The History Of Urdu Language
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The History Of Urdu Language
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Author : Mo Asif
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2018-12-23
The History Of Urdu Language written by Mo Asif and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-23 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Urdu language, member of the Indo-Aryan group within the Indo-European family of languages. Urdu is spoken by more than 100 million people, predominantly in Pakistan and India. It is the official state language of Pakistan and is also officially recognized, or "scheduled," in the constitution of India. Significant speech communities exist in the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States as well. Notably, Urdu and Hindi are mutually intelligible.Urdu developed in the 12th century CE from the regional Apabhramsha of northwestern India, serving as a linguistic modus vivendi after the Muslim conquest. Its first major poet was Amir Khosrow (1253-1325), who composed Dohas (couplets), folk songs, and riddles in the newly formed speech, then called Hindvi. This mixed speech was variously called Hindvi, Zaban-e-Hind, Hindi, Zaban-e-Delhi, Rekhta, Gujari, Dakkhani, Zaban-e-Urdu-e-Mualla, Zaban-e-Urdu, or just Urdu, literally 'the language of the camp.' Major Urdu writers continued to refer to it as Hindi or Hindvi until the beginning of the 19th century, although there is evidence that it was called Hindustani in the late 17th century (Hindustani now refers to a simplified speech form that is India's largest lingua franca).Urdu is closely related to Hindi, a language that originated and developed in the Indian subcontinent. They share the same Indic base and are so similar in phonology and grammar that they appear to be one language. In terms of lexicon, however, they have borrowed extensively from different sources--Urdu from Arabic and Persian, Hindi from Sanskrit--so they are usually treated as independent languages. Their distinction is most marked in terms of writing systems: Urdu uses a modified form of Perso-Arabic script, while Hindi uses Devanagari.
A History Of Urdu Literature
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Author : Ram Babu Saksena
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
A History Of Urdu Literature written by Ram Babu Saksena and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Urdu literature categories.
A History Of Urdu Literature
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Author : Thomas Grahame Bailey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
A History Of Urdu Literature written by Thomas Grahame Bailey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Literary Criticism categories.
This work has successfully managed to order a vast and amorphous body of literary activity into one volume. The book marked a stage in the development of literary consciousness even more deeply than preceding works by Abdul Latif and Ram Babu Saxena. Taking a historical view, the study regards the formative Deccan period as most creditable both for the natural bent of the language and the natural inclination of the poets. The author regards the pure, indigenous Urdubetter than the Persianised Urdu. The literary history ends with a notice on Mohammad Iqbal. The Progressive Writers Movement was yet to be launched, and the author was standing at a cusp. From this vantage, he provided us with a useful summary of the past, and gave a context to unfolding trends inliterature.
A History Of Urdu Literature
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Author : Mohammed Sadiq
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1984
A History Of Urdu Literature written by Mohammed Sadiq and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with History categories.
Development Of Urdu Language And Literature Under The Shadow Of The British In India
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Author : Dr. Nazir M. Gill
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2013-01-11
Development Of Urdu Language And Literature Under The Shadow Of The British In India written by Dr. Nazir M. Gill and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The main subject under discussion in this book is DEVELOPMENT OF URDU LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE UNDER THE SHADOW OF THE BRITISH IN INDIA. The writers hope is that it will throw fresh light on the subject and facilitate more understanding for the western readers. It is not a comprehensive survey, although, it deals with individual thinkers, and their contribution to Urdu literature between modernism and orthodoxy.
A History Of Urdu Literature
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
A History Of Urdu Literature written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
A History Of Urdu Literature
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Author : ʻAlī Javād Zaidī
language : en
Publisher: South Asia Books
Release Date : 1993
A History Of Urdu Literature written by ʻAlī Javād Zaidī and has been published by South Asia Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Literary Criticism categories.
The Book Seeks To Present A Compact Survey Of The Rich And Varied Contribution Of Urdu To The Indian Literary Mainstream Through Centuries Of Shared Creative Endeavour And Inspiration. Designed To Serve As A Reliable Guide For Interested Readers From Sister Languages, It Brings Into Focus The Currents And Cross Currents That Have Shaped Its History And Produced Personalities Of Distinction And Prestige Whose Works Have Stood The Test Of Time. The Lucid And Balanced Treatment Of Numerous Forms Of Poetry And Prose Has Both Range And Depth And Reveals A Broad Understanding Of The Historical Forces Behind Deviations From Convention And Transformations In Styles That Have Given Us Perennial Sources Of Joy And Intellectual Fulfilment.
