The Invention Of The Underclass
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The Invention Of The Underclass
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Author : Loïc Wacquant
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2022-01-28
The Invention Of The Underclass written by Loïc Wacquant and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-28 with Social Science categories.
At century’s close, American social scientists, policy analysts, philanthropists and politicians became obsessed with a fearsome and mysterious new group said to be ravaging the ghetto: the urban “underclass.” Soon the scarecrow category and its demonic imagery were exported to the United Kingdom and continental Europe and agitated the international study of exclusion in the postindustrial metropolis. In this punchy book, Loïc Wacquant retraces the invention and metamorphoses of this racialized folk devil, from the structural conception of Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal to the behavioral notion of Washington think-tank experts to the neo-ecological formulation of sociologist William Julius Wilson. He uncovers the springs of the sudden irruption, accelerated circulation, and abrupt evaporation of the “underclass” from public debate, and reflects on the implications for the social epistemology of urban marginality. What accounts for the “lemming effect” that drew a generation of scholars of race and poverty over a scientific cliff? What are the conditions for the formation and bursting of “conceptual speculative bubbles”? What is the role of think tanks, journalism, and politics in imposing “turnkey problematics” upon social researchers? What are the special quandaries posed by the naming of dispossessed and dishonored populations in scientific discourse and how can we reformulate the explosive question of “race” to avoid these troubles? Answering these questions constitutes an exacting exercise in epistemic reflexivity in the tradition of Bachelard, Canguilhem and Bourdieu, and it issues in a clarion call for social scientists to defend their intellectual autonomy against the encroachments of outside powers, be they state officials, the media, think tanks, or philanthropic organizations. Compact, meticulous and forcefully argued, this study in the politics of social science knowledge will be of great interest to students and scholars in sociology, anthropology, urban studies, ethnic studies, geography, intellectual history, the philosophy of science and public policy.
The Underclass Debate
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Author : Michael B. Katz
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2018-06-05
The Underclass Debate written by Michael B. Katz and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-05 with History categories.
Do ominous reports of an emerging "underclass" reveal an unprecedented crisis in American society? Or are social commentators simply rediscovering the tragedy of recurring urban poverty, as they seem to do every few decades? Although social scientists and members of the public make frequent assumptions about these questions, they have little information about the crucial differences between past and present. By providing a badly needed historical context, these essays reframe today's "underclass" debate. Realizing that labels of "social pathology" echo fruitless distinctions between the "deserving" and "undeserving" poor, the contributors focus not on individual and family behavior but on a complex set of processes that have been at work over a long period, degrading the inner cities and, inevitably, the nation as a whole. How do individuals among the urban poor manage to survive? How have they created a dissident "infrapolitics?" How have social relations within the urban ghettos changed? What has been the effect of industrial restructuring on poverty? Besides exploring these questions, the contributors discuss the influence of African traditions on the family patterns of African Americans, the origins of institutions that serve the urban poor, the reasons for the crisis in urban education, the achievements and limits of the War on Poverty, and the role of income transfers, earnings, and the contributions of family members in overcoming poverty. The message of the essays is clear: Americans will flourish or fail together.
Another America
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Author : Kofi Buenor Hadjor
language : en
Publisher: South End Press
Release Date : 1995
Another America written by Kofi Buenor Hadjor and has been published by South End Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with African Americans categories.
Born in the flames of the Los Angeles rebellion, Another America, is a fiery collection of trenchant essays on race, class, and politics. Provocative and compelling, Kofi Buenor Hadjor's work argues that racial issues are often camouflaged in neoconservative debates and policy proposals about crime, welfare, poverty, and family values. The U.S. government's ongoing war on the underclass, the assaults on affirmative action, the myth of reverse discrimination, the so-called war on drugs give weight to Hadjor's theory that African Americans are being blamed for their plight in a society where racism remains an integral part of all institutions.
American Apartheid
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Author : Douglas S. Massey
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1993
American Apartheid written by Douglas S. Massey and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with History categories.
This powerful and disturbing book clearly links persistent poverty among blacks in the United States to the unparalleled degree of deliberate segregation they experience in American cities. American Apartheid shows how the black ghetto was created by whites during the first half of the twentieth century in order to isolate growing urban black populations. It goes on to show that, despite the Fair Housing Act of 1968, segregation is perpetuated today through an interlocking set of individual actions, institutional practices, and governmental policies. In some urban areas the degree of black segregation is so intense and occurs in so many dimensions simultaneously that it amounts to "hypersegregation." The authors demonstrate that this systematic segregation of African Americans leads inexorably to the creation of underclass communities during periods of economic downturn. Under conditions of extreme segregation, any increase in the overall rate of black poverty yields a marked increase in the geographic concentration of indigence and the deterioration of social and economic conditions in black communities. As ghetto residents adapt to this increasingly harsh environment under a climate of racial isolation, they evolve attitudes, behaviors, and practices that further marginalize their neighborhoods and undermine their chances of success in mainstream American society. This book is a sober challenge to those who argue that race is of declining significance in the United States today.
