The Generalised System Of Preferences And The World Trade Organisation
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The Generalised System Of Preferences And The World Trade Organisation
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Author : Juan Carlos Sánchez Arnau
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
The Generalised System Of Preferences And The World Trade Organisation written by Juan Carlos Sánchez Arnau and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Business & Economics categories.
Challenges To The Multilateral Trading System
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Author : Marco Wagner
language : en
Publisher: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft
Release Date : 2010
Challenges To The Multilateral Trading System written by Marco Wagner and has been published by Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Commercial treaties categories.
This dissertation investigates the efficiency of trade liberalization in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO) framework. The book analyzes the relationship between GATT/WTO and related international institutions, such as the Generalized System of Preferences and regional trade agreements. While the analyses are also based on theoretical models, the workhorse of the study is the well-known gravity model framework, in conjunction with vector auto-regressive analysis. The various analyses highlight the role of GATT/WTO as an important player in global trade: a) GATT/WTO has a substantial promoting effect on international trade; b) trade promotion of developing countries should best be served by GATT/WTO, rather than by preferential schemes under the Generalized System of Preferences; and c) GATT/WTO is not undermined by the proliferation of regional trade agreements - rather regional trade agreements stimulate multilateral trade liberalization under GATT/WTO. Dissertation.
Developing Countries And Enforcement Of Trade Agreements
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Author : Chad P. Bown
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007
Developing Countries And Enforcement Of Trade Agreements written by Chad P. Bown and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Commercial treaties categories.
Abstract: Poor countries are rarely challenged in formal World Trade Organization trade disputes for failing to live up to commitments, reducing the benefits of their participation in international trade agreements. This paper examines the political-economic causes of the failure to challenge poor countries, and discusses the static and dynamic costs and externality implications of this failure. Given the weak incentives to enforce World Trade Organization rules and disciplines against small and poor members, bolstering the transparency function of the World Trade Organization is important for making trade agreements more relevant to trade constituencies in developing countries. Although the paper focuses on the World Trade Organization system, the arguments also apply to reciprocal North-South trade agreements.
Law And Development Perspective On International Trade Law
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Author : Yong-Shik Lee
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-07-25
Law And Development Perspective On International Trade Law written by Yong-Shik Lee and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-25 with Law categories.
Economic development is the most important agenda in the international trading system today, as demonstrated by the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) adopted in the current multilateral trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization (the Doha Round). This book provides a relevant discussion of major international trade law issues from the perspective of development in the following areas: general issues on international trade law and economic development; and specific law and development issues in World Trade Organization, Free Trade Agreement and regional initiatives. This book offers an unparalleled breadth of coverage on the topic and diversity of authorship, as seventeen leading scholars contribute chapters from nine major developed and developing countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, China (including Hong Kong), South Korea, Australia, Singapore and Israel.
Generalized System Of Preferences Background And Renewal Debate
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Generalized System Of Preferences Background And Renewal Debate written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) provides duty-free tariff treatment to certain products imported from designated developing countries. The United States, the European Union, and other developed countries implemented such programs in the in the 1970s to promote economic growth in developing countries by stimulating their exports. The U.S. program (as established by Title V of the Trade Act of 1974) was last reauthorized through December 31, 2006 in section 4101 of the Trade Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-210). Congress may consider legislation (H.R. 6142) under suspension of the rules to, among other things, renew the preference for two years. H.R. 5070 seeks to renew the preference for one year and H.R. 6076 and its companion bill S. 3904 would renew GSP for two years. S. 191 seeks to extend AGOA-type benefits to certain Asian and Pacific least-developed countries, including an extension of GSP for these countries alone. In previous years that the GSP was set to expire, its subsequent renewal was generally considered noncontroversial. Even when the preference was allowed to lapse, as it has at several times in its history, it was widely expected that Congress would retroactively renew the preference. However, this year, due to the present impasse in multilateral trade talks in the World Trade Organization Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and congressional concerns regarding the inclusion of certain more advanced developing countries such as India and Brazil in the program, renewal of the preference seems more tenuous. This report presents a brief history, economic rationale, and legal background leading to the establishment of the GSP; a brief comparison of GSP programs worldwide, especially as they compare to the U.S. program; the U.S. implementation of the GSP and the present debate surrounding its renewal; an analysis of the U.S. program's effectiveness and the positions of various stakeholders; and possible implications of the expiration of the U.S. program.
