The Global Greenhouse Regime
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The Global Greenhouse Regime
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Author : Kirk R. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-12-16
The Global Greenhouse Regime written by Kirk R. Smith and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-16 with Political Science categories.
Effective policies to prevent global warming and climatic change are urgently required by the world community. However, international negotiations on this issue repeatedly come up against the problems of allocating responsibility for the greenhouse effect, and bearing the costs of remedying the situation.;This volume offers a multidisciplinary response to the challenge. It presents the scientific, economic and political issues and goes on to describe the policy options available. The different ways of determining responsibility for greenhouse gases and calculating obligations to pay for hazards to the environment are analyzed. The contributors examine the implications for various countries, while a concluding chapter explores climatic change negotations - what is at stake, and for whom.
The Global Greenhouse Regime
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Author : Peter Hayes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
The Global Greenhouse Regime written by Peter Hayes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
Greenhouse Warming
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Greenhouse Warming written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.
Controlling The Greenhouse Effect
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Author : Joshua M. Epstein
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2010-12-01
Controlling The Greenhouse Effect written by Joshua M. Epstein and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-01 with Political Science categories.
Roughly 30 percent of the solar radiation directed toward the earth is reflected directly back into outer space. The remaining 70 percent is absorbed by earth and re-emitted outward as long-wave—or infra-red—radiation. While transparent to incoming solar radiation, certain gases--notably carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons—absorb, or "trap," this outgoing infra-red radiation near the earth's surface, producing an increase in temperature. This is the so-called greenhouse effect. The greater the concentration of these greenhouse gases, the more pronounced will be the effect. Despite uncertainties, the scientific consensus recorded at Villach, Austria, in 1985 was that "the understanding of the greenhouse question is sufficiently developed that scientists and policy-makers should begin an active collaboration to explore the effectiveness of alternatives and adjustments." The recent scientific assessment of climate change, conducted under the auspices of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, has only strengthened the view that a concerted multilateral response is called for.
National Governance And The Global Climate Change Regime
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Author : Dana Fisher
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2004
National Governance And The Global Climate Change Regime written by Dana Fisher and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Political Science categories.
This book follows the groundbreaking Kyoto Protocol from the time of its drafting in 1997 to analyze its viability as an environmental treaty. Dana R. Fisher uses a valuable combination of substantive interview data and country case studies to understand the complexity of the domestic and international debates taking place around the Protocol. With its unique blend of quantitative and qualitative data, this study presents compelling evidence that domestic interests are crucial in the formation of international environmental policymaking.
The International Climate Regime And Its Driving Forces Obstacles And Chances On The Way To A Global Response To The Problem Of Climate Change
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Author : Ben Witthaus
language : en
Publisher: Diplomica Verlag
Release Date : 2012-03
The International Climate Regime And Its Driving Forces Obstacles And Chances On The Way To A Global Response To The Problem Of Climate Change written by Ben Witthaus and has been published by Diplomica Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03 with Political Science categories.
The greenhouse effect is a vital process which is responsible for the heat on the earth?s surface. By consuming fossil fuels, clearing forests etc. humans aggravate this natural process. As additionally trapped heat exceeds the earth?s intake capacity this consequently leads to global warming. The current concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is already 30% higher compared to pre-industrial levels and unmanaged this development is likely to result in an increase of up to 6.4ø C towards the end of the century. Especially the poorest regions of the world are facing a double inequity as they a) will be hit earliest and hardest by the adverse impacts of climate change, and b) are least responsible for the stock of current concentrations in the atmosphere. Seeing this the application of the precautionary principle telling us ?to better be safe than sorry? appears to be imperative and makes traditional cost-benefit analysis become obsolete. Thus combating global warming has become one of the most important issues facing the world in the 21st century. The international climate regime is the main platform to further cooperation between nations and to tackle this problem. Since the first world climate conference in 1979 the international community of states pursues the goal of stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions. In 2009, the 15th COP of the UNFCCC aimed at achieving the final breakthrough with regard to framing new long-term mitigation commitments. However, the regime theory tells us that states behave as rational egoists and solely follow selfishly defined interests to maximize own profits. So it not only has to be assumed that just states with a favourable benefit-cost ratio will take the role of a ?pusher? in international climate negotiations but also that powerful states are more likely to reach a favourable outcome. Indeed the highly ineffective Kyoto Protocol, which amongst others had to deal with the exit of the United States, the creation of ?hot air? reductions and an overall lack of compliance incentives, has already shown the difficulties of creating an effective climate regime. In Copenhagen it became obvious that influential actors still do not seem to have an interest to significantly change their energy consumption patterns in order to reduce emissions. The majority of developing countries, politically prioritize the protection of their economic development which heavily depends on the use of cheap energy from fossil fuels. Especially China by no means intends to cut its impressive GDP growth figures to please international crowds. Meanwhile the hands of the US President on the international stage were once again tied by domestic restrictions. However, although it seemed that the long prevailing differences of interests between industrial and developing countries are more than ever insuperable, there is hope. A ?global race? towards renewable energy and related jobs has already started. Nations and international corporations are positioning themselves to take advantage of the inevitable transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. This could be the starting point for a sustainable bottom-up policy architecture on the international level replacing the current top-down approach.
