The Impact Of The European Honey Bee Apis Mellifera On Australian Native Bees
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The Impact Of The European Honey Bee Apis Mellifera On Australian Native Bees
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Author : Dean Paini
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
The Impact Of The European Honey Bee Apis Mellifera On Australian Native Bees written by Dean Paini and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Animal introduction categories.
The European honey bee (Apis mellifera) has been present in Australia for approximately 150 years. For the majority of that time it was assumed this species could only be of benefit to Australia‘s natural ecosystems. More recently however, researchers and conservationists have questioned this assumption. Honey bees are an introduced species and may be affecting native fauna and flora. In particular, native bees have been highlighted as an animal that may be experiencing competition from honey bees as they are of similar sizes and both species require nectar and pollen for their progeny. Most research to date has focused on indirect measures of competition between honey bees and native bees (resource overlap, visitation rates and resource harvesting). The first chapter of this thesis reviews previous research explaining that many experiments lack significant replication and indirect measures of competition cannot evaluate the impact of honey bees on native bee fecundity or survival. Chapters two and four present descriptions of nesting biology of the two native bee species studied (Hylaeus alcyoneus and an undescribed Megachile sp.). Data collected focused on native bee fecundity and included nesting season, progeny mass, number of progeny per nest, sex ratio and parasitoids. This information provided a picture of the nesting biology of these two species and assisted in determining the design of an appropriate experiment. Chapters three and five present the results of two experiments investigating the impact of honey bees on these two species of native bees in the Northern Beekeepers Nature Reserve in Western Australia. Both experiments focused on the fecundity of these native bee species in response to honey bees and also had more replication than any other previous experiment in Australia of similar design. The first experiment (Chapter three), over two seasons, investigated the impact of commercial honey bees on Hylaeus alcyoneus, a native solitary bee. The experiment was monitored every 3-4 weeks (measurement interval). However, beekeepers did not agist hives on sites simultaneously so measurement intervals were initially treated separately using ANOVA. Results showed no impact of honey bees at any measurement interval and in some cases, poor power. Data from both seasons was combined in a Wilcoxon‘s sign test and showed that honey bees had a negative impact on the number of nests completed by H. alcyoneus. The second experiment (Chapter 5) investigated the impact of feral honey bees on an undescribed Megachile species. Hive honey bees were used to simulate feral levels of honey bees in a BACI (Before/After, Control/Impact) design experiment. There was no impact detected on any fecundity variables. The sensitivity of the experiment was calculated and in three fecundity variables (male and female progeny mass and the number of progeny per nest) the experiment was sensitive enough to detect 15-30% difference between control and impact sites. The final chapter (Chapter six) makes a number of research and management recommendations in light of the research findings.
The Impact Of The European Honey Bee Apis Mellifera On Australian Native
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
The Impact Of The European Honey Bee Apis Mellifera On Australian Native written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
The Effects Of The Introduced Honeybee Apis Mellifera On Australian Native Bees
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Author : Graham H. Pyke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
The Effects Of The Introduced Honeybee Apis Mellifera On Australian Native Bees written by Graham H. Pyke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Animal introduction categories.
The Australian Beekeeping Manual
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Author : Robert Owen
language : en
Publisher: Exisle Publishing
Release Date : 2015-10-01
The Australian Beekeeping Manual written by Robert Owen and has been published by Exisle Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book is aimed at both the novice and experienced beekeeper in Australia and explains in detail the steps required to manage colonies of bees. Supported by over 350 photographs and drawings, each action to be performed is explained in detail with photographs showing the steps as well as the final result. Many potential beekeepers are unclear about the equipment they need to buy and how to obtain their first colony of bees. The first chapters in the book explain in detail the equipment needed as well as equipment that may be useful later on as their confidence and experience grows. The chapter ‘Your First Bees’ explains how to obtain bees, where to locate them in the garden, and the basics of colony management. In addition to chapters on keeping bees, there are detailed chapters on the life cycle of the honey bee, extracting honey, the bee-friendly garden, entering honey in competitions, native bees and rearing queens. The result is a comprehensive manual that includes material not available in other Australian, North American or European books and is the ultimate Australian reference source.