Effective Market Access For Least Developed Countries Services Exports Case Study On Utilizing The World Trade Organization Services Waiver In Cambodia
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Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
language : en
Publisher: United Nations
Release Date : 2020-06-29
Effective Market Access For Least Developed Countries Services Exports Case Study On Utilizing The World Trade Organization Services Waiver In Cambodia written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and has been published by United Nations this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-29 with Political Science categories.
The LDC Waiver is a legal tool that enables WTO Members to sidestep their obligation to treat all services imports equally under the Most-Favoured Nation (MFN) clause through the granting preferential treatment to services and service exporters from a Least Developed Country (LDC). It is similar to the Enabling Clause for goods within the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), except that the Waiver only benefits LDCs, not all developing countries. It operates thus as an LDC-only Enabling Clause for services. The Waiver only enables preferences, it does not require WTO Members to grant them, nor provide them with specific ideas or tools to facilitate LDCs exports into their markets. This paper presents the findings of the pilot study on Cambodia. Focusing on a selection of services sectors of particular export interest to Cambodia, this case-study assesses, where appropriate on an anecdotal basis, whether and to what extent the preferences granted by WTO Members respond to the market access, regulatory and other barriers experienced by Cambodias services exporters in their export market(s). By converging all available sources of information, the analysis aims to identify the relevance of the notified preferences for Cambodias services exports, possible gaps and opportunities for further development of improved market access mechanisms, as well as its utilization by LDCS services exporters.
Effective Market Access For Least Developed Countries Services Exports An Analysis Of The World Trade Organization Services Waiver For Least Developed Countries
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Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
language : en
Publisher: United Nations
Release Date : 2020-06-25
Effective Market Access For Least Developed Countries Services Exports An Analysis Of The World Trade Organization Services Waiver For Least Developed Countries written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and has been published by United Nations this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-25 with Political Science categories.
The LDC Waiver is a legal tool that enables WTO Members to sidestep their obligation to treat all services imports equally under the Most-Favoured Nation (MFN) clause through the granting preferential treatment to services and service exporters from a Least Developed Country (LDC). It is similar to the Enabling Clause for goods within the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), except that the Waiver only benefits LDCs, not all developing countries. It operates thus as an LDC-only Enabling Clause for services. The Waiver only enables preferences, it does not require WTO Members to grant them, nor provide them with specific ideas or tools to facilitate LDCs exports into their markets. Four country specific papers related to service exports in Cambodia, Nepal, Senegal and Zambia were undertaken with a view to help identify, design and implement smart mechanisms to facilitate LDCs services exports. This paper draws upon the insights and findings of those four country papers to provide a condensed overview that will help LDCs increase their services exports.
Trade Preference Erosion
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009-04-15
Trade Preference Erosion written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-15 with Political Science categories.
The multilateral trade system rests on the principle of nondiscrimination. Unilateral trade preferences granted by developed countries can help beneficiary countries but can create tensions between 'preferred' developing countries typically beneficiaries from pre-existing colonial regimes and other developing countries. There is also concern about the potential erosion of these preferences through trade liberalization in the importing countries, an issue that has been important in the current negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda of the World Trade Organization. 'Trade Preference Erosion' provides the information needed to make informed assessments of the benefits of trade preferences for developing countries, the risks associated with the erosion of these benefits, and policy options for dealing with these problems. The authors provide detailed analyses of specific preference programs and undertake cross-country, disaggregated analyses of the impact of preferences at the product level. Understanding the likely impacts of these programs and how those impacts are distributed is a precondition for formulating appropriate policy responses. The authors argue that such responses need to go beyond trade policies and need to include a focus on enhancing the competitiveness and supply-side capacity of developing countries. This book is a useful and informative guide for policy makers, non-governmental organizations, and others who wish to better understand the debate on the magnitude and impact of preference erosion.
Developing Countries And Enforcement Of Trade Agreements
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Author : Chad P. Bown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Developing Countries And Enforcement Of Trade Agreements written by Chad P. Bown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Poor countries are rarely challenged in formal World Trade Organization trade disputes for failing to live up to commitments, reducing the benefits of their participation in international trade agreements. This paper examines the political-economic causes of the failure to challenge poor countries, and discusses the static and dynamic costs and externality implications of this failure. Given the weak incentives to enforce World Trade Organization rules and disciplines against small and poor members, bolstering the transparency function of the World Trade Organization is important for making trade agreements more relevant to trade constituencies in developing countries. Although the paper focuses on the World Trade Organization system, the arguments also apply to reciprocal North-South trade agreements.
Most Favoured Nation Treatment
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Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Most Favoured Nation Treatment written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Political Science categories.
The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.