The Handicap Principle
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The Handicap Principle
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Author : Amotz Zahavi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The Handicap Principle written by Amotz Zahavi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Literary Criticism categories.
The handicap principle is that signals are only taken seriously if the signal itself imposes a handicap on the signaller that would make cheating impossible or unprofitable. The Zahavis explore the wide-ranging implications of this theory.
The Handicap Principle
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Author : Amotz Zahavi
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1999-06-03
The Handicap Principle written by Amotz Zahavi and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-06-03 with Science categories.
Ever since Darwin, animal behavior has intrigued and perplexed human observers. The elaborate mating rituals, lavish decorative displays, complex songs, calls, dances and many other forms of animal signaling raise fascinating questions. To what degree can animals communicate within their own species and even between species? What evolutionary purpose do such communications serve? Perhaps most importantly, what can animal signaling tell us about our own non-verbal forms of communication? In The Handicap Principle, Amotz and Ashivag Zahavi offer a unifying theory that brilliantly explains many previously baffling aspects of animal signaling and holds up a mirror in which ordinary human behaviors take on surprising new significance. The wide-ranging implications of the Zahavis' new theory make it arguably the most important advance in animal behavior in decades. Based on 20 years of painstaking observation, the Handicap Principle illuminates an astonishing variety of signaling behaviors in animals ranging from ants and ameba to peacocks and gazelles. Essentially, the theory asserts that for animal signals to be effective they must be reliable, and to be reliable they must impose a cost, or handicap, on the signaler. When a gazelle sights a wolf, for instance, and jumps high into the air several times before fleeing, it is signaling, in a reliable way, that it is in tip-top condition, easily able to outrun the wolf. (A human parallel occurs in children's games of tag, where faster children will often taunt their pursuer before running). By momentarily handicapping itself--expending precious time and energy in this display--the gazelle underscores the truthfulness of its signal. Such signaling, the authors suggest, serves the interests of both predator and prey, sparing each the exhaustion of a pointless chase. Similarly, the enormous cost a peacock incurs by carrying its elaborate and weighty tail-feathers, which interfere with food gathering, reliably communicates its value as a mate able to provide for its offspring. Perhaps the book's most important application of the Handicap Principle is to the evolutionary enigma of animal altruism. The authors convincingly demonstrate that when an animal acts altruistically, it handicaps itself--assumes a risk or endures a sacrifice--not primarily to benefit its kin or social group but to increase its own prestige within the group and thus signal its status as a partner or rival. Finally, the Zahavis' show how many forms of non-verbal communication among humans can also be explained by the Handicap Principle. Indeed, the authors suggest that non-verbal signals--tones of voice, facial expressions, body postures--are quite often more reliable indicators of our intentions than is language. Elegantly written, exhaustively researched, and consistently enlivened by equal measures of insight and example, The Handicap Principle illuminates virtually every kind of animal communication. It not only allows us to hear what animals are saying to each other--and to understand why they are saying it--but also to see the enormously important role non-verbal behavior plays in human communication.
The Behavior Of Animals
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Author : Johan J. Bolhuis
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-12-29
The Behavior Of Animals written by Johan J. Bolhuis and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-29 with Science categories.
The Behavior of Animals An updated view of animal behavior studies, featuring global experts The Behavior of Animals, Second Edition provides a broad overview of the current state of animal behavior studies with contributions from international experts. This edition includes new chapters on hormones and behavior, individuality, and human evolution. All chapters have been thoroughly revised and updated, and are supported by color illustrations, informative callouts, and accessible presentation of technical information. Provides an introduction to the study of animal behavior Looks at an extensive scope of topics- from perception, motivation and emotion, biological rhythms, and animal learning to animal cognition, communication, mate choice, and individuality. Explores the evolution of animal behavior including a critical evaluation of the assumption that human beings can be studied as if they were any other animal species. Students will benefit from an updated textbook in which a variety of contributors provide their expertise and global perspective in specialized areas
Comeuppance
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Author : William Flesch
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2007
Comeuppance written by William Flesch and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
With Comeuppance, William Flesch delivers the freshest, most generous thinking about the novel since Walter Benjamin wrote on the storyteller and Wayne C. Booth on the rhetoric of fiction. In clear and engaging prose, Flesch integrates evolutionary psychology into literary studies, creating a new theory of fiction in which form and content flawlessly intermesh. Fiction, Flesch contends, gives us our most powerful way of making sense of the social world. Comeuppance begins with an exploration of the appeal of gossip and ends with an account of how we can think about characters and care about them as much as about persons we know to be real. We praise a storyteller who contrives a happy or at least an appropriate ending, and fault the writer who refuses us one. Flesch uses Darwinian theory to show how fiction satisfies our desire to see the good vindicated and the wicked get their comeuppance. He conveys the danger and excitement of reading fiction with nimble intelligence and provides wide reference to stories both familiar and little known. Flesch has given us a book that is sure to claim a central place in the discussion of literature and the humanities.
