The Geographical Pivot Of History
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The Geographical Pivot Of History
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Author : Halford John Mackinder
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1904
The Geographical Pivot Of History written by Halford John Mackinder and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1904 with Geography categories.
The Scope And Methods Of Geography
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Author : Sir Halford John Mackinder
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-02-17
The Scope And Methods Of Geography written by Sir Halford John Mackinder and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-17 with Science categories.
The Scope and Methods of Geography was a manifesto for the New Geography, in which he viewed physical geography and human geography as a single discipline.
Global Geostrategy
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Author : Brian Blouet
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-05-13
Global Geostrategy written by Brian Blouet and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with History categories.
This is a new examination of Halford Mackinder’s seminal global geostrategic work, from the perspective of geography, diplomatic history, political science, international relations, imperial history, and the space age. Mackinder was a man ahead of his time. He foresaw many of the key strategic issues that came to dominate the twentieth century. Until the disintegration of the Soviet Union, western defence strategists feared that one power, or alliance, might come to dominate Eurasia. Admiral Mahan discussed this issue in The Problem of Asia (1900) but Mackinder made the most authoritative statement in "The Geographical Pivot of History" (1904). He argued that in the "closed Heart-Land of Euroasia" was a strategically placed region, with great resources, that if controlled by one force could be the basis of a World Empire. James Kurth, in Foreign Affairs, has commented that it has taken two World Wars and the Cold War to prevent Mackinder’s prophecy becoming reality. In World War I and World War II Germany achieved huge territorial gains at the expense of the Russian empire and the Soviet Union. In the former conflict the Russian empire was defeated by Germany but the western powers insisted that the territorial gains made by Germany, at the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, be given up. In World War II Britain and the US gave material support to Stalin’s totalitarian regime to prevent Nazi Germany gaining control of the territory and resources that might have been a basis for world domination. The west, highly conscious of Mackinder’s dictum (1919) that "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland," quickly adopted policies to contain the Soviet Union. History has therefore proved Mackinder’s work to be of vital importance to generations of strategic thinking and he remains a key influence in the new millennium. This book will be of great interest to all students and scholars of strategic studies and military history and of geopolitics in particular.
Political Geography
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Author : Mark Blacksell
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2006
Political Geography written by Mark Blacksell and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Political Science categories.
Mark Blacksell gives a concise introduction to the key themes in political geography and moves beyond the study of the state to encompass the spatial consequences of power at all levels.
The Arthashastra
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Author : Kautilya
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2000-10-14
The Arthashastra written by Kautilya and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-10-14 with Literary Criticism categories.
An extraordinary detailed manual on statecraft and the science of living by one of classical India's greatest minds; Kautilya; also known as Chanakya and Vishnugupta; wrote the Arthashastra not later than 150 AD though the date has not been conclusively established. Legend has it that he was either a Brahmin from Kerala or from north India; however; it is certain that Kautilya was the man who destroyed the Nanda dynasty and installed Chandragupta Maurya as the King of Magadha. A master strategist who was well-versed in the Vedas and adept at creating intrigues and devising political stratagems; Kautilya's genius is reflected in his Arthashastra which is the most comprehensive treatise of statecraft of classical times. The text contains fifteen books which cover numerous topics viz.; the King; a complete code of law; foreign policy; secret and occult practices and so on. The Arthashastra is written mainly in prose but also incorporates 380 shlokas. Artha; literally wealth; is one of four supreme aims prescribed by Hindu tradition. However; it has a much wider significance and the material well-being of individuals is just a part of it. In accordance with this; Kautilya's Arthashastra maintains that the state or government of a country has a vital role to play in maintaining the material status of both the nation and its people. Therefore; a significant part of the Arthashastra has to do with the science of economics. When it deals with the science of politics; the Arthashastra describes in detail the art of government in its widest sense—the maintenance of law and order as also of an efficient administrative machinery.
The Frontier Complex
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Author : Kyle J. Gardner
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-01-21
The Frontier Complex written by Kyle J. Gardner and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-21 with History categories.
Reveals how British imperial border-making in the Himalayas transformed a crossroads into a borderland and geography into politics.
Geopolitics Geography And Strategic History
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Author : Geoffrey Sloan
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-02-17
Geopolitics Geography And Strategic History written by Geoffrey Sloan and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-17 with History categories.
This work explains the course of international politics from the rebirth of the German Empire to the rise of China, with particular, though not exclusive, reference to spatial relationships.
Geopolitics Geography And Strategy
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Author : Colin S. Gray
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-01-14
Geopolitics Geography And Strategy written by Colin S. Gray and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with History categories.
Geopolitical conditions influence all strategic behaviour - even when cooperation among different kinds of military power is expected as the norm, action has to be planned and executed in specific physical environments. The geographical world cannot be avoided, and it happens to be 'organized' into land, sea, air and space - and possibly the electromagnetic spectrum including 'cyberspace'. Although the meaning of geography for strategy is a perpetual historical theme, explicit theory on the subject is only one hundred years old. Ideas about the implication of geographical, especially spatial, relationships for political power - which is to say 'geopolitics'- flourished early in the twentieth century. Divided into theory and practice sections, this volume covers the big names such as Mackinder, Mahan and Haushofer, as well as looking back at the vital influence of weather and geography on naval power in the long age of sail (sixteenth to nineteenth centuries). It also looks forward to the consequences of the revival of geopolitics in post-Soviet Russia and the new space-based field of "astropolitics".
The Revenge Of Geography
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Author : Robert D. Kaplan
language : en
Publisher: Random House Trade Paperbacks
Release Date : 2013-09-10
The Revenge Of Geography written by Robert D. Kaplan and has been published by Random House Trade Paperbacks this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-10 with Political Science categories.
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • In this “ambitious and challenging” (The New York Review of Books) work, the bestselling author of Monsoon and Balkan Ghosts offers a revelatory prism through which to view global upheavals and to understand what lies ahead for continents and countries around the world. In The Revenge of Geography, Robert D. Kaplan builds on the insights, discoveries, and theories of great geographers and geopolitical thinkers of the near and distant past to look back at critical pivots in history and then to look forward at the evolving global scene. Kaplan traces the history of the world’s hot spots by examining their climates, topographies, and proximities to other embattled lands. The Russian steppe’s pitiless climate and limited vegetation bred hard and cruel men bent on destruction, for example, while Nazi geopoliticians distorted geopolitics entirely, calculating that space on the globe used by the British Empire and the Soviet Union could be swallowed by a greater German homeland. Kaplan then applies the lessons learned to the present crises in Europe, Russia, China, the Indian subcontinent, Turkey, Iran, and the Arab Middle East. The result is a holistic interpretation of the next cycle of conflict throughout Eurasia. Remarkably, the future can be understood in the context of temperature, land allotment, and other physical certainties: China, able to feed only 23 percent of its people from land that is only 7 percent arable, has sought energy, minerals, and metals from such brutal regimes as Burma, Iran, and Zimbabwe, putting it in moral conflict with the United States. Afghanistan’s porous borders will keep it the principal invasion route into India, and a vital rear base for Pakistan, India’s main enemy. Iran will exploit the advantage of being the only country that straddles both energy-producing areas of the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. Finally, Kaplan posits that the United States might rue engaging in far-flung conflicts with Iraq and Afghanistan rather than tending to its direct neighbor Mexico, which is on the verge of becoming a semifailed state due to drug cartel carnage. A brilliant rebuttal to thinkers who suggest that globalism will trump geography, this indispensable work shows how timeless truths and natural facts can help prevent this century’s looming cataclysms.