The Low Income Countries Of The Commonwealth Of Independent States
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The Low Income Countries Of The Commonwealth Of Independent States
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Author : Sarosh Sattar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2004-04-22
The Low Income Countries Of The Commonwealth Of Independent States written by Sarosh Sattar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-22 with Business & Economics categories.
The CIS-7 Initiative was launched in 2002 and endorsed by ministers from the CIS-7 and donor countries, with the objective of promoting poverty reduction, economic growth, and debt sustainability among the seven poorest countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). This volume draws from the follow-up conference held in Lucerne, Switzerland, in January 2003. The objective of this conference was to achieve an understanding of the development agenda in the seven countries and the key policy measures to be taken by the governments and donors to improve future prospects for the countries’ populations.
Constraints To Growth And Job Creation In Low Income Commonwealth Of Independent States Countries
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Author : Paolo Verme
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006
Constraints To Growth And Job Creation In Low Income Commonwealth Of Independent States Countries written by Paolo Verme and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Unemployment categories.
"Despite sustained output growth since 1997, low-income Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries (CIS-7) have not experienced growth in employment, a phenomenon observed elsewhere in transitional economies and labeled as "jobless growth." The author addresses the causes of this phenomenon in the CIS-7. He argues that the lack of job creation is explained by a combination of structural factors, including capital-intensive growth, large potential for productivity gains among existing workers, and compartmentalized economies best depicted by a dual labor market framework. Agriculture and industry have performed asymmetrically and grown apart during the recession and during the growth periods. Agriculture provides subsistence and refuge from urban poverty and unemployment but is unable to grow beyond subsistence because it is disconnected from industrial manufacturing and because the agricultural infrastructure is depleted and underinvested. Industry has progressively lost its manufacturing capacity, and focuses on capital-intensive, highly productive sectors, and provides good wages for the few highly skilled workers. With governments and the international community currently refraining from investing in agricultural and industrial policies focused on reviving manufacturing, jobless growth is likely to persist. "--World Bank web site.
Analysis Of Recent Growth In Low Income Cis Countries
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Author : Ms.Elena Loukoianova
language : en
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Release Date : 2004-08-01
Analysis Of Recent Growth In Low Income Cis Countries written by Ms.Elena Loukoianova and has been published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper analyzes factors that determine recent economic growth in the low-income countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.2 The main findings are as follows: (1) productivity gains in export-oriented sectors and expansion of exports may have become the main sources of growth in five of the seven CIS-7 countries, while in the early years of transition the output recovery was mainly driven by consumption; (2) economic growth has concentrated in agriculture and the raw material sectors, and, thus, is vulnerable to changes in external conditions; and (3) structural reforms matter for growth, which is consistent with previous research on growth in transition countries.
Constraints To Growth And Job Creation In Low Income Commonwealth Of Independent States Countries
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Author : Paolo Verme
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Constraints To Growth And Job Creation In Low Income Commonwealth Of Independent States Countries written by Paolo Verme and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Despite sustained output growth since 1997, low-income Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries (CIS-7) have not experienced growth in employment, a phenomenon observed elsewhere in transitional economies and labeled as "jobless growth." The author addresses the causes of this phenomenon in the CIS-7. He argues that the lack of job creation is explained by a combination of structural factors, including capital-intensive growth, large potential for productivity gains among existing workers, and compartmentalized economies best depicted by a dual labor market framework. Agriculture and industry have performed asymmetrically and grown apart during the recession and during the growth periods. Agriculture provides subsistence and refuge from urban poverty and unemployment but is unable to grow beyond subsistence because it is disconnected from industrial manufacturing and because the agricultural infrastructure is depleted and underinvested. Industry has progressively lost its manufacturing capacity, and focuses on capital-intensive, highly productive sectors, and provides good wages for the few highly skilled workers. With governments and the international community currently refraining from investing in agricultural and industrial policies focused on reviving manufacturing, jobless growth is likely to persist.
Small States
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Author : Commonwealth Secretariat
language : en
Publisher: Commonwealth Secretariat
Release Date : 2006-03
Small States written by Commonwealth Secretariat and has been published by Commonwealth Secretariat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03 with Business & Economics categories.