The Evolution Of Animal Communication
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Author : William A. Searcy
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2010-01-01
The Evolution Of Animal Communication written by William A. Searcy and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Science categories.
Gull chicks beg for food from their parents. Peacocks spread their tails to attract potential mates. Meerkats alert family members of the approach of predators. But are these--and other animals--sometimes dishonest? That's what William Searcy and Stephen Nowicki ask in The Evolution of Animal Communication. They take on the fascinating yet perplexing question of the dependability of animal signaling systems. The book probes such phenomena as the begging of nesting birds, alarm calls in squirrels and primates, carotenoid coloration in fish and birds, the calls of frogs and toads, and weapon displays in crustaceans. Do these signals convey accurate information about the signaler, its future behavior, or its environment? Or do they mislead receivers in a way that benefits the signaler? For example, is the begging chick really hungry as its cries indicate or is it lobbying to get more food than its brothers and sisters? Searcy and Nowicki take on these and other questions by developing clear definitions of key issues, by reviewing the most relevant empirical data and game theory models available, and by asking how well theory matches data. They find that animal communication is largely reliable--but that this basic reliability also allows the clever deceiver to flourish. Well researched and clearly written, their book provides new insight into animal communication, behavior, and evolution.
Animal Contests
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Author : Ian C. W. Hardy
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-05-30
Animal Contests written by Ian C. W. Hardy and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-30 with Science categories.
Contests are an important aspect of the lives of diverse animals, from sea anemones competing for space on a rocky shore to fallow deer stags contending for access to females. Why do animals fight? What determines when fights stop and which contestant wins? Addressing fundamental questions on contest behaviour, this volume presents theoretical and empirical perspectives across a range of species. The historical development of contest research, the evolutionary theory of both dyadic and multiparty contests, and approaches to experimental design and data analysis are discussed in the first chapters. This is followed by reviews of research in key animal taxa, from the use of aerial displays and assessment rules in butterflies and the developmental biology of weapons in beetles, through to interstate warfare in humans. The final chapter considers future directions and applications of contest research, making this a comprehensive resource for both graduate students and researchers in the field.
Attachment Evolution And The Psychology Of Religion
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Author : Lee A. Kirkpatrick
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Press
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Attachment Evolution And The Psychology Of Religion written by Lee A. Kirkpatrick and has been published by Guilford Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Psychology categories.
In this provocative and engaging book, Lee Kirkpatrick establishes a broad, comprehensive framework for approaching the psychology of religion from an evolutionary perspective. Kirkpatrick argues that religion is a collection of byproducts of numerous psychological mechanisms and systems that evolved for other functions.
Low Vision
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Author : P. L. Looijestijn
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 1994
Low Vision written by P. L. Looijestijn and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Medical categories.
A Survey of the Utilization of Rehabilitation Services by the Visually Impaired Elderly Population -- Low Vision Care: Is Ongoing Assessment Really Necessary? -- Are Low Vision Aids still used Six Month safter Prescription? -- Part II -- DOMICILIARY FOLLOW UP IN LOW VISION CARE -- Low Vision Services in the Context of Vision Rehabilitation -- Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired Children in China -- Residual vision and integration: The implications for India in the management of its blind population -- The Visual Advice Centre Eindhoven, An Experiment in Dutch Low Vision Care -- Meeting the Needs of a Geographically Isolated Paediatric Low Vision Population -- Part III -- The ICIDH as a basis for a uniform language in rehabilitation -- An interdisciplinary model for the rehabilitation of visually impaired and blind people -- Suggestions for the classification of impairments and disabilities of low vision -- VISUAL ACUITY MEASUREMENT for LOW VISION -- The FUNCTIONAL VISION SCORE -- A method to evaluate and rehabilitate the functional vision of visually impaired people -- Quantitative Evaluation of Visual Function -- Functional diagnosis and rehabilitation in proposals for an information support system for the treatment of the visually disabled -- Optometric Involvement in Low Vision Training -- The Importance of Social Work with the Multidisciplinary Assistance of the VAC-E -- The Graduate of Poland's First Program in Vision Rehabilitation - a Follow-Up Survey -- Author Index
The Ape That Understood The Universe
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Author : Steve Stewart-Williams
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2018-09-13
The Ape That Understood The Universe written by Steve Stewart-Williams and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-13 with Psychology categories.
Uses evolutionary psychology and cultural evolutionary theory to explain the mysteries of the human mind to an alien scientist.