The Language Encounter In The Americas 1492 1800
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The Language Encounter In The Americas 1492 1800
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
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The Language Encounter In The Americas 1492 1800
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Author : Edward G. Gray
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2001-01-01
The Language Encounter In The Americas 1492 1800 written by Edward G. Gray and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with History categories.
When Columbus arrived in the Americas there were, it is believed, as many as 2,000 distinct, mutually unintelligible tongues spoken in the western hemisphere, encompassing the entire area from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego. This astonishing fact has generally escaped the attention of historians, in part because many of these indigenous languages have since become extinct. And yet the burden of overcoming America's language barriers was perhaps the one problem faced by all peoples of the New World in the early modern era: African slaves and Native Americans in the Lower Mississippi Valley; Jesuit missionaries and Huron-speaking peoples in New France; Spanish conquistadors and the Aztec rulers. All of these groups confronted America's complex linguistic environment, and all of them had to devise ways of transcending that environment - a problem that arose often with life or death implications. For the first time, historians, anthropologists, literature specialists, and linguists have come together to reflect, in the fifteen original essays presented in this volume, on the various modes of contact and communication that took place between the Europeans and the "Natives." A particularly important aspect of this fascinating collection is the way it demonstrates the interactive nature of the encounter and how Native peoples found ways to shape and adapt imported systems of spoken and written communication to their own spiritual and material needs.
The Indigenous Languages Of The Americas
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Author : Lyle Campbell
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024
The Indigenous Languages Of The Americas written by Lyle Campbell and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Foreign Language Study categories.
The Indigenous Languages of the Americas is a comprehensive assessment of what is known about their history and classification. It identifies gaps in knowledge and resolves controversial issues while making new contributions of its own. The book deals with the major themes involving these languages: classification and history of the Indigenous languages of the Americas; issues involving language names; origins of the languages of the New World; unclassified and spurious languages; hypotheses of distant linguistic relationships; linguistic areas; contact languages (pidgins, lingua francas, mixed languages); and loanwords and neologisms.
Encyclopedia Of Bilingual Education
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Author : Josue M. Gonzalez
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2008-06-05
Encyclopedia Of Bilingual Education written by Josue M. Gonzalez and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-05 with Education categories.
The book is arranged alphabetically from Academic English to Zelasko, Nancy.
The Languages And Linguistics Of Indigenous North America
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Author : Carmen Dagostino
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2023-09-05
The Languages And Linguistics Of Indigenous North America written by Carmen Dagostino and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This handbook provides broad coverage of the languages indigenous to North America, with special focus on typologically interesting features and areal characteristics, surveys of current work, and topics of particular importance to communities. The volume is divided into two major parts: subfields of linguistics and family sketches. The subfields include those that are customarily addressed in discussions of North American languages (sounds and sound structure, words, sentences), as well as many that have received somewhat less attention until recently (tone, prosody, sociolinguistic variation, directives, information structure, discourse, meaning, language over space and time, conversation structure, evidentiality, pragmatics, verbal art, first and second language acquisition, archives, evolving notions of fieldwork). Family sketches cover major language families and isolates and highlight topics of special value to communities engaged in work on language maintenance, documentation, and revitalization.
Heart Of American Darkness A Story Of Violence And Revolution On The Early Frontier
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Author : Robert G. Parkinson
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2024-05-28
Heart Of American Darkness A Story Of Violence And Revolution On The Early Frontier written by Robert G. Parkinson and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-28 with History categories.
“A scarifying, blood-soaked portrait of savagery on the early frontier—much of it committed by European settlers . . . superb.”—Kirkus Reviews (starred) An acclaimed historian captures the true nature of imperialism in early America, demonstrating how the frontier shaped the nation. We are divided over the history of the United States, and one of the central dividing lines is the frontier. Was it a site of heroism? Or was it where the full force of an all-powerful empire was brought to bear on Native peoples? In this startingly original work, historian Robert Parkinson presents a new account of ever-shifting encounters between white colonists and Native Americans. Drawing skillfully on Joseph Conrad’s famous novella, Heart of Darkness, he demonstrates that imperialism in North America was neither heroic nor a perfectly planned conquest. It was, rather, as bewildering, violent, and haphazard as the European colonization of Africa, which Conrad knew firsthand and fictionalized in his masterwork. At the center of Parkinson’s story are two families whose entwined histories ended in tragedy. The family of Shickellamy, one of the most renowned Indigenous leaders of the eighteenth century, were Iroquois diplomats laboring to create a world where settlers and Native people could coexist. The Cresaps were frontiersmen who became famous throughout the colonies for their bravado, scheming, and land greed. Together, the families helped determine the fate of the British and French empires, which were battling for control of the Ohio River Valley. From the Seven Years’ War to the protests over the Stamp Act to the start of the Revolutionary War, Parkinson recounts the major turning points of the era from a vantage that allows us to see them anew, and to perceive how bewildering they were to people at the time. For the Shickellamy family, it all came to an end on April 30, 1774, when most of the clan were brutally murdered by white settlers associated with the Cresaps at a place called Yellow Creek. That horrific event became news all over the continent, and it led to war in the interior, at the very moment the First Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia. Meanwhile, Michael Cresap, at first blamed for the massacre at Yellow Creek, would be transformed by the Revolution into a hero alongside George Washington. In death, he helped cement the pioneer myth at the heart of the new republic. Parkinson argues that American history is, in fact, tied to the frontier, just not in the ways we are often told. Altering our understanding of the past, he also shows what this new understanding should mean for us today.
