The Genetics Of Hybrid Incompatibility Early In The Speciation Continuum
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The Genetics Of Hybrid Incompatibility Early In The Speciation Continuum
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Author : Eric T. Watson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Genetics Of Hybrid Incompatibility Early In The Speciation Continuum written by Eric T. Watson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Biodiversity categories.
Species are discrete groups of organisms that are reproductively isolated from other related groups of organisms. Variation in the strength of reproductive isolation between closely related taxa falls along a 'speciation continuum', from weakly isolated structured populations to fully isolated sister species. Efforts to understand the genetics of speciation have focused primarily on developmental defects in hybrids (intrinsic postzygotic isolation) leading to sterility or inviability. Once speciation is complete, species continue to diverge as a result of mutation, genetic drift, and selection, and new forms of reproductive isolation may continue to accumulate. Therefore, at later stages in the 'speciation continuum', it is unclear whether a given isolating barrier is a cause, or a consequence of speciation. In my dissertation, I focus on the genetics of intrinsic postzygotic isolation occurring early in the 'speciation continuum' at the onset of speciation. In chapter 1, I highlight where the assumptions of dominance theory are particularly problematic in marsupials, where X inactivation uniformly results in silencing the paternal X. I then present evidence of Haldane's rule for sterility but not for viability in marsupials, as well as the first violations of Haldane's rule for these traits among all mammals. Marsupials represent a large taxonomic group possessing heteromorphic sex chromosomes, where the dominance theory cannot explain Haldane's rule. In this light, I evaluate alternative explanations for the pre- ponderance of male sterility in interspecific hybrids, including faster male evolution, X-Y interactions, and genomic conflict hypotheses. In chapter 2, I revisit three mechanisms highlighted by Rose and Doolittle (1983) as a convenient conceptual scaffold for understanding the variety of ways TEs might directly, or indirectly, cause reproductive incompatibility. In chapter 3, I describe an example of hybrid incompatibility (called "still") segregating in F1 hybrids between populations of T. castaneum, whereby affected offspring exhibit a suite of maladaptive traits upon eclosion from the pupal stage. To investigate the genetic cause of the still phenotype, I sequenced the genomes of still and normal siblings using pooled-DNA and employed a genome scan approach that compares allele frequencies between extremely discordant sib pairs (still vs normal) to identify discordant alleles. In total, I identified 97 genes with significantly discordant non-synonymous SNPs between still and normal siblings. An additional 355 genes possess nucleotide changes that are either synonymous, or non-coding (i.e. occur in introns or within 1000kb upstream or downstream). Interestingly, a set of 19 candidate loci were recently identified as candidate phosphine resistance genes. Phosphine is an insecticidal fumigant which acts as a metabolic toxin by targeting redox reactions, and is used worldwide in grain storage and processing facilities. The Chicago population was collected over 7 decades aco, predating the use of phosphine, while Tanzania populations were potentially subjected to 30 years, or roughly 330 generations of routine phosphine exposure before it was collected and kept in the laboratory. I discuss this observation in light of the role of genetic conflict in generating hybrid incompatibilities, especially where they are still segregating early in the 'speciation continuum'. vi Table of Contents Acknowledgements....................................................................................
Encyclopedia Of Evolutionary Biology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-04-14
Encyclopedia Of Evolutionary Biology written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-14 with Science categories.
Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology, Four Volume Set is the definitive go-to reference in the field of evolutionary biology. It provides a fully comprehensive review of the field in an easy to search structure. Under the collective leadership of fifteen distinguished section editors, it is comprised of articles written by leading experts in the field, providing a full review of the current status of each topic. The articles are up-to-date and fully illustrated with in-text references that allow readers to easily access primary literature. While all entries are authoritative and valuable to those with advanced understanding of evolutionary biology, they are also intended to be accessible to both advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Broad topics include the history of evolutionary biology, population genetics, quantitative genetics; speciation, life history evolution, evolution of sex and mating systems, evolutionary biogeography, evolutionary developmental biology, molecular and genome evolution, coevolution, phylogenetic methods, microbial evolution, diversification of plants and fungi, diversification of animals, and applied evolution. Presents fully comprehensive content, allowing easy access to fundamental information and links to primary research Contains concise articles by leading experts in the field that ensures current coverage of each topic Provides ancillary learning tools like tables, illustrations, and multimedia features to assist with the comprehension process
Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society Of London
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society Of London written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Biology categories.