Health Promotion
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Author : Keith Tones
language : en
Publisher: Nelson Thornes
Release Date : 2001
Health Promotion written by Keith Tones and has been published by Nelson Thornes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Health & Fitness categories.
The authors have joined forces again to reflect upon the ever changing world of health promotion. As a result, their highly respected textbook has been substantially rewritten to document both theoretical and practical developments within this important sphere of professional activity.
Living By The Sword
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Author : Muhammed Asadi
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2005-08-01
Living By The Sword written by Muhammed Asadi and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-01 with Political Science categories.
By placing facts within their institutional context, this book uncovers the intricate connections between the military/economic alliance in America and the resulting globalization of poverty. Using the depth of the sociological imagination, the author provides a picture of reality that is often overlooked by journalists and commentators who routinely report facts detached from their sociological roots. "M. Asadi's essay on the United States war in Iraq is both passionate in its commitment to human rights and rich in its use of data. It draws skillfully on C. Wright Mills and other scholars to paint a devastating portrait of the war, but also to reflect profoundly on the policies of the United States and their human consequences all over the world." Howard Zinn Author of, A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES Nominated for the, C. Wright Mills Award of the Society for the Study of Social Problems.
People Plans And Policies
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Author : Herbert J. Gans
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 1993
People Plans And Policies written by Herbert J. Gans and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with City planning categories.
The primary theme of this collection of essays is that the cities' basic problems are poverty and racism, and until these concerns are addressed by bringing about racial equality, creating jobs, and instituting other reforms, the generally low quality of urban life will persist. Gans argues that the individual must work to alter society. He believes that not only must parents have jobs to improve their children's school performance, but that the country needs a modernized "New Deal," a more labor-intensive economy, and a thirty-two hour work week to achieve full employment. Other controversial ideas presented in this book include Gans's opposition to the whole notion of an underclass, which he feels is the latest way for the nonpoor to unjustly label the poor as undeserving. He also believes that poverty continues to plague society because it is often useful to the nonpoor. He is critical of architecture that aims above all to be aesthetic or to make philosophical statements, is doubtful that planners can or should try to reform our social or personal lives, and thinks we should concentrate on achieving individual public policies until we learn how to properly plan as a society.
Revolting Subjects
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Author : Imogen Tyler
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2013-04-11
Revolting Subjects written by Imogen Tyler and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-11 with Social Science categories.
Revolting Subjects is a groundbreaking account of social abjection in contemporary Britain, exploring how particular groups of people are figured as revolting and how they in turn revolt against their abject subjectification. The book utilizes a number of high-profile and in-depth case studies - including 'chavs', asylum seekers, Gypsies and Travellers, and the 2011 London riots - to examine the ways in which individuals negotiate restrictive neoliberal ideologies of selfhood. In doing so, Tyler argues for a deeper psychosocial understanding of the role of representational forms in producing marginality, social exclusion and injustice, whilst also detailing how stigmatization and scapegoating are resisted through a variety of aesthetic and political strategies. Imaginative and original, Revolting Subjects introduces a range of new insights into neoliberal societies, and will be essential reading for those concerned about widening inequalities, growing social unrest and social justice in the wider global context.
The Sociology Of Norbert Elias
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Author : Steven Loyal
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-03-18
The Sociology Of Norbert Elias written by Steven Loyal and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-18 with Social Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the key aspects of Norbert Elias's work.
The Invention Of Terrorism In Europe Russia And The United States
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Author : Carola Dietze
language : en
Publisher: Verso Books
Release Date : 2021-07-20
The Invention Of Terrorism In Europe Russia And The United States written by Carola Dietze and has been published by Verso Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-20 with Political Science categories.
Terrorism's roots in Western Europe and the USA This book examines key cases of terrorist violence to show that the invention of terrorism was linked to the birth of modernity in Europe, Russia and the United States, rather than to Tsarist despotism in 19th century Russia or to Islam sects in Medieval Persia. Combining a highly readable historical narrative with analysis of larger issues in social and political history, the author argues that the dissemination of news about terrorist violence was at the core of a strategy that aimed for political impact on rulers as well as the general public. Dietze's lucid account also reveals how the spread of knowledge about terrorist acts was, from the outset, a transatlantic process. Two incidents form the book's centerpiece. The first is the failed attempt to assassinate French Emperor Napoléon III by Felice Orsini in 1858, in an act intended to achieve Italian unity and democracy. The second case study offers a new reading of John Brown's raid on the arsenal at Harpers Ferry in 1859, as a decisive moment in the abolitionist struggle and occurrences leading to the American Civil War. Three further examples from Germany, Russia, and the US are scrutinized to trace the development of the tactic by first imitators. With their acts of violence, the "invention" of terrorism was completed. Terrorism has existed as a tactic since then and has essentially only been adapted through the use of new technologies and methods.