The Government Procurement Agreement
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The Wto Regime On Government Procurement
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Author : Sue Arrowsmith
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-04-28
The Wto Regime On Government Procurement written by Sue Arrowsmith and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-28 with Law categories.
Originally an important but relatively obscure plurilateral instrument, the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is now becoming a pillar of the WTO system as a result of important developments since the Uruguay Round. This collection examines the issues and challenges that this raises for the GPA, as well as future prospects for addressing government procurement at a multilateral level. Coverage includes issues relating to pending accessions to the GPA, particularly those of developing countries with a large state sector such as China; the revised (provisionally agreed) GPA text of 2006, including provisions on electronic procurement and Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries; and procurement provisions in regional trade agreements and their significance for the multilateral system. Attention is also given to emerging issues, especially those concerning environmental, social and SME policy; competition law; and the implications of the recent economic crisis.
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1995
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Acuerdos arancelarios categories.
Expansion Of The Government Procurement Agreement
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Author : Junsok Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Expansion Of The Government Procurement Agreement written by Junsok Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) was designed to liberalize and expand trade in government procurement. Revised GPA was implemented in 1996 and the latest revision was completed (but not yet implemented) in 2012, but as a plurilateral agreement. Since the end of the UR, there has been attempts by various WTO members to liberalize trade in the government procurement market - through an expansion of Parties who are signatories to GPA, and through a negotiated agreement on transparency in government procurement. The attempt to expand the Parties who are signatories to the GPA - attempt to increase the width of the coverage of the agreement - has been somewhat successful, but I argue that the goal should be to further liberate the government procurement markets of the current Party members - to reduce thresholds and other barriers which limit market access even to other GPA members, in other words, to increase the depth of coverage. Taking cue from Korea's FTA, I propose a two-level liberalization of the government procurement market under the GPA: A “light” level which would be the same as the current level of liberalization; and a “deep” level with lower thresholds and less exemptions. I argue that, as seen in Korea, with FTAs, many GPA Parties already have multiple levels of liberalization (i.e, spaghetti-bowl effect of FTAs), but by limiting the levels of liberalization to two, we can seek the best of deep liberalization but reduce the spaghetti-bowl effect.
The Government Procurement Agreement
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Author : Aaditya Mattoo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
The Government Procurement Agreement written by Aaditya Mattoo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Foreign trade regulation categories.
The paper analyzes the provision of the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA).
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement Expanding Disciplines Declining Membership
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Author : Petros C. Mavroidis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement Expanding Disciplines Declining Membership written by Petros C. Mavroidis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
March 1995 The authors analyze the new Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) that was negotiated between a subset of General Agreement on Tariffs an Trade (GATT) members in the Uruguay Round, focusing especially on the expansion of coverage to services and on the strengthening of enforcement mechanisms. Coverage objective were substantially achieved, although commitments contain many exceptions for services. The transparency of signatories' procurement practices was enhanced and enforcement provisions were strengthened, particularly by the introduction of a bid-protest challenge mechanism, which allows private parties (firms) to invoke the Agreement before national courts. (A potential problem: domestic courts could produce divergent interpretations of the GPA). Unlike most of the other Tokyo Round codes - for example, the agreements on technical barriers to trade (standards), import licensing, customs valuation, subsidies, and antidumping - the GPA could not be multilateralized. Its disciplines apply only to World Trade Organization (WTO) members that have signed it. Public procurement represents a major source of demand for goods and services in most countries. Getting domestic procurement policies right can therefore have major effects on welfare. And improving developing countries' access to global procurement markets could help induce governments to adopt multilateral rules, if those could be shown to be in their interests. The authors explore why only a limited number of countries have signed the GPA. They suggest the pursuit of tariffication as one avenue through which the Agreement might be expanded to cover all WTO members. In the process, the GPA could be improved economically by eliminating current provisions that allow for measures with quota-like effects, and by weakening incentives to seek absolute sector-by-sector reciprocity.
Government Procurement In The Wto
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Author : Sue Arrowsmith
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2003-01-14
Government Procurement In The Wto written by Sue Arrowsmith and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-14 with Law categories.
