The General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade And The Future Of International Trade
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Traders In A Brave New World
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Author : Ernest H. Preeg
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1995-12-15
Traders In A Brave New World written by Ernest H. Preeg and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-12-15 with Business & Economics categories.
The GATT was established in 1947 as a multilateral agreement on international trade. Of the eight rounds of negotiations, the Uruguay Round, covering the period from 1981 to 1994, had the widest participation and involved the most intensive negotiations. It was also the most comprehensive round, encompassing new areas such as trade in services and the protection of intellectual property, as well as longstanding problem areas such as agriculture and textiles. Most significantly, this round resulted in the establishment of a permanent World Trade Organization, which will provide the institutional basis for future international trade and a forum for settlement of disputes.
The General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade And The Future Of International Trade
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Author : General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1955
The General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade And The Future Of International Trade written by General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1955 with Foreign trade regulation categories.
World Trade Organization
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Author : Rachel F Fefer
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2019-04-05
World Trade Organization written by Rachel F Fefer and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-05 with categories.
Historically, the United States' leadership of the global trading system has ensured the United States a seat at the table to shape the international trade agenda in ways that both advance and defend U.S. interests. The evolution of U.S. leadership and the global trade agenda remain of interest to Congress, which holds constitutional authority over foreign commerce and establishes trade negotiating objectives and principles through legislation. Congress has recognized the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the "foundation of the global trading system" within trade promotion authority (TPA) and plays a direct legislative and oversight role over WTO agreements. The statutory basis for U.S. WTO membership is the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (P.L. 103-465), and U.S. priorities and objectives for the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/WTO have been reflected in various TPA legislation since 1974. Congress also has oversight of the U.S. Trade Representative and other agencies that participate in WTO meetings and enforce WTO commitments. The WTO is a 164-member international organization that was created to oversee and administer multilateral trade rules, serve as a forum for trade liberalization negotiations, and resolve trade disputes. The United States was a major force behind the establishment of the WTO in 1995, and the rules and agreements resulting from multilateral trade negotiations. The WTO encompassed and succeeded the GATT, established in 1947 among the United States and 22 other countries. Through the GATT and WTO, the United States, with other countries, sought to establish a more open, rules-based trading system in the postwar era, with the goal of fostering international economic cooperation and raising economic prosperity worldwide. Today, 98% of global trade is among WTO members. any observers are concerned that the effectiveness of the WTO has diminished since the collapse of the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, which began in 2001, and believe the WTO needs to adopt reforms to continue its role as the foundation of the global trading system. To date, WTO members have been unable to reach consensus for a new comprehensive multilateral agreement on trade liberalization and rules. While global supply chains and technology have transformed international trade and investment, global trade rules have not kept up with the pace of change. Many countries have turned to negotiating free trade agreements (FTAs) outside the WTO as well as plurilateral agreements involving subsets of WTO members rather than all members. Certain WTO members have begun to explore aspects of reform and future negotiations. Potential reforms concern the administration of the organization, its procedures and practices, and attempts to address the inability of WTO members to conclude new agreements. Proposed DS reforms also attempt to improve the working of the dispute settlement system, particularly the Appellate Body-the seven-member body that reviews appeals by WTO members of a panel's findings in a dispute case. Some U.S. frustrations with the WTO are not new and many are shared by other trading partners, such as the European Union. At the same time, the Administration's overall approach has spurred new questions regarding the future of U.S. leadership and U.S. priorities for improving the multilateral trading system. Concerns have emphasized that the Administration's recent actions to unilaterally raise tariffs under U.S. trade laws and to possibly impede the functioning of the dispute settlement system might undermine the credibility of the WTO system. A growing question of some observers is whether the WTO would flounder for lack of U.S. leadership, or whether other WTO members like the EU and China taking on larger roles would continue to make it a meaningful actor in the global trade environment.
The World Trade Organization And Trade In Services
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Author : Kern Alexander
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2007-12-31
The World Trade Organization And Trade In Services written by Kern Alexander and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-31 with Business & Economics categories.
