policy gaps largely reflects not changes in policy parameters, but rather, behavior-induced changes, notably in government consumption and, to a lesser degree, in the composition of household consumption.
Structural Transformation And Tax Efficiency
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Author : Mr.Serhan Cevik
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-03-15
Structural Transformation And Tax Efficiency written by Mr.Serhan Cevik and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Structural transformation has resulted in an increasing share of services in aggregate value-added in advanced and developing countries across the world. We analyze the impact of this shift into services on countries’ efficiency in collecting the value-added tax (VAT). The analysis is based on two alternative measures of VAT efficiency: (1) the VAT C-efficiency, using a broad panel of 134 countries over the period 1970-2014; and (2) the VAT gap using a more granular, proprietary dataset that draws on the results of IMF’s Revenue Administraion-Gap Analysis Program covering 24 countries over the period 2004-2016. We find that a higher share of services in aggregate value-added reduces the VAT efficiency, and that this adverse effect is mainly a result of a rise of non-tradable services, which in turn contributes to a narrowing of the VAT base.
Tax Revenue Response To The Business Cycle
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Author : Ms.Cemile Sancak
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2010-03-01
Tax Revenue Response To The Business Cycle written by Ms.Cemile Sancak and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper examines tax revenue during the business cycle by estimating the relationship between tax revenue efficiency and the output gap. We find a positive and significant relationship between these variables; results are consistent for quarterly and annual data, and across advanced and developing economies. We also find that a worsening (improvement) in the VAT C-efficiency is driven by shifts in consumption patterns and changes in tax evasion during contractions (expansions). A key implication is that, particularly during major economic booms and downturns, policy makers should look beyond simple, long-run revenue elasticities and incorporate into their analysis the effects of the economic cycle on tax revenue efficiency.
The Evolution Of Potential Vat Revenues And C Efficiency In Advanced Economies
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Author : Mr.Junji Ueda
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-07-11
The Evolution Of Potential Vat Revenues And C Efficiency In Advanced Economies written by Mr.Junji Ueda and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-11 with Business & Economics categories.
To understand the cyclical movements of value-added tax (VAT) revenues in advanced economies, this paper analyzes changes in the C-efficiency ratio by decomposing it into changes in the compliance and policy gaps between 2000 and 2014. The results from a panel of EU member countries and Japan suggest that the cyclicality of C-efficiency is explained by the correlation of both gaps with the output gap. The cyclicality of the compliance gap appears to be short lived, and larger in countries with high compliance gaps. The cyclicality of the policy gaps largely reflects not changes in policy parameters, but rather, behavior-induced changes, notably in government consumption and, to a lesser degree, in the composition of household consumption.
The Modern Vat
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Author : Liam P. Ebrill
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2001-11-05
The Modern Vat written by Liam P. Ebrill and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-11-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Value-added tax was first introduced less than 50 years ago. Today, it is a key component of tax systems around the world, and major source of government revenue in over 120 countries. The IMF has attached considerable importance to the proper design and implementation of the tax, and this book draws upon the work of the Fiscal Affairs Department (FAD) of the IMF. Over half of all countries that have introduced a VAT during the last twenty years have made use of FAD advice. The book considers a variety of issues regarding the development of the VAT, including: its nature, importance and spread; basic design issues; whether it is an effective and efficient method; revenue performance; collection costs; small countries and the VAT; the impact of international economic integration; and likely future developments.
The Value Added Tax And Growth Design Matters
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Author : Mr.Santiago Acosta Ormaechea
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-05-07
The Value Added Tax And Growth Design Matters written by Mr.Santiago Acosta Ormaechea and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Does the design of a tax matter for growth? Assembling a novel dataset for 30 OECD countries over the 1970-2016 period, this paper examines whether the value added tax (VAT) may have different effects on long-run growth depending on whether it is raised through the standard rate or through C-efficiency (a measure of the departure of the VAT from a perfectly enforced tax levied at a single rate on all consumption). Our key findings are twofold. First, for a given total tax revenue, a rise in the VAT, financed by a fall in income taxes, promotes growth only when the VAT is raised through C-efficiency. Second, for a given VAT revenue, a rise in Cefficiency, offset by a fall in the standard rate, also promotes growth. The implication is thus that in OECD countries broadening the VAT base through fewer reduced rates and exemptions is more conducive to higher long-run growth than a rise in the standard rate.
Revenue Mobilization In Developing Countries
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-08-03
Revenue Mobilization In Developing Countries written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-03 with Business & Economics categories.
The Fund has long played a lead role in supporting developing countries’ efforts to improve their revenue mobilization. This paper draws on that experience to review issues and good practice, and to assess prospects in this key area.
Current Challenges In Revenue Mobilization Improving Tax Compliance
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-01-29
Current Challenges In Revenue Mobilization Improving Tax Compliance written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-29 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper addresses core challenges that all tax administrations face in dealing with noncompliance—which are now receiving renewed attention. Long a priority in developing countries, assuring strong compliance has acquired greater priority in countries facing intensified revenue needs, and is critical for fairness and statebuilding. Series: Policy Papers
Progress Of The Personal Income Tax In Emerging And Developing Countries
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Author : Ms. Dora Benedek
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2022-01-28
Progress Of The Personal Income Tax In Emerging And Developing Countries written by Ms. Dora Benedek and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and redistributive impact. Notwithstanding, this paper shows that LIDCs and EMEs increased their PIT-to-GDP revenue by 110 and 48 percent, respectively, during the 1990-2019 period, a marked improvement in the PIT revenue performance. We find that this rise was driven primarily by economic developments and to a lesser extent by changes in the design of PIT systems. We also find that LIDCs that improved their tax-to-GDP ratios relied on a broader set of tax instruments and not exclusively on the PIT, suggesting that a successful revenue mobilization strategy of developing countries requires a comprehensive approach covering a wider range of taxes. Finally, using a newly assembled dataset of PIT characteristics of 157 countries over the 2006-2018 period, we estimate a novel redistribution index of the PIT in LIDCs. We show that the contribution of the PIT to inequality reductions has been significant.
From Stimulus To Consolidation
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Author : Juan Toro R.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2010-10-06
From Stimulus To Consolidation written by Juan Toro R. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-06 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper identifies policy tools that could be used for fiscal consolidation in advanced and emerging economies in the years ahead. The consolidation strategy, particularly in advanced countries, should aim to stabilize age-related spending in relation to GDP, reduce non-age-related expenditure ratios, and increase revenues. Bold reforms are needed to offset projected increases in age-related spending, particularly health care. On the revenue side, measures could include improving tax compliance, for example through better international cooperation, as well as increasing the yield from VAT by eliminating exemptions and reduced rates, further developing property taxes, and increasing excise rates within the range of rates already applicable in comparable countries.