Urdu Grammar
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Author : Mirzā K̲h̲alīl Beg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Urdu Grammar written by Mirzā K̲h̲alīl Beg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Urdu language categories.
Urdu Hindi An Artificial Divide
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Author : Abdul Jamil Khan
language : en
Publisher: Algora Publishing
Release Date : 2006
Urdu Hindi An Artificial Divide written by Abdul Jamil Khan and has been published by Algora Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Foreign Language Study categories.
In a blow against the British Empire, Khan suggests that London artificially divided India's Hindu and Muslim populations by splitting their one language in two, then burying the evidence in obscure scholarly works outside the public view. All language is political -- and so is the boundary between one language and another. The author analyzes the origins of Urdu, one of the earliest known languages, and propounds the iconoclastic views that Hindi came from pre-Aryan Dravidian and Austric-Munda, not from Aryan's Sanskrit (which, like the Indo-European languages, Greek and Latin, etc., are rooted in the Middle East/Mesopotamia, not in Europe). Hindi's script came from the Aramaic system, similar to Greek, and in the 1800s, the British initiated the divisive game of splitting one language in two, Hindi (for the Hindus) and Urdu (for the Muslims). These facts, he says, have been buried and nearly lost in turgid academic works. Khan bolsters his hypothesis with copious technical linguistic examples. This may spark a revolution in linguistic history! Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide integrates the out of Africa linguistic evolution theory with the fossil linguistics of Middle East, and discards the theory that Sanskrit descended from a hypothetical proto-IndoEuropean language and by degeneration created dialects, Urdu/Hindi and others. It shows that several tribes from the Middle East created the hybrid by cumulative evolution. The oldest groups, Austric and Dravidian, starting 8000 B.C. provided the grammar/syntax plus about 60% of vocabulary, S.K.T. added 10% after 1500 B.C. and Arabic/Persian 20-30% after A.D. 800. The book reveals Mesopotamia as the linguistic melting pot of Sumerian, Babylonian, Elamite, Hittite-Hurrian-Mitanni, etc., with a common script and vocabularies shared mutually and passed on to I.E., S.K.T., D.R., Arabic and then to Hindi/Urdu; in fact the author locates oldest evidence of S.K.T. in Syria. The book also exposes the myths of a revealed S.K.T. or Hebrew and the fiction of linguistic races, i.e. Aryan, Semitic, etc. The book supports the one world concept and reveals the potential of Urdu/Hindi to unite all genetic elements, races and regions of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent. This is important reading not only for those interested to understand the divisive exploitation of languages in British-led India's partition, but for those interested in: - The science and history of origin of Urdu/Hindi (and other languages) - The false claims of linguistic races and creation - History of Languages and Scripts - Language, Mythology and Racism - Ancient History and Fossil Languages - British Rule and India's Partition.
From Hindi To Urdu
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Author : Tariq Rahman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2018-02-10
From Hindi To Urdu written by Tariq Rahman and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-10 with History categories.
This book is the first of its kind on the socio-political history of Urdu. It analyses the historiography of the language-narratives about its names, linguistic ancestry, place of birth-and relates it to the politics of identity-construction among the Hindus and Muslims of India during the last two centuries. More importantly, a historical account of the use of Urdu in social domains such as employment, education, printing and publishing, radio, films and television etc. has been provided for the first time. These accounts are related to the expression of Hindu and Muslim identity-politics during the last two centuries. Evolution of Urdu from the language of the laity, both Hindus and Muslims, of the Indian subcontinent during the period between 15th-18th centuries to its standardization into two languages: Persianized Urdu and Sanskritized Hindi are highlighted here. The writer looks at narratives of the names, theories of genealogy and places of origin of the language in relation to the political imperatives of identity-politics of Hindus and Muslims during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In a nutshell, historiography is analyzed with reference to its political and ideological dimensions-and a fresh analysis regarding the linguistic history of Urdu is provided.