The Immune Response To Viral Infections
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The Immune Response To Viral Infections
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Author : B.A. Askonas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Immune Response To Viral Infections written by B.A. Askonas and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Virus diseases continue to represent serious health problems in most parts of the world. In spite of the fact that diseases such as polio myelitis and measles have been controlled in the industrialized countries by vaccination, vaccines now in use in tropical countries have proved not to be optimal. Further research is needed to develop new vaccines that will be effective in all countries. To do so we need to understand better the immune response to different viruses so that we may be able to maxi mize the protective response of new vaccines and minimize their potential immunopathologic effect. An exciting new discovery which is now being further developed is the possibility of being able to use some viruses (e.g. vaccinia, adenoviruses, etc.), as carriers for other antigens. This may open up the way for the production of vaccines that will be inexpensive and that will confer long lasting immunity after only one injection. This meeting has also served to review our present knowledge of virus diseases which are still of great importance such as hepatitis, dengue and influenza.
Viral Pathogenesis And Immunity
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Author : Neal Nathanson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2007-04-04
Viral Pathogenesis And Immunity written by Neal Nathanson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-04 with Medical categories.
Based on the highly successful reference work Viral Pathogenesis published in 1997, this concise, economical version can be used both as an introductory text or for self-education by medical students and biologists alike. This latest edition provides a completely revised overview of the subject with new chapters on innate immunity, emerging viral diseases, and antiviral therapy in a format that is easy to understand without continually referring to additional information. Used by the author in his graduate classes at the University of Pennsylvania, it sets forth the essential principles and discusses the details of how the immune system responds to viral invasion including the treatment and prevention of infection. Illustrated by pertinent examples it is one of the only books devoted exclusively to this topic. * Offers almost a 20% expansion over the first edition * Focuses specifically on viral pathogenesis unlike other texts where only a few chapters are devoted to the topic * Neal Nathanson is one of the primary authorities in the field and has authored chapters on viral pathogenesis in two of the most well known virology and microbiology titles Field's Virology and Topley and Wilson's Microbiology * Now in four color throughout!
Dynamics Of Immune Activation In Viral Diseases
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Author : Pallaval Veera Bramhachari
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-02-24
Dynamics Of Immune Activation In Viral Diseases written by Pallaval Veera Bramhachari and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-24 with Medical categories.
This book discusses various components of the innate and adaptive immune response in combating viral infections, presenting the recent advances in our understanding of innate immunity recognition of viruses and highlighting the important role of inflammation, cytokines such as interferon, toll-like receptors and leukocytes in the initial detection of invading viruses and subsequent activation of adaptive immunity. It also summarizes the role of the adaptive immunity against viral infections through clearance of virus and establishment of memory response that protects against the recurrent infections. In addition, the book examines the role of DNA and RNA sensors in viral recognition and in controlling viral infection. Lastly, it reviews the latest developments in the development of the rational viral vaccines. As such it is a useful resource book for postgraduate and early researchers wanting to gain insights into the immune response to viral infections.
Infection And Immunity
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Author : D H Davies
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-09-11
Infection And Immunity written by D H Davies and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-11 with Medical categories.
This concise text explores the interactions between pathogens and the immune system. Taking a disease-based approach, it explains how micro-organisms adapted to growth in human hosts can evade the immune system and cause disease. The opening chapter overviews the innate and adaptive immune responses to microbes. Subsequent chapters are specific to particular pathogens, beginning with their biology and leading on to illustrate mechanisms of adaptation and ensuing consequences. Each of these chapters ends with a summary, review questions and further reading lists. Summaries, review questions and further reading make this book suitable for self-directed study. Infection and Immunity is ideal for any undergraduates taking a course that explores the interaction between pathogens and the human immune system.
Nutrition Immunity And Viral Infections
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Author : Julio Villena
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-11-19
Nutrition Immunity And Viral Infections written by Julio Villena and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-19 with Medical categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
The Past And The Future Of Human Immunity Under Viral Evolutionary Pressure
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Author : Gkikas Magiorkinis
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-12-04
The Past And The Future Of Human Immunity Under Viral Evolutionary Pressure written by Gkikas Magiorkinis and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-04 with categories.
