The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Microstructural Parcellation Of The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Stefan Geyer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-07-04
Microstructural Parcellation Of The Human Cerebral Cortex written by Stefan Geyer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-04 with Medical categories.
Unraveling the functional properties of structural elements in the brain is one of the fundamental goals of neuroscientific research. In the cerebral cortex this is no mean feat, since cortical areas are defined microstructurally in post-mortem brains but functionally in living brains with electrophysiological or neuroimaging techniques – and cortical areas vary in their topographical properties across individual brains. Being able to map both microstructure and function in the same brains noninvasively in vivo would represent a huge leap forward. In recent years, high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies with spatial resolution below 0.5 mm have set the stage for this by detecting structural differences within the human cerebral cortex, beyond the Stria of Gennari. This provides the basis for an in vivo microanatomical brain map, with the enormous potential to make direct correlations between microstructure and function in living human brains. This book starts with Brodmann’s post-mortem map published in the early 20th century, moves on to the almost forgotten microstructural maps of von Economo and Koskinas and the Vogt-Vogt school, sheds some light on more recent approaches that aim at mapping cortical areas noninvasively in living human brains, and culminates with the concept of “in vivo Brodmann mapping” using high-field MRI, which was introduced in the early 21st century.
Atlas Of The Morphology Of The Human Cerebral Cortex On The Average Mni Brain
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Author : Michael Petrides
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-12-13
Atlas Of The Morphology Of The Human Cerebral Cortex On The Average Mni Brain written by Michael Petrides and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-13 with Science categories.
Atlas of the Morphology of the Human Cerebral Cortex on the Average MNI Brain provides a comprehensive identification of the sulci and gyri of the human brain on a series of coronal sections of the average MNI brain and identifies the likely location of the cytoarchitectonic areas of the cerebral cortex. Presentation in MNI Stereotaxic Space enables the atlas to serve as a useful working tool for structural/functional neuroimagers attempting to identify the sulcus or gyrus and the likely cytoarchitectonic area within which a functional activation or a structural change has occurred. A brief introductory section discusses the history and current state of studies of the sulcal and gyral morphology and cytoarchitecture of the human cerebral cortex. Identifies all sulci and gyri of both hemispheres of the average MNI brain (rather than those of a single brain with its individual peculiarities) so that the average surface morphology of the human cerebral cortex is clearly revealed Presents the likely location of architectonic areas on the average MNI brain so that researchers can report their findings in a manner that is readily translatable from laboratory to laboratory Offers succinct commentary on the relation of sulci and gyri to architectonic areas, which will be useful to those looking to identify the cortical area within which functional or structural changes occurred Offers succinct commentaries on the diversity of names often used to refer to the exact same area that will be useful to those struggling to navigate the often confusing cerebral cortex nomenclature
The Cytoarchitectonics Of The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Constantin Freiherr von Economo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1929
The Cytoarchitectonics Of The Human Cerebral Cortex written by Constantin Freiherr von Economo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1929 with Cerebral cortex categories.
The Postnatal Development Of The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Jesse LeRoy Conel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1959
The Postnatal Development Of The Human Cerebral Cortex written by Jesse LeRoy Conel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1959 with Cerebral cortex categories.
Connectivity Driven Parcellation Methods For The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Salim Arslan
language : en
Publisher: Salim Arslan
Release Date : 2017-11-01
Connectivity Driven Parcellation Methods For The Human Cerebral Cortex written by Salim Arslan and has been published by Salim Arslan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-01 with Computers categories.
The macro connectome elucidates the pathways through which brain regions are structurally connected or functionally coupled to perform cognitive functions. It embodies the notion of representing, analysing, and understanding all connections within the brain as a network, while the subdivision of the brain into interacting cortical units is inherent in its architecture. As a result, the definition of network nodes is one of the most critical steps in connectivity network analysis. Parcellations derived from anatomical brain atlases or random parcellations are traditionally used for node identification, however these approaches do not always fully reflect the functional/structural organisation of the brain. Connectivity-driven methods have arisen only recently, aiming to delineate parcellations that are more faithful to the underlying connectivity. Such parcellation methods face several challenges, including but not limited to poor signal-to-noise ratio, the curse of dimensionality, and functional/structural variations inherent in individual brains, which are only limitedly addressed by the current state of the art. In this thesis, we present robust and fully-automated methods for the subdivision of the entire human cerebral cortex based on connectivity information. Our contributions are four-fold: First, we propose a clustering approach to delineate a cortical parcellation that provides a reliable abstraction of the brain's functional organisation. Second, we cast the parcellation problem as a feature reduction problem and make use of manifold learning and image segmentation techniques to identify cortical regions with distinct structural connectivity patterns. Third, we present a multi-layer graphical model that combines within- and between-subject connectivity, which is then decomposed into a cortical parcellation that can represent the whole population, while accounting for the variability across subjects. Finally, we conduct a large-scale, systematic comparison of existing parcellation methods, with a focus on providing some insight into the reliability of brain parcellations in terms of reflecting the underlying connectivity, as well as, revealing their impact on network analysis. We evaluate the proposed parcellation methods on publicly available data from the Human Connectome Project and a plethora of quantitative and qualitative evaluation techniques investigated in the literature. Experiments across multiple resolutions demonstrate the accuracy of the presented methods at both subject and group levels with regards to reproducibility and fidelity to the data. The neuro-biological interpretation of the proposed parcellations is also investigated by comparing parcel boundaries with well-structured properties of the cerebral cortex. Results show the advantage of connectivity-driven parcellations over traditional approaches in terms of better fitting the underlying connectivity. However, the benefit of using connectivity to parcellate the brain is not always as clear regarding the agreement with other modalities and simple network analysis tasks carried out across healthy subjects. Nonetheless, we believe the proposed methods, along with the systematic evaluation of existing techniques, offer an important contribution to the field of brain parcellation, advancing our understanding of how the human cerebral cortex is organised at the macroscale.
