The Maya Calendar Systems Vol 1
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The Maya Calendar Systems Vol 1
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Author : Armin A. Brandes
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2016-08-19
The Maya Calendar Systems Vol 1 written by Armin A. Brandes and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-19 with Social Science categories.
Scientific Study from the year 2016 in the subject Ethnology / Cultural Anthropology, , language: English, abstract: This treatise about the Maya Calendar Systems, emphasizing the Yucatecan Calendar, is an extract and a summary of the studies on their number as well as their calendar systems. As far as the calendars are concerned data from monuments as well as from the Chilam Balam of Tizimin / Chumayel and the Codex Pérez were analyzed. All nations of Mesoamerica had number systems to the base 20. The one of the Maya, however, differed from all others not only by its basic numbers but also by the formation of numbers greater than 20, namely by the method of overcounting while all the others used the method of undercounting. The Maya replaced their moon calendar by adopting the spiritual and solar calendar as well as a longtime count by a now long time perished nation. The solar calendar had built in a correction of the first order, a camouflaged bissextile day at the end of every fourth year. Spiritual and solar calendar constituted by permutation the Calendar Round, a cycle of 52 years. One of the properties of the Calendar Round was that all years began cyclic by only four out of the twenty sacred day signs, the year bearers kaban, ik', manik', eb. The longtime count was noted as elapsed days in positional notation, whereby the third rank was counted only from 0 to 17. This Preclassic Calendar was reformed by the Maya due to the different counting of numbers, thus, by replacing the Day Count with a system of measurements, the so-called Long Count, whereby the third rank became a short year of 360 days. This Classic Calendar was reformed, however, only in the Rio Bec, Chenes and Puuc region. Hereby the Long Count was replaced by periods of current time, the ajaw-Periods of 20 short years. Additionally the Calendar Round was made “dynamic”, in order to integrate the solar calendar corrections of the second and third order. The resultant pairs of Calendar Rounds of the same patron had identical notations, thus, the protagonists of the reform introduced for the months of the solar year the count of current days for each first Calendar Round and for each second one of elapsed days. The reform of this Yucatecan Calendar was completed by enlarging the ajaw-Period from the 20 short years to 24 solar years. And thus, the first eternal solar calendar was accomplished. This calendar was lived up to the conquest by the Spaniards. The knowledge about it, however, was lost soon after the inquisitional trials and the auto de fé of Mani. Thereafter the counting was frozen.
The Mayan And Other Ancient Calendars
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Author : Geoff Stray
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2007-11-06
The Mayan And Other Ancient Calendars written by Geoff Stray and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-06 with History categories.
The only small, popular book on the important subject of ancient calendars. The study of heavenly cycles is common to most ancient cultures. The ancient Egyptians, Chinese, and Babylonians all tried to make sense of the year. But it fell to the later Mesoamerican Maya to create a series of calendars that could be cross referenced. In doing so, the Maya discovered many strange numerical harmonics. Their lunar calendar was extremely accurate-far more so than the Greek Metonic cycle; they tracked Venus to an accuracy of less than a day in five hundred years and their tables could have been used to predict eclipses seven hundred years in the future. This book will provide a much needed compact guide to the Mayan calendar systems as well as covering the essentials of calendar development throughout the world.
Mayan Calendar Systems
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Author : Cyrus Thomas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1901
Mayan Calendar Systems written by Cyrus Thomas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1901 with Maya calendar categories.
The 8 Calendars Of The Maya
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Author : Hunbatz Men
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2009-12-29
The 8 Calendars Of The Maya written by Hunbatz Men and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-29 with Body, Mind & Spirit categories.
Mayan daykeeper Hunbatz Men reveals the multi-calendar system of the Maya that guided the lives of his ancestors and how it can guide us today • The first book to reveal the secrets of the Mayan Pleiades calendar: the Tzek’eb • Explains how the Maya used their astronomical knowledge to guide their lives on Earth The Mayan Calendar has taken on special prominence with the imminent arrival of 2012, a date that many claim is the end of that calendar. However, as Mayan elder and daykeeper Hunbatz Men shows, the cosmological understanding of his ancestors was so sophisticated that they had not one, but many calendars, each based on the cycles of different systems in the cosmos. In this book he reveals for the first time the Tzek’eb, or Pleiades, Calendar of 26,000 years, which charts the revolution of our solar system around Alcyone, the central star of the Pleiades system. He also discusses the K’uuk’ulcan Calendar of the 4 seasons of the solar year and the wheel of the K’altunes Calendar, which is composed of 13 cycles of 20 years each that form a calendar of 260 years. In traditional Mayan culture the computation of time was not determined by simple economic or social motives. The calendars served the higher purpose of synchronizing the lives of human beings and their societies to the great cosmic pulsation, to the rhythm of the annual seasons, and to the other cycles that dictate changes upon Earth. Mayan understanding of the cosmic cycles was so exact that this knowledge could be used to influence all stages of life--from planning when to conceive (parents could choose not only the sex of their child but its vocation and future destiny) to plotting out the course of the entire society. Pyramids played a crucial role in applying this wisdom because, as Hunbatz Men shows, they were able to produce and transform energy in accordance with the cosmic cycles charted by the calendars. This book reveals for the first time the wisdom of the multi-calendar Mayan system and how it can help guide our modern world.
