The Geometry And Growth Of Normal Faults
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The Geometry And Growth Of Normal Faults
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Author : C. Childs
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2017-11-06
The Geometry And Growth Of Normal Faults written by C. Childs and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-06 with Science categories.
Normal faults are the primary structures that accommodate extension of the brittle crust. This volume provides an up-to-date overview of current research into the geometry and growth of normal faults. The 23 research papers present the findings of outcrop and subsurface studies of the geometrical evolution of faults from a number of basins worldwide, complemented by analogue and numerical modelling studies of fundamental aspects of fault kinematics. The topics addressed include how fault length changes with displacement, how faults interact with one another, the controls of previous structure on fault evolution and the nature and origin of fault-related folding. This volume will be of interest to those wishing to develop a better understanding of the structural geological aspects of faulting, from postgraduate students to those working in industry.
The Geometry Of Normal Faults
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Author : Alan Michael Roberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
The Geometry Of Normal Faults written by Alan Michael Roberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Faults (Geology) categories.
This volume is divided into four sections, dealing with: the geometry and kinematics of large-scale, crustal-stretching faults which typically delimit major hydrocarbon accumulations; case studies ranging from the small-scale fractures associated with the movement of salt to the large-scale intra-plate kinematics of whole fault arrays; studies of detailed displacement patterns shown by individual faults and small fault arrays; and modelling studies of normal fault geometry.
Fault Propagation Folding And The Growth Of Normal Faults
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Author : Paul S. Whipp
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Fault Propagation Folding And The Growth Of Normal Faults written by Paul S. Whipp and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Extensional Tectonics Faulting And Related Processes
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Author : Robert E. Holdsworth
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2002
Extensional Tectonics Faulting And Related Processes written by Robert E. Holdsworth and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Continental drift categories.
Fault Related Deformation Over Geologic Time
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Author : Peter James Lovely
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Fault Related Deformation Over Geologic Time written by Peter James Lovely and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
A thorough understanding of the kinematic and mechanical evolution of fault-related structures is of great value, both academic (e.g. How do mountains form?) and practical (e.g. How are valuable hydrocarbons trapped in fault-related folds?). Precise knowledge of the present-day geometry is necessary to know where to drill for hydrocarbons. Understanding the evolution of a structure, including displacement fields, strain and stress history, may offer powerful insights to how and if hydrocarbons might have migrated, and the most efficient way to extract them. Small structures, including faults, fractures, pressure solution seams, and localized compaction, which may strongly influence subsurface fluid flow, may be predictable with a detailed mechanical understanding of a structure's evolution. The primary focus of this thesis is the integration of field observations, geospatial data including airborne LiDAR, and numerical modeling to investigate three dimensional deformational patterns associated with fault slip accumulated over geologic time scales. The work investigates contractional tectonics at Sheep Mountain anticline, Greybull, WY, and extensional tectonics at the Volcanic Tableland, Bishop, CA. A detailed geometric model is a necessary prerequisite for complete kinematic or mechanical analysis of any structure. High quality 3D seismic imaging data provides the means to characterize fold geometry for many subsurface industrial applications; however, such data is expensive, availability is limited, and data quality is often poor in regions of high topography where outcrop exposures are best. A new method for using high resolution topographic data, geologic field mapping and numerical interpolation is applied to model the 3D geometry of a reservoir-scale fold at Sheep Mountain anticline. The Volcanic Tableland is a classic field site for studies of fault slip scaling relationships and conceptual models for evolution of normal faults. Three dimensional elastic models are used to constrain subsurface fault geometry from detailed maps of fault scarps and topography, and to reconcile two potentially competing conceptual models for fault growth: by coalescence and by subsidiary faulting. The Tableland fault array likely initiated as a broad array of small faults, and as some have grown and coalesced, their strain shadows have inhibited the growth and initiation of nearby faults. The Volcanic Tableland also is used as a geologic example in a study of the capabilities and limitations of mechanics-based restoration, a relatively new approach to modeling in structural geology that provides distinct advantages over traditional kinematic methods, but that is significantly hampered by unphysical boundary conditions. The models do not accurately represent geological strain and stress distributions, as many have hoped. A new mechanics-based retrodeformational technique that is not subject to the same unphysical boundary conditions is suggested. However, the method, which is based on reversal of tectonic loads that may be optimized by paleostress analysis, restores only that topography which may be explained by an idealized elastic model. Elastic models are appealing for mechanical analysis of fault-related deformation because the linear nature of such models lends itself to retrodeformation and provides computationally efficient and stable numerical implementation for simulating slip distributions and associated deformation in complicated 3D fault systems. However, cumulative rock deformation is not elastic. Synthetic models are applied to investigate the implications of assuming elastic deformation and frictionless fault slip, as opposed to a more realistic elasto-plastic deformation with frictional fault slip. Results confirm that elastic models are limited in their ability to simulate geologic stress distributions, but that they may provide a reasonable, first-order approximation of strain tensor orientation and the distribution of relative strain perturbations, particularly distal from fault tips. The kinematics of elastic and elasto-plastic models diverge in the vicinity of fault tips. Results emphasize the importance of accurately and completely representing subsurface fault geometry in linear or nonlinear models.