The World Trade Organisation plays the primary role in regulating international trade in goods, services and intellectual property. Traditionally, international trade law and regulation has been analysed primarily from the trade-in-goods perspective. Services are becoming an important competence for the WTO. The institutional, legal and regulatory influence of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on domestic economic policymaking is attracting increasing attention in the academic and policymaking literature. The growing importance of services trade to the global economy makes the application of the GATS to trade in services an important concern of international economic policy. The GATS contains important innovations that build on the former GATT and existing WTO/GATT trade regime for goods. This book fills a void in the academic and policymaking literature by examining how the GATS governs international trade in services and its growing impact on the regulatory practice of WTO member states. It offers a unique discussion of the major is-sues confronting WTO member states by analysing the GATS and related international trade issues from a variety of perspectives that include law, political economy, regulation, and business. Moreover, the role of the WTO in promoting liberalised trade and economic development has come under serious strain because of the breakdown of the Doha Development Round negotiations. The book analyses the issues in the Doha services debate with some suggested policy approaches that might help build a more durable GATS framework. The book is a welcomed addition to the WTO literature and will serve as a point of reference for academics, policymakers and practitioners.
Global Trade
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Author : John J. Kirton
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-05-15
Global Trade written by John J. Kirton and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-15 with Political Science categories.
Trade has long been a core part of international relations. Bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral trade flows and agreements have arisen in many ways and in many areas over the centuries. From regional arrangements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, to the all-encompassing General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades and now the World Trade Organization, the system of global trade has seen struggles and successes alike. The traditional debate over liberalization and protectionism remains central today; and with ever-expanding globalization facing all states, the future of global trade seems to be no less controversial than it was centuries ago. By assembling the key scholarly works that have defined the field of global trade, this work addresses these debates and examines the past to see what the future of global trade might look like.
The Wto And The Multilateral Trading System
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Author : Bhagirath Lal Das
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
The Wto And The Multilateral Trading System written by Bhagirath Lal Das and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
This Book charts the evolution of the multilateral trading system over the last half-century and explores the future outlook for the intergovernmental body that constitutes its institutional base and which is responsible for governing the conduct of global commerce, the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The author, a leading authority on international trade, identifies the distinct trends that have characterised the historical progression of the system, from the formulation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 through the WTO's inception in 1995 to the present day. He examines how the GATT/WTO framework has traditionally been used by the major industrial nations as a vehicle to pursue their narrow economic and political interests, at the expense of Third World countries' development prospects. This North-South imbalance continues to pervade the multilateral trade regime today, in the form of inherent inequities in the WTO agreements and their implementation, and attempts to insert potentially damaging new issues into the WTO agenda. Further, this book traces the intimate links between these substantive deficiencies and the WTO's murky decision-making processes, which are dominated by its developed-country members to the detriment of the developing countries.
The History And Future Of The World Trade Organization
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Author : Craig VanGrasstek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The History And Future Of The World Trade Organization written by Craig VanGrasstek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
This comprehensive account of the establishment of the WTO focuses on those who shaped its creation as well as those who have influenced its evolution. It also examines trade negotiations, the WTO's dispute settlement role, the process of joining, and what lies ahead for the organization.
Lecture Notes In International Trade An Undergraduate Course
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Author : Priyaranjan Jha
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2020-09-21
Lecture Notes In International Trade An Undergraduate Course written by Priyaranjan Jha and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-21 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the economics of International Trade.Key questions related to why countries trade, how they gain from trade, and how international trade can produce winners and losers are answered. The last of these questions is related to the connection of trade to inequality in the distribution of income.The book uses both theoretical models and empirical evidence to answer these questions. It also provides a discussion of the economics of labor migration and international capital mobility. The book also provides a detailed discussion of the welfare implications of various trade policy instruments such as tariffs, quotas, export subsidies etc. This is followed by a discussion of the process of actual policymaking in democratic societies which goes into the realm of political economy. The focus here is on the political economy of trade policy. It also provides a discussion of the economics of preferential trading agreements and a history of multilateral trading agreements under the aegis of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and its evolution into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Accession To The World Trade Organization
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Author : Dylan Geraets
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2018
Accession To The World Trade Organization written by Dylan Geraets and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Business & Economics categories.
This detailed and perceptive book examines the extent and scope of how rules for accession to the WTO may vary between countries, approaching the concerns that some countries enter with a better deal than others. Dylan Geraets critiques these additional ‘rules’ and aims to answer the question of whether new Members of the WTO are under stricter rules than the original Members, whilst analysing the accession process to the multilateral trading system.
Developing Countries And The Multilateral Trading System
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Author : T. N. Srinivasan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-13
Developing Countries And The Multilateral Trading System written by T. N. Srinivasan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-13 with Political Science categories.
This book provides a historical perspective of the Uruguay Round agreement and focuses on the interaction between the developed and developing countries on matters relating to the global trading system and its disciplines since the founding of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.