Brodmann S
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Author : K. Brodmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-02-16
Brodmann S written by K. Brodmann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-16 with Medical categories.
This is the third edition of the translation, by Laurence Garey, of "Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde" by Korbinian Brodmann, originally published by Barth-Verlag in Leipzig in 1909. It is one of the major "classics" of the neurological world. Even today it forms the basis for so-called "localisation" of function in the cerebral cortex. Brodmann's "areas" are still used to designate functional regions in the cortex, the part of the brain that brings the world that surrounds us into consciousness, and which governs our responses to the world. For example, we use "area 4" for the "motor" cortex, with which we control our muscles, "area 17" for "visual" cortex, with which we see, and so on. This nomenclature is used by neurologists and neurosurgeons in the human context, as well as by experimentalists in various animals. Indeed, Brodmann's famous "maps" of the cerebral cortex of humans, monkeys and other mammals must be among the most commonly reproduced figures in neurobiological publishing. The most famous of all is that of the human brain. There can be few textbooks of neurology, neurophysiology or neuroanatomy in which Brodmann is not cited, and his concepts pervade most research publications on systematic neurobiology. In spite of this, few people have ever seen a copy of the 1909 monograph, and even fewer have actually read it! There had never been a complete English translation available until the first edition of the present translation of 1994, and the original book had been almost unavailable for 50 years or more, the few antiquarian copies still around commanding high prices. As Laurence Garey, too, used Brodmann’s findings and maps in his neurobiological work, and had the good fortune to have access to a copy of the book, he decided to read the complete text and soon discovered that this was much more than just a report of laboratory findings of a turn-of-the-twentieth-century neurologist. It was an account of neurobiological thinking at that time, covering aspects of comparative neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and neuropathology, as well as giving a fascinating insight into the complex relationships between European neurologists during the momentous times when the neuron theory was still new.
Cellular Structure Of The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Constantin von Economo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Cellular Structure Of The Human Cerebral Cortex written by Constantin von Economo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Cerebral cortex categories.
Neural Plasticity
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Author : Peter R. Huttenlocher
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2002-07-15
Neural Plasticity written by Peter R. Huttenlocher and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-15 with Psychology categories.
Neural plasticity--the brain's ability to change in response to normal developmental processes, experience, and injury--is a critically important phenomenon for both neuroscience and psychology. Increasing evidence about the extent of plasticity--long past the supposedly critical first three years--has recently emerged. Neural Plasticity offers the first succinct and lucid integration of this research and its implications. Pointing out the negative and the positive consequences of plasticity, Peter Huttenlocher describes plasticity in children and adults (in normal aging and in response to trauma), in sensory systems, the motor cortex, higher cortical functions, and language development, proceeding system by system, and paying particular attention to the cerebral cortex. One of the book's strengths is its range of references, not only to studies on human subjects but to the experimental study of animal models as well. This book will be a unique contribution to research and to the literature on clinical neuroscience.
Atlas Of Cytoarchitectonics Of The Adult Human Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Constantin Freiherr von Economo
language : en
Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Release Date : 2008
Atlas Of Cytoarchitectonics Of The Adult Human Cerebral Cortex written by Constantin Freiherr von Economo and has been published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Adulthood categories.
First English edition of a rare gem in the neurological sciences A milestone in neuroscience research, this high-profile Atlas depicts the cellular structure of practically every area of the human cortex with direct applications to current research in brain function. The entirety of the 112 original microphotographic plates, brilliant achievements in scientific microphotography and representing the 107 cytoarchitectonic areas of the human cerebral cortex, are reproduced in full size - large enough to be used for teaching purposes. An extensive introduction places the cytoarchitectonic studies of von Economo and Koskinas in a historical as well as a modern perspective, summarizing the essence of their findings and providing Brodmann area correlations. Biographies of von Economo and Koskinas and complete listings of their hard-to-find works are included in the Appendix. Originally published in German in 1925, it was considered a 'royal gift to science'. Revising Brodmann's nomenclature of 1909, the Nobel prize nominee von Economo and his colleague Koskinas took cytoarchitectonics to a new zenith, filling in gaps left by Brodmann on normal cortical structure, and documenting detailed findings in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, the insula, hippocampus, and superior limbic region. Far from being of purely academic or historical interest, this essential guide for all research on the cerebral cortex is of fundamental value to investigators in the brain and behavioral sciences, including basic, cognitive and evolutionary neuroscience, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuroimaging, neuropsychology and neurolinguistics, as well as to physicians in the clinical fields of neurology, neuropathology, neurosurgery and psychiatry.
The Postnatal Development Of The Human Cerebral Cortex Volume 8 The Cortex Of The Six Year Old Child
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Author : J. LeRoy Conel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-10
The Postnatal Development Of The Human Cerebral Cortex Volume 8 The Cortex Of The Six Year Old Child written by J. LeRoy Conel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10 with categories.