This unique annual collection of key economic and statistical data on the world's small states--those with fewer than five million inhabitants--is an essential reference for economists, planners, and policymakers. Data on sixty-five countries is included, grouped in three categories: low-; middle-; and high-income--based on their 2003 per capita GNI. The book contains fifty-one tables covering selected economic and social indicators culled from international and national sources and presents information unavailable elsewhere. As well as basic demographic information, including gender-disaggregated information where available, the tables include information on the structure of production; the structure of demand; external payments, reserves, net transfers and finance flows; exchange rate, interest rate, and money supply information; and labor force data. A detailed parallel commentary on trends in Commonwealth small states, looking at growth, employment, inflation, and economic policy issues, permits a deeper understanding of developments behind the figures.
Satisfaction With Life And Service Delivery In Eastern Europe And The Former Soviet Union
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009
Satisfaction With Life And Service Delivery In Eastern Europe And The Former Soviet Union written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Social Science categories.
Data from the 2006 Life in Transition Survey (LiTS)?a joint initiative of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank?provides a unique opportunity to investigate the extent to which citizens of ECA countries are satisfied with their lives and with the performances of their governments.
Debt Accumulation In The Cis 7 Countries
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Author : Ashoka Mody
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2004-05
Debt Accumulation In The Cis 7 Countries written by Ashoka Mody and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1992, several low-income countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) accumulated substantial external debt in a short time span, about half of which is owed to multilateral financial institutions. Three factors contributed to the current debt burden. First, the initial years of transition brought large systemic economic disruptions, loss of transfers from the center and collapse of trade relations among Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) countries, and negative terms of trade shocks. Second, fiscal and other reforms, and consequently, growth revival, took longer than expected. Third, overoptimism by multilaterals contributed to the high debt levels. If external financial assistance, which was needed because of high social costs of the transition, had come in the form of grants in the first two or three years of the transition, the debt burden would have been lower and sustainable.
Attitudes To Equality The Socialist Legacy Revisited
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Author : Mamta Murthi
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008
Attitudes To Equality The Socialist Legacy Revisited written by Mamta Murthi and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Corporation law categories.
Abstract: It is routinely assumed that residents of post-socialist countries have a preference for greater income equality, other things being equal, owing to the legacy of socialism. This proposition is examined in the context of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union using data from three waves of the World Values Survey. Contrary to expectations, the authors find little evidence of a 'socialist legacy' en bloc. Considering the former Soviet Union separately from other post-socialist countries, the analysis finds that as a group these countries display significantly lower preference for moving toward greater income equality than both Eastern Europe and other comparator groups (developed and developing countries). These findings hold up even when controlling for the conventional determinants of attitudes such as income level and employment status of the individual respondent, as well as national factors such as per-capita income and its distribution. Moreover, the preference for greater income inequality appears to have persisted at least since the mid-1990s and possibly since the early 1990s (data difficulties preclude a robust examination of this latter question). The results are consistent with the fairly low levels of public spending on redistribution commonly found in the former Soviet Union.
Debt Accumulation In The Cis 7 Countries
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Author : Thomas Helbling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Debt Accumulation In The Cis 7 Countries written by Thomas Helbling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1992, several low-income countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) accumulated substantial external debt in a short time span, about half of which is owed to multilateral financial institutions. Three factors contributed to the current debt burden. First, the initial years of transition brought large systemic economic disruptions, loss of transfers from the center and collapse of trade relations among Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) countries, and negative terms of trade shocks. Second, fiscal and other reforms, and consequently, growth revival, took longer than expected. Third, overoptimism by multilaterals contributed to the high debt levels. If external financial assistance, which was needed because of high social costs of the transition, had come in the form of grants in the first two or three years of the transition, the debt burden would have been lower and sustainable.
Maintaining Utility Services For The Poor
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000-01-01
Maintaining Utility Services For The Poor written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Prior to the dissolution of the communist state, utility prices were driven by political priorities in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Utility prices were kept artificially low until the early 1990s. When the cost of these across-the-board price subsidies became unaffordable, one government after another decided to bring residential tariffs closer to supply costs. The resulting price adjustment process, however, turned out to be more painful than originally expected. Required large increase in the prices of utility services coincided with a decrease in household income. The household income decline paralleled increasing income polarization. As a result of these two trends, the percentage of the poor within the overall population reached alarming proportions in many countries. Paying utility bills became a major challenge for the rapidly growing army of poor households. Some governments simply pressured utility managers to be lenient with households who did not pay their utility bills. By the middle of the 1990s, most governments recognized that they could not afford leniency. They started to experiment with various subsidy schemes aimed at low income households. To help decision makers choose the best mechanism that suits their specific needs and priorities, 'Maintaining Utility Services for the Poor' provides a conceptual framework and methodology for the evaluation of utility subsidy mechanisms. It also presents the results of applying this methodology in Poland and Russia.