Climate Change And Developing Countries
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Author : Antonio G. M. La Viña
language : en
Publisher: Institute of International
Release Date : 1997
Climate Change And Developing Countries written by Antonio G. M. La Viña and has been published by Institute of International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Climatic changes categories.
The Global Development Of Policy Regimes To Combat Climate Change
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Author : Alex Bowen
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2014-04-01
The Global Development Of Policy Regimes To Combat Climate Change written by Alex Bowen and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The year 2015 will be a landmark year for international climate change negotiations. Governments have agreed to adopt a universal legal agreement on climate change at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Paris in 2015. The agreement will come into force no later than 2020.This book focuses on the prospects for global agreement, how to encourage compliance with any such agreement and perspectives of key players in the negotiations — the United States, India, China, and the EU. It finds that there is strong commitment to the established UN institutions and processes within which the search for further agreed actions will occur. There are already a myriad of local and regional policies that are helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build mutual confidence. However, the chapters in the book also highlight potential areas of discord. For instance, varying interpretations of the “common but differentiated responsibilities” of developing countries, agreed as part of the UNFCCC, could be a major sticking point for negotiators. When combined with other issues, such as the choice of consumption or production as the basis for mitigation commitments, the appropriate time frame and base date for their measurement and whether level or intensity commitments are to be negotiated, the challenges that need to be overcome are considerable. The authors bring to bear insights from economics, public finance and game theory.
Law And Economics Of International Climate Change Policy
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Author : R. Schwarze
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Law And Economics Of International Climate Change Policy written by R. Schwarze and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Business & Economics categories.
International climate change policy can be broadly divided into two periods: A first period, where a broad consensus was reached to tackle the risk of global warming in a coordinated global effort, and a second period, where this consensus was finally framed into a concrete policy. The first period started at the "Earth Summit" of Rio de Janeiro in 1992, where the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was opened for signature. The UNFCCC was subsequently signed and ratified by 174 countries, making it one of the most accepted international rd treaties ever. The second period was initiated at the 3 Conference of the Parties (COP3) to the UNFCCC in Kyoto in 1997, which produced the Kyoto Protocol (KP). Till now, eighty-four countries have signed the Kyoto Protocol, but only twelve ratified it. A major reason for this slow ratification is that most operational details of the Kyoto Protocol were not decided in Kyoto but deferred to following conferences. This deferral of the details, while probably appropriate to initially reach an agreement, is a major stepping stone for a speedy ratification of the protocol. National policy makers and their constituencies, who would ultimately bear the cost of Kyoto, are generally not prepared to ratify a treaty that could mean anything, from an unsustainable strict regime of international control of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to an "L-regime" ofloopholes, or from a pure market-based international carbon trading to a regime of huge international carbon tax funds.
Climate Change
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Author : Shamsu Yahaya
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2010-02
Climate Change written by Shamsu Yahaya and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02 with Climatic changes$xInternational cooperation categories.
Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: b1, University of Abertay Dundee, course: llm petroleum law and policy, language: English, abstract: Scientific evidence in recent times is indicating that the global climate is rapidly changing than was previously thought. This has made world leaders and policy makers to take action so as to avert environmental disaster . As the table below shows, global greenhouse gas emissions have been on a steady increase over the decades. FIGURE 1 Source: ipcc-www.greenfacts.org/en/climate-change-ar4/figtableboxes/figure-20.htm - 6k - How best to achieve success in reducing greenhouse gas emissions is the focus of a substantial body of literature. Furthermore, the design and implementation of a regulatory scheme is not an easy task. The question raised in this paper is a critical look at the inclusion of equity in the international climate change regime. This is in view to critically assess the rationale, nature, implementation, success and limitations of equity as it has been provided for by the legal regimes. Our findings will demonstrate that the inclusion of equity as a cardinal strategy for the reduction of greenhouse gasses and protecting the earth's atmosphere from environmental degradation in general is a noble idea. However, certain loopholes exist in the law as well as the implementation process. The major weakness of the climate change regime is that the United States which is the largest pollutant is not a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol. Also, as will be shown in this paper, the blanket exclusion of developing countries from emissions reduction commitment based on equitable concerns is not neither ideal nor pragmatic; this is because some developing countries are classified as being responsible for global warming due to industrial activities.