The Impact Of Policies To Control Motor Vehicle Emissions In Mumbai India
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The Impact Of Policies To Control Motor Vehicle Emissions In Mumbai India
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Author : Akie Takeuchi
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006
The Impact Of Policies To Control Motor Vehicle Emissions In Mumbai India written by Akie Takeuchi and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Air categories.
This paper examines the impacts of measures to reduce emissions from buses, cars, and two-wheelers in Mumbai, India. We have considered three possible policies: conversion of diesel buses to CNG, an increase in the price of gasoline and a tax on vehicle ownership. Our results suggest that the most effective policy to reduce emissions from passenger vehicles - in terms of the total number of tons of PM10 reduced - is to convert diesel buses to CNG. The conversion of 3,391 diesel buses to CNG would result in an emissions reduction of 663 tons of PM10 per year, 14 percent of total emissions from transport.
The Impact Of Policies To Control Motor Vehicle Emissions In Mumbai India
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Author : Akie Takeuchi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Impact Of Policies To Control Motor Vehicle Emissions In Mumbai India written by Akie Takeuchi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This paper examines the impact of measures to reduce emissions from passenger transport, specifically buses, cars, and two-wheelers in Mumbai. These include converting diesel buses to compressed natural gas (CNG), as the Indian Supreme Court required in Delhi, which would necessitate an increase in bus fares to cover the cost of pollution controls. The authors model an increase in the price of gasoline, which should affect the ownership and use of cars and two-wheelers, as well as imposing a license fee on cars to retard growth in car ownership. The impact of each policy on emissions depends not only on how the policy affects the mode that is regulated, but on shifts to other modes. The results suggest that the most effective policy to reduce emissions from passenger vehicles - in terms of the total number of tons of PM10 (particulate matter that measure less than or equal to 10 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter) reduced - is to convert diesel buses to CNG. The conversion of 3,391 diesel buses to CNG would result in an emissions reduction of 663 tons of PM10 a year, 14 percent of total emissions from transport. The bus conversion program passes the cost-benefit test. In contrast, the results suggest the elasticities of emissions from transport with respect to a gasoline tax and a tax on vehicle ownership are -0.04 and -0.10 respectively. As a consequence, it would take substantial increases in the gasoline tax or vehicle ownership tax to produce reductions in emissions similar to the bus conversion program. These results, however, reflect the low shares of cars and two-wheelers in the Mumbai emissions inventory and need not apply to cities, such as Delhi, where these shares are higher.
Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles
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Author : Asif Faiz
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1996-01-01
Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles written by Asif Faiz and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-01 with Political Science categories.
Contributions by Surhid Gautam and Lit-Mian Chan. This book presents a state-of-the art review of vehicle emission standards and regulations and provides a synthesis of worldwide experience with vehicle emission control technologies and their applications in both industrial and developing countries. Topics covered include: * The two principal international systems of vehicle emission standards: those of North America and Europe * Test procedures used to verify compliance with emissions standards and to estimate actual emissions * Engine and aftertreatment technologies that have been developed to enable new vehicles to comply with emission standards, as well as the cost and other impacts of these technologies * An evaluation of measures for controlling emissions from in-use vehicles * The role of fuels in reducing vehicle emissions, the benefits that could be gained by reformulating conventional gasoline and diesel fuels, the potential benefits of alternative cleaner fuels, and the prospects for using hydrogen and electric power to run motor vehicles with ultra-low or zero emissions. This book is the first in a series of publications on vehicle-related pollution and control measures prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme to underpin the Bank's overall objective of promoting transport that is environmentally sustainable and least damaging to human health and welfare.
Status Of The Vehicular Pollution Control Programme In India
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Status Of The Vehicular Pollution Control Programme In India written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Air quality management categories.
The Automobile And Air Pollution
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Author : United States. Department of Commerce
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
The Automobile And Air Pollution written by United States. Department of Commerce and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Air categories.
Automotive Air Pollution
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1990
Automotive Air Pollution written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Air categories.
Automotive air pollution will intensify with increasing urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in developing countries. Without effective measures to curb air pollution, some 300-400 million city dwellers in developing countries will become exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of air pollution by the end of the century. Administratively simple policies that encourage clean fuels and better traffic management are the most promising approach to controlling vehicle pollutant emissions in developing countries.
Public Transport Subsidies And Affordability In Mumbai India
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Author : Maureen Cropper, Soma Bhattacharya
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007
Public Transport Subsidies And Affordability In Mumbai India written by Maureen Cropper, Soma Bhattacharya and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Bus categories.
Abstract: This paper describes the role of public transport and the nature and incidence of transport subsidies in Mumbai, India. Mumbai has an extensive rail and bus network, and public transport is used for over 75 percent of all motorized trips in Greater Mumbai. Both rail and bus fares in Mumbai are subsidized: BEST, which operates public buses in Mumbai, is also an electric utility, and subsidizes bus fares from electricity revenues. We analyze the incidence of these subsidies, and their effect on mode choice, using data from a survey of households in Greater Mumbai. In Mumbai, as in many cities, the middle class is more likely to use public transport for travel than the poor. The poor, however, also use public transit, and their expenditure on public transit constitutes, on average, a larger share of their income than it does for the middle class. It is, therefore, the case that the poor benefit from transit subsidies in Mumbai, as well as the middle and upper-middle classes; however, the poorest 27 percent of the population receives only 19 percent of bus subsidies and 15.5 percent of rail subsidies. Indeed, 26 percent of the lowest income households surveyed do not use rail, while 10 percent do not use bus, implying that they receive no transit subsidies. Expenditure on transport accounts for 16 percent of income in the lowest income category (
Environmental Impacts Of Trade Liberalization And Policies For The Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources
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Author : Keynote Publishing Company
language : en
Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint
Release Date : 1999-12-31
Environmental Impacts Of Trade Liberalization And Policies For The Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources written by Keynote Publishing Company and has been published by UNEP/Earthprint this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-12-31 with categories.
Urban Air Quality Management Strategy In Asia
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Author : Jitendra J. Shah
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997-01-01
Urban Air Quality Management Strategy In Asia written by Jitendra J. Shah and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
World Bank Technical Paper No. 381.Swelling urban populations and increased concentration of industry and automotive traffic in Asia?s cities has resulted in severe air pollution. The goal of the Urban Air Quality Management Strategy is to assist in designing and implementing policies and monitoring and managing tools to improve air quality in the major Asian metropolitan areas. This report focuses on the development of an air quality management system for Greater Mumbai (Bombay), India. Measures to reduce air pollution in this area focus on a traffic and action plan for air pollution abatement that takes into account the economic costs and benefits of abatement measures.
The Impact Of Auto Emission Standards
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works. Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
The Impact Of Auto Emission Standards written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works. Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Automobiles categories.