Each issue of Transactions B is devoted to a specific area of the biological sciences, including clinical science. All papers are peer reviewed and edited to the highest standards. Published on the 29th of each month, Transactions B is essential reading for all biologists.
Gene Expression Differences In Hybrids At Beginning Of Speciation Continuum
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Author : Nicholas A. Long
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Gene Expression Differences In Hybrids At Beginning Of Speciation Continuum written by Nicholas A. Long and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The formation of new species results from reproductive isolation, or the barrier to successful mating between organisms of divergent populations. The degree of reproductive isolation can be measured by the reduction in fitness of hybrid offspring that can result from incompatibilities between the genotypes of each parent. In this study, genetic incompatibilities arising at the earliest stage of speciation are examined between intraspecific hybrids in which an effectively sterile hybrid phenotype termed "still" is observed at ~50% frequency in crosses between divergent populations of Tribolium castaneum. Timing and magnitude of gene expression regulation is examined at four stages of development, two pupal and two adult. Gene interactions are examined on a systemic level to elucidate proximal mechanisms for misregulation such as allele bias and alternative splicing. Further evidence is put forth for phosphine resistance as a possible driver of the genetic incompatibility behind "still." Misregulated genes exhibit functional enrichment across developmental timepoints for oxidative damage, neuromuscular function, and chromosome structure.
Speciation In Plants And Animals
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Author : Richard J. Abbott
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Speciation In Plants And Animals written by Richard J. Abbott and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Biogeography categories.
Genetics And Ecology In Contact Zones Of Populations
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Genetics And Ecology In Contact Zones Of Populations written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Life zones categories.
Evolution
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Author : M. E. N. Majerus
language : en
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Release Date : 1996
Evolution written by M. E. N. Majerus and has been published by Prentice Hall this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Science categories.
Evolution is the core theme that underpins modern biology teaching and understanding.
The Princeton Guide To Evolution
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Author : David A. Baum
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-21
The Princeton Guide To Evolution written by David A. Baum and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-21 with Science categories.
The essential one-volume reference to evolution The Princeton Guide to Evolution is a comprehensive, concise, and authoritative reference to the major subjects and key concepts in evolutionary biology, from genes to mass extinctions. Edited by a distinguished team of evolutionary biologists, with contributions from leading researchers, the guide contains some 100 clear, accurate, and up-to-date articles on the most important topics in seven major areas: phylogenetics and the history of life; selection and adaptation; evolutionary processes; genes, genomes, and phenotypes; speciation and macroevolution; evolution of behavior, society, and humans; and evolution and modern society. Complete with more than 100 illustrations (including eight pages in color), glossaries of key terms, suggestions for further reading on each topic, and an index, this is an essential volume for undergraduate and graduate students, scientists in related fields, and anyone else with a serious interest in evolution. Explains key topics in some 100 concise and authoritative articles written by a team of leading evolutionary biologists Contains more than 100 illustrations, including eight pages in color Each article includes an outline, glossary, bibliography, and cross-references Covers phylogenetics and the history of life; selection and adaptation; evolutionary processes; genes, genomes, and phenotypes; speciation and macroevolution; evolution of behavior, society, and humans; and evolution and modern society
Clonal Forestry I
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Author : Mulkh-Raj Ahuja
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Clonal Forestry I written by Mulkh-Raj Ahuja and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Clonal forestry has come of age. Basic techniques in genetics and biotechnology of other organisms are generally applicable to forest trees. However, there are some differences, in particular in the juvenile- and maturation-related regeneration. Examined here are crucial topics of juvenility, maturation and rejuvenation in clonal propagation of trees. In addition, the genetics of clones, population biology of clonal deployment, propagation and field testing of clones, clone identification, clonal physiology, regeneration and variation in plant tissue cultures, the role of somatic embryogenesis in clonal forestry, and recent developments in biotechnology, including the molecular structure of trees and gene transfer are covered in depth.
Neanderthals Revisited
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Author : Katerina Harvati
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-03-14
Neanderthals Revisited written by Katerina Harvati and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-14 with Social Science categories.
This volume presents the cutting-edge research of leading scientists, re-examining the major debates in Neanderthal research with the use of innovative methods and exciting new theoretical approaches. Coverage includes the re-evaluation of Neanderthal anatomy, inferred adaptations and habitual activities, developmental patterns, phylogenetic relationships, and the Neanderthal extinction; new methods include computer tomography, 3D geometric morphometrics, ancient DNA and bioenergetics. The book offers fresh insight into both Neanderthals and modern humans.