Community Effects Of Introduced Honeybees Apis Mellifera On Native Bee Fauna And Plant Pollination Australia
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Author : Guinnevere Ellen Roberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Community Effects Of Introduced Honeybees Apis Mellifera On Native Bee Fauna And Plant Pollination Australia written by Guinnevere Ellen Roberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Honeybee categories.
Pollination Using Honey Bees
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Author : Doug Somerville
language : en
Publisher: NSW Agriculture
Release Date : 2018-05-01
Pollination Using Honey Bees written by Doug Somerville and has been published by NSW Agriculture this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-01 with Science categories.
Beekeepers and growers of horticultural crops, broadacre crops and pastures all benefit from bees visiting flowers. this book informs the beekeeper about preparing and maintaining bees so that they are fit for the pollination task and informs the grower about creating an environment for best results. It describes the specific bee stocking rate required for more than sixty plant species and includes a section on making a business agreement between grower and beekeeper. Table of contents: · Safety for personnel · Floral structure · Agents of pollination · Honey bee colonies · Size of the operation · Nutrition for bees · Health problems · Pesticides · Stock selection · Hive strength · Pollination standards · Orchard design and management · Managing hives on the crop · Netting and glass houses · Post-pollination hive management · Contracts and agreements · The bee broker · Appendix 1: Sample pollination agreement · Appendix 2: Individual crops · Appendix 3: Standard operation procedure (SOP)
Investigating The Potential Negative Impacts Of Managed Honey Bees Apis Mellifera On Native New Zealand Plant Pollinator Communities
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Author : Freya Jackson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Investigating The Potential Negative Impacts Of Managed Honey Bees Apis Mellifera On Native New Zealand Plant Pollinator Communities written by Freya Jackson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Honeybee categories.
The interactions formed between plants and their animal pollinators play a valuable role in maintaining ecological integrity and sustaining ecosystem function. The introduction of an exotic pollinator may disrupt native plant-pollinator. Worldwide, there is contradictory evidence as to whether honey bees cause changes to the diversity and abundance to new pollinator communities, changes to native pollinator foraging behaviour, and/or consequences to plant reproductive success. The relative impact of honey bees is likely to depend on the behavior and guilds of native bees, changes in habitat availability and seasons. The impact of introduced honey bees is likely to be greater on small and remote oceanic islands with high levels of endemism, such as Aotearoa New Zealand. Given the widespread occurrence of honey bees in New Zealand, and recent increases in bee keeping, the impacts on native plants and pollinators need to be addressed. The objective of my study was to explore the potential negative impacts of honey bees on native New Zealand plant-pollinator communities. Using a comparative observational approach as well as some field manipulations and molecular analyses, I surveyed pollinator behavior, pollination processes, and plant fitness for two widespread and taonga plants, pōhutukawa and kānuka at three different sites across New Zealand, two with honey bees (Thames and Waiheke Island), and one without honey bees (Great Mercury Island). The widespread distribution of honey bees in New Zealand makes finding study sites without bees but with comparable plants very difficult. First, I examine interspecific (between pollinator species) and intraspecific (between individuals of one pollinator species) differences in foraging behaviour, and floral resource preferences between introduced honey bees and native solitary bees to gauge the potential for competition. Negative impacts on native pollinators was also assessed by measuring the body size of native bees across the three different study sites. Second, I compared the quality and quantity of pollen on the stigmatic surface, number of pollen tubes in the style, and number of seeds within a capsule to explore questions relating to plant reproductive success in the presence of honey bees. DNA metabarcoding techniques were used to assess pollen loads carried by both honey bees and native pollinator species. Overall pollinator body size, diversity and abundance was significantly lower in sites where honey bees are present. Specifically, the diversity of pollinators visiting pōhutukawa was significantly lower at Waiheke Island than Great Mercury Island. Honey bees are poor pollinators of pōhutukawa and their dominance at Waiheke also resulted in lower conspecific pollen deposition on stigmas, lower