There is a long-standing evolutionary battle between viruses and their hosts that continues to be waged. The evidence of this conflict can be found on both sides, with the human immune system being responsive to new viral challenges and viruses having developed often sophisticated countermeasures. The “arms race” between viruses and hosts can be thought as an example of the “Red Queen” race, an evolutionary hypothesis inspired from the dialogue of Alice with the Red Queen in Lewis Carroll’s “Through the Looking-Glass”. At the same time, viruses have a minimal genomic content as they have evolved to hitchhike biological machinery of their hosts (or other co-infecting viruses). The minimalistic viral genome could be thought as the result of a “Black Queen” evolution, a theory inspired from the card game Heart, where the winner is the one with the fewest points at the end. The effects of this arms race are evident in the evolution of the human immune system. This system is capable of responding to diverse viral challenges, utilizing both the ancient innate immune system and the more recently evolved adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates. It is now well-known that the two systems are linked, with innate immunity hypothesized to have provided raw material for the emergence of the adaptive immune response. The adaptive immune response comprises several protein families (including B and T cell receptors, MHC and KIR proteins, for example) that are encoded by complex and variable genomic regions. This complexity enables for responsive genetic changes to occur in immune cells, such as the ability of genomic hypervariable regions in B cells to recombine in order to produce more specific antibodies. Indeed, the human immune system is thought to be continually evolving via various mechanisms such as changes in the genes encoding immune receptors and the regulatory sequences that control their expression. For example, there is some evidence that exogenous viral infections can alter the expression of endogenous retroviruses, some of which contribute to the immune response. Viral countermeasures can include encoding decoy receptors for the signalling molecules of the immune response, altering the gene expression of adaptive immune cells during chronic infection or using host enzymes to facilitate viral immune escape. As the articles herein show, the immune system continues to be challenged by viral infections and these challenges continue to shape how the immune system combats pathogens, thus viruses and human immunity are continuously part of “Red and Black Queen” evolutionary dynamics. We had the pleasure of working with Jonas Blomberg as a reviewer during the course of the Research Topic and his untimely passing was a great loss. Prof. Blomberg made significant contributions, including to the nomenclature of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), the evolution and characterization of specific human ERV (HERV) and the contribution of ERVs to diseases such as cancer. It is with great respect for his contributions to the ERV field that we dedicate this eBook to his memory.
Host Innate Immune Responses To Infection By Avian And Bat Borne Viruses
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Author : Efstathios Giotis
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-04-07
Host Innate Immune Responses To Infection By Avian And Bat Borne Viruses written by Efstathios Giotis and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-07 with Science categories.
Janeway S Immunobiology
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Author : Kenneth Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Garland Science
Release Date : 2010-06-22
Janeway S Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and has been published by Garland Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-22 with Medical categories.
The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Exploring The Heterogeneity Of Immune Response To Viral And Bacterial Infection
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Author : Marta Andres-Terre
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Exploring The Heterogeneity Of Immune Response To Viral And Bacterial Infection written by Marta Andres-Terre and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Infectious diseases are the result of a complex molecular warfare between the host immune system and the pathogen. Our understanding of these interactions, and consequently diagnosis of infectious diseases is limited by their heterogeneous nature. We hypothesized that leveraging biological and technical heterogeneity present in publicly-available data would improve our understanding of infectious diseases, and identify potential biomarkers for accurate diagnosis. The work presented here emphasizes the importance of incorporating the heterogeneity of host responses to infection; we used thousands of different samples across multiple independent datasets to identify and validate a conserved transcriptional host response to 1) respiratory viral infections and 2) acute bacterial infections. First, we conducted an integrated multi-cohort analysis of publicly available gene expression data and identified a common host gene signature across different viral infections. We downloaded 18 microarray gene expression datasets, comprising 2,939 samples obtained from seven different countries. The meta-virus signature can 1) distinguish viral and bacterial infections, and 2) predict symptom onset in infected individuals. We then conducted a second, independent analysis, and identified an influenza-specific host-response signature, which can distinguish influenza-infected samples from those with bacterial or other respiratory viral infections, can be used as a prognostic marker in influenza-pneumonia patients, and is predictive of response to the flu vaccine. Next, to study the host response to acute bacterial infection, we analyzed over 3,000 human samples from 46 cohorts across 14 countries. We identified a set of 131 genes that identified bacterial infections, with potential applications as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. Then, we conducted in silico cellular deconvolution and determined the contribution of specific immune cell types to this response. Finally, we used a non-linear dimensionality reduction approach to create a model of the transcriptional response to microbial infection, recapitulating specific patient trajectories in disease space. Finally, in order to study the heterogeneity in the response to infection at the single cell level, we characterized the response to bacterial infection of macrophages infected with the intracellular bacteria Salmonella typhimurium. By using live-cell time-lapse microscopy of Salmonella-infected macrophages, we show that single cell response to Salmonella is highly heterogeneous in a clonal population of infected cells. Our data suggest that MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways have complementary functions, with MAPK activation fine-tuning the immune response in order to distinguish the 'level of threat' in each individual cell. Interestingly, our results reveal a potential set of innate immune pathways being activated by intracellular Salmonella early on during infection, which renders infected cells unresponsive to extracellular stimuli and thus potentially unable to fight the invading pathogen. Exploring macrophage-Salmonella interactions at the single-cell level has provided us with unprecedented insights into the host signaling pathways that play a role during bacterial infection. In conclusion, we took a systems-level approach to identify novel factors involved in the immune response to infection. Defining the metrics that characterize the immune response to different pathogens goes beyond the concept of identifying biomarkers, as our model can also be used as a platform to uncover the biology underlying host-pathogen interactions.