The Numeration Calendar Systems And Astronomical Knowledge Of The Mayas
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Author : Charles Pickering Bowditch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1910
The Numeration Calendar Systems And Astronomical Knowledge Of The Mayas written by Charles Pickering Bowditch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1910 with Calendar, Maya categories.
Maya Calendar Origins
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Author : Prudence M. Rice
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2009-02-17
Maya Calendar Origins written by Prudence M. Rice and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-17 with Social Science categories.
In Maya Political Science: Time, Astronomy, and the Cosmos, Prudence M. Rice proposed a new model of Maya political organization in which geopolitical seats of power rotated according to a 256-year calendar cycle known as the May. This fundamental connection between timekeeping and Maya political organization sparked Rice's interest in the origins of the two major calendars used by the ancient lowland Maya, one 260 days long, and the other having 365 days. In Maya Calendar Origins, she presents a provocative new thesis about the origins and development of the calendrical system. Integrating data from anthropology, archaeology, art history, astronomy, ethnohistory, myth, and linguistics, Rice argues that the Maya calendars developed about a millennium earlier than commonly thought, around 1200 BC, as an outgrowth of observations of the natural phenomena that scheduled the movements of late Archaic hunter-gatherer-collectors throughout what became Mesoamerica. She asserts that an understanding of the cycles of weather and celestial movements became the basis of power for early rulers, who could thereby claim "control" over supernatural cosmic forces. Rice shows how time became materialized—transformed into status objects such as monuments that encoded calendrical or temporal concerns—as well as politicized, becoming the foundation for societal order, political legitimization, and wealth. Rice's research also sheds new light on the origins of the Popol Vuh, which, Rice believes, encodes the history of the development of the Mesoamerican calendars. She also explores the connections between the Maya and early Olmec and Izapan cultures in the Isthmian region, who shared with the Maya the cosmovision and ideology incorporated into the calendrical systems.
Handbook Of American Indians North Of Mexico Volume 1 4 A Z
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Author : Frederick Webb Hodge
language : en
Publisher: Digital Scanning Inc
Release Date : 2003-07
Handbook Of American Indians North Of Mexico Volume 1 4 A Z written by Frederick Webb Hodge and has been published by Digital Scanning Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07 with Social Science categories.
This Comprehensive listing of tribal names, confederacies, settlements,and archeology was originally begun in 1873 as a list of tribal names. It grew to include biographies of Indians of note, arts, manners, customs and aboriginal words. Included are illustrations, photographs and sketches of people, places and everyday articles used by the Native Americans. The Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Handbook of American Indians. Reprint of 1912 edition. Volume 1 A-G. Included are illustrations, manners, customs, places and aboriginal words. In 4 Volumes. Volume 1 - A to G........ISBN 9781582187488 Volume 2 - H to M........ISBN 9781582187495 Volume 3 - N to S.........ISBN 9781582187509 Volume 4 - T to Z.........ISBN 9781582187518
The Maya Calendar
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Author : Weldon Lamb
language : en
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Release Date : 2017-02-23
The Maya Calendar written by Weldon Lamb and has been published by University of Oklahoma Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-23 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
By 1,800 years ago, speakers of proto-Ch’olan, the ancestor of three present-day Maya languages, had developed a calendar of eighteen twenty-day months plus a set of five days for a total of 365 days. This original Maya calendar, used extensively during the Classic period (200–900 CE), recorded in hieroglyphic inscriptions the dates of dynastic and cosmological importance. Over time, and especially after the Mayas’ contact with Europeans, the month names that had originated with these inscriptions developed into fourteen distinct traditions, each connected to a different ethnic group. Today, the glyphs encompass 250 standard forms, variants, and alternates, with about 570 meanings among all the cognates, synonyms, and homonyms. In The Maya Calendar, Weldon Lamb collects, defines, and correlates the month names in every recorded Maya calendrical tradition from the first hieroglyphic inscriptions to the present—an undertaking critical to unlocking and understanding the iconography and cosmology of the ancient Maya world. Mining data from astronomy, ethnography, linguistics, and epigraphy, and working from early and modern dictionaries of the Maya languages, Lamb pieces together accurate definitions of the month names in order to compare them across time and tradition. His exhaustive process reveals unsuspected parallels. Three-fourths of the month names, he shows, still derive from those of the original hieroglyphic inscriptions. Lamb also traces the relationship between month names as cognates, synonyms, or homonyms, and then reconstructs each name’s history of development, connecting the Maya month names in several calendars to ancient texts and archaeological finds. In this landmark study, Lamb’s investigations afford new insight into the agricultural, astronomical, ritual, and even political motivations behind names and dates in the Maya calendar. A