Ethnology And Empire
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Author : Robert Lawrence Gunn
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 2015-10-16
Ethnology And Empire written by Robert Lawrence Gunn and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-16 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Winner, The Early American Literature Book Prize Ethnology and Empire tells stories about words and ideas, and ideas about words that developed in concert with shifting conceptions about Native peoples and western spaces in the nineteenth-century United States. Contextualizing the emergence of Native American linguistics as both a professionalized research discipline and as popular literary concern of American culture prior to the U.S.-Mexico War, Robert Lawrence Gunn reveals the manner in which relays between the developing research practices of ethnology, works of fiction, autobiography, travel narratives, Native oratory, and sign languages gave imaginative shape to imperial activity in the western borderlands. In literary and performative settings that range from the U.S./Mexico borderlands to the Great Lakes region of Tecumseh’s Pan-Indian Confederacy and the hallowed halls of learned societies in New York and Philadelphia, Ethnology and Empire models an interdisciplinary approach to networks of peoples, spaces, and communication practices that transformed the boundaries of U.S. empire through a transnational and scientific archive. Emphasizing the culturally transformative impacts western expansionism and Indian Removal, Ethnology and Empire reimagines U.S. literary and cultural production for future conceptions of hemispheric American literatures.
Languages And Communities In Early Modern Europe
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Author : Peter Burke
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-09-16
Languages And Communities In Early Modern Europe written by Peter Burke and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-16 with History categories.
This book is a cultural history of European languages from the invention of printing to the French Revolution.
Unscripted America
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Author : Sarah Rivett
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-10-27
Unscripted America written by Sarah Rivett and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-27 with Literary Criticism categories.
In 1664, French Jesuit Louis Nicolas arrived in Quebec. Upon first hearing Ojibwe, Nicolas observed that he had encountered the most barbaric language in the world--but after listening to and studying approximately fifteen Algonquian languages over a ten-year period, he wrote that he had "discovered all of the secrets of the most beautiful languages in the universe." Unscripted America is a study of how colonists in North America struggled to understand, translate, and interpret Native American languages, and the significance of these languages for theological and cosmological issues such as the origins of Amerindian populations, their relationship to Eurasian and Biblical peoples, and the origins of language itself. Through a close analysis of previously overlooked texts, Unscripted America places American Indian languages within transatlantic intellectual history, while also demonstrating how American letters emerged in the 1810s through 1830s via a complex and hitherto unexplored engagement with the legacies and aesthetic possibilities of indigenous words. Unscripted America contends that what scholars have more traditionally understood through the Romantic ideology of the noble savage, a vessel of antiquity among dying populations, was in fact a palimpsest of still-living indigenous populations whose presence in American literature remains traceable through words. By examining the foundation of the literary nation through language, writing, and literacy, Unscripted America revisits common conceptions regarding "early america" and its origins to demonstrate how the understanding of America developed out of a steadfast connection to American Indians, both past and present.
The Routledge Handbook Of Pidgin And Creole Languages
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Author : Umberto Ansaldo
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-11-29
The Routledge Handbook Of Pidgin And Creole Languages written by Umberto Ansaldo and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-29 with Education categories.
The Routledge Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Languages offers a state-of-the-art collection of original contributions in the area of Pidgin and Creole studies. Providing unique and equal coverage of nearly all parts of the world where such languages are found, as well as situating each area within a rich socio-historical context, this book presents fresh and diverse interdisciplinary perspectives from leading voices in the field. Divided into three sections, its analysis covers: Space and place – areal perspective on pidgin and creole languages Usage, function and power – sociolinguistic and artistic perspectives on pidgins and creoles, creoles as sociocultural phenomena Framing of the study of pidgin and creole languages – history of the field, interdisciplinary connections Demonstrating how fundamentally human and natural these communication systems are, how rich in expressive power and sophisticated in their complexity, The Routledge Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Languages is an essential reference for anyone with an interest in this area.