numbers of pollen tube in the style, which correlated with reduced pōhutukawa seed set. Kānuka was pollinated almost exclusively by native bees, and there was higher pollination rates on Waiheke. This is likely due to increased intraspecific competition between Leioproctus imitatus on Waiheke Island, resulting in higher delivery of conspecific pollen to the stigmas, increased number of pollen tubes in the style, and higher reproductive success. Results from pollen DNA analyses also demonstrate honey bees’ preference for pōhutukawa, but also exotic plants in the families Apiaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. There was a significant difference in the quality and quantity of pollen carried by different pollinators. Pollen loads carried by honey bees reflected their preferences for exotic plants. Out of all the native insects, native Leioproctus carried larger pollen loads consisting of higher proportion of conspecific pollen relative to the plants that they were observed visiting. The species richness of the pollen carried by Leioproctus were significantly lower in sites where honey bees are present, especially for exotic pollen from Asteraceae. This suggests there is competition between Leioproctus and honey bees for highly rewarding exotic plant species, which may explain the observed reduced native bee body size where honey bees are present. In order to limit the potential impact of honey bees on native plant-pollinator, I urge land managers to consider site specific attributes such as conservation status of resident plant and pollinator community and flowering peak period when making decisions regarding bee hive placement. The introduction of honey bees to small offshore islands that offer refugia to from mainland threats (such as Great Mercury Island) should be discouraged.
The Behavioural And Population Ecology Of An Australian Native Bee Amphylaeus Morosus Smith Colletidae Hylaeinae
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Author : Allan Spessa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The Behavioural And Population Ecology Of An Australian Native Bee Amphylaeus Morosus Smith Colletidae Hylaeinae written by Allan Spessa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Bees categories.
Honey And Pollen Flora Of South Eastern Australia
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Author : Dr. Douglas Somerville
language : en
Publisher: NSW Agriculture
Release Date : 2020-01-14
Honey And Pollen Flora Of South Eastern Australia written by Dr. Douglas Somerville and has been published by NSW Agriculture this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This PDF book is best viewed on a desktop or tablet. Understanding the biology of flora and its value to honey bees is the core foundation for successful beekeeping. Bees feed on nectar and pollen. No food equals no bees! The flowers on which bees forage have a major impact on stocking rates and the level of nutrition available to the colony, two subjects that need to be understood for a beekeeper to be successful. Whether a beekeeper owns one hive or a thousand, the principle is the same. Floral resources within Australia underpin so many systems and animal species. Building knowledge and understanding of what they are, and how they are adapting to a changing climate, is a critical field of scientific endeavour. This publication is part of the journey to focus on the value of plants to nectarivores and honey bees in particular. The result of over 30 years of research, it distils both scientific knowledge and the opinions of hundreds of beekeepers into a reference work that will be the cornerstone of floral understanding in apiculture for years to come. Contents Acknowledgements Preface What makes an ideal apiary site? Hive stocking rate Honey bee nutrition Star rating A note on flowering charts What’s in a name? Describing plants List families – genus/species Plant profiles Glossary Bibliography and references Websites Index
Pot Honey
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Author : Patricia Vit
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-01-17
Pot Honey written by Patricia Vit and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-17 with Science categories.
The stingless bees are one of the most diverse, attractive, fascinating, conspicuous and useful of all the insect groups of the tropical world. This is a formidable and contentious claim but I believe it can be backed up. They are fifty times more species rich than the honey bees, the other tribe of highly eusocial bees. They are ubiquitous in the tropics and thrive in tropical cities. In rural areas, they nest in a diversity of sites and are found on the flowers of a broad diversity of crop plants. Their role in natural systems is barely studied but they almost certainly deserve that hallowed title of keystone species. They are popular with the general public and are greatly appreciated in zoos and gardens. The chapters of this book provide abundant further evidence of the ecological and economic importance of stingless bees.