Understanding Faults
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Author : David Tanner
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-10-08
Understanding Faults written by David Tanner and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-08 with Science categories.
Understanding Faults: Detecting, Dating, and Modeling offers a single resource for analyzing faults for a variety of applications, from hazard detection and earthquake processes, to geophysical exploration. The book presents the latest research, including fault dating using new mineral growth, fault reactivation, and fault modeling, and also helps bridge the gap between geologists and geophysicists working across fault-related disciplines. Using diagrams, formulae, and worldwide case studies to illustrate concepts, the book provides geoscientists and industry experts in oil and gas with a valuable reference for detecting, modeling, analyzing and dating faults. Presents cutting-edge information relating to fault analysis, including mechanical, geometrical and numerical models, theory and methodologies Includes calculations of fault sealing capabilities Describes how faults are detected, what fault models predict, and techniques for dating fault movement Utilizes worldwide case studies throughout the book to concretely illustrate key concepts
Analogue And Numerical Modelling Of Crustal Scale Processes
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Author : Susanne Janita Henriët Buiter
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2006
Analogue And Numerical Modelling Of Crustal Scale Processes written by Susanne Janita Henriët Buiter and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Earth categories.
The crust of the Earth records the deformational processes of the inner Earth and the influence of the overlying atmosphere. The state of the Earth's crust at any time is therefore the result of internal and external processes, which occur on different time and spatial scales. In recent years important steps forward in the understanding of such complex processes have been made by integrating theory and observations with experimental and computer models. This volume presents state-of-the-art analogue and numerical models of processes that alter the Earth's crust. It shows the application of models in a broad range of geological problems with careful documentation of the modelling approach used. This volume contains contributions on analogue and numerical sandbox models, models of orogenic processes, models of sedimentary basins, models of surface processes and deformation, and models of faults and fluid flow.
Planetary Tectonics
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Author : Thomas R. Watters
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010
Planetary Tectonics written by Thomas R. Watters and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Science categories.
This book is an essential reference volume that surveys tectonic landforms on solid bodies throughout the Solar System.
Passive Margins
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Author : K.R. McClay
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2020-07-01
Passive Margins written by K.R. McClay and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-01 with Science categories.
This volume has evolved from papers written in memory of Professor David Roberts. They summarize the key findings of recent research on passive margins, from tectonics, bathymetry, stratigraphy and sedimentation, structural evolution and magmatism. Papers include analyses of the central and southern Atlantic margins of South America and Africa, papers on magmatism and extension in the NE Brazilian margin and on the Cote de Ivoire margin, rift architectures of the NW Red Sea margin, tectonics of the eastern Mediterranean margin, salt tectonics of passive margins of the Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, and papers on the NW Shelf margin of Australia. The volume provides readers with new insights into the complexities of passive margin systems that are in reality, not so passive.
The Nature And Tectonic Significance Of Fault Zone Weakening
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Author : Robert E. Holdsworth
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2001
The Nature And Tectonic Significance Of Fault Zone Weakening written by Robert E. Holdsworth and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Fault zones categories.
Many faults appears to form persistent zones of weakness that fundamentally influence the distribution, arichitecture and movement patterns of crustal-scale deformation and associated processes in both continental and oceanic regions. They act as conduits for the focused migration of economically important fluids and also constitute one of the most important global geological hazards. This book brings together papers by an international group of Earth Scientists to discuss a broad range of topics centred upon the controls of fault weakening and the role of such faults during lithosphere deformation.