In the World Trade Organization regime, government procurement is largely excluded from the multilateral agreements. The 'plurilateral' WTO Agreement on Government Procurement, with its challenging accession procedures and limited number of signatories, cannot be said to succeed in its efforts to liberalize this area of trade activity–more than 10 percent of gross domestic product in most countries. This insightful and thoroughly researched study investigates the special sensitivities of government procurement that have left major trade barriers intact despite the WTO mandate that has proven so effective in other areas. Professor Arrowsmith examines the following crucial factors in depth: why and how procurement practices create barriers to trade the institutional structure for dealing with government procurement in the GATT/WTO system the impact of relevant WTO law on national legal systems the types of contracts and entities covered in the Agreement on Government Procurement how the National Treatment principle and the Most Favored Nation obligation affect government procurement rules of WTO contract award procedure and the controversy over their interpretation and revision the free trade vs. social and environmental issues question in the context of government procurement and the monitoring and enforcement of WTO procurement rules Throughout the presentation the author focuses on specific issues to illuminate the overall pattern of her legal analysis. For example, practical questions stemming from such activities as multi-phase tendering and electronic procurement are raised for special scrutiny. The legal literature of the WTO and its jurisprudence are frequently brought into Professor Arrowsmith's arguments. The result is a new work of major significance-a work that government procurement officials in every country, whatever their field, cannot afford to ignore. The value of Government Procurement in the WTO to lawyers and scholars in the field goes without saying. Review' Beneath its somewhat ordinary title is a work of extraordiary depth and quality. Although written by a law professor, this book is far more than a traditional legal textbook. In exceptionally lucid writing, the aithor sets forth a comprehensive study of the World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations ('Articles') on public procurement and their omplications.'
Government Procurement Agreement Handbook
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Author : Cameron May, Limited
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Government Procurement Agreement Handbook written by Cameron May, Limited and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Law And Policy In Public Purchasing
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Law And Policy In Public Purchasing written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
The Government Procurement Act (GPA) aims to subject public purchasing to international competition. However, many developing countries, along with others such as Australia and New Zealand, have refused to join the GPA on the grounds that it is not in their best interest. This volume examines the GPA and discusses what could be done to improve it with a view to expanding its membership. The contributors focus on four broad issues: the negotiating history, content, and operation of the GPA; the economics of the GPA's rules and disciplines; the implementation of the GPA in domestic legal systems; and, finally, possible alternatives to - and improvements on - the current set of multilateral rules and disciplines. Offering the most comprehensive assessment of the subject available, the volume will be of interest to scholars of international trade, as well as people whose work involves them in government procurement - from the buyers and sellers of goods and services to those concerned with legal aspects of public purchasing.
Green Public Procurement Under Wto Law
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Author : Rika Koch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-31
Green Public Procurement Under Wto Law written by Rika Koch and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-31 with Law categories.
This book investigates the strategic use of public procurement as a way to establish “buying green” as a common practice – not only in the EU, but all over the world. However, imposing environmental requirements may affect the conditions of competition between suppliers, especially between local and foreign ones. This is particularly relevant for signatory states to the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), a plurilateral WTO agreement that aims at liberalizing public procurement markets. So how can these countries strike a balance between trade concerns and using the environmental potential of public procurement? What scope does the GPA 2012 leave for environmental criteria and how are signatory states making use of it? The need for answers to these questions is becoming even more pressing with the increasing use of green public procurement (GPP). This book discusses approaches to finding legal solutions to this question, using a multilayered approach to do so: In a first step, an analysis of the pertinent GPA provisions serves to delineate the scope for GPP under WTO law. In a second step, an evaluation of the implementation of the respective provision at the regional and national level by the EU and Switzerland helps reveal the impact of the GPA on its signatory states. While the book chiefly focuses on the legal framework for GPP, it also takes into account the latest developments in jurisprudence and policy initiatives. It concludes by proposing practical solutions regarding the specific design of GPP policies and measures in compliance with the GPA. The comparative approach applied in the book, focusing on the implementation of the WTO/GPA by two selected signatories, makes it an informative and insightful resource for practitioners, policymakers and legal scholars from all GPA signatory countries, extending its relevance beyond the selected examples (the EU and Switzerland).
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement
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Author : Bernard Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement written by Bernard Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
March 1995The authors analyze the new Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) that was negotiated between a subset of General Agreement on Tariffs an Trade (GATT) members in the Uruguay Round, focusing especially on the expansion of coverage to services and on the strengthening of enforcement mechanisms. Coverage objectives were substantially achieved, although commitments contain many exceptions for services. The transparency of signatories - procurement practices was enhanced and enforcement provisions were strengthened, particularly by the introduction of a bid-protest challenge mechanism, which allows private parties (firms) to invoke the Agreement before national courts. (A potential problem: domestic courts could produce divergent interpretations of the GPA). Unlike most of the other Tokyo Round codes - for example, the agreements on technical barriers to trade (standards), import licensing, customs valuation, subsidies, and antidumping - the GPA could not be multilateralized. Its disciplines apply only to World Trade Organization (WTO) members that have signed it. Public procurement represents a major source of demand for goods and services in most countries. Getting domestic procurement policies right can therefore have major effects on welfare. And improving developing countries - access to global procurement markets could help induce governments to adopt multilateral rules, if those could be shown to be in their interests. The authors explore why only a limited number of countries have signed the GPA. They suggest the pursuit of tariffication as one avenue through which the Agreement might be expanded to cover all WTO members. In the process, the GPA could be improved economically by eliminating current provisions that allow for measures with quota-like effects, and by weakening incentives to seek absolute sector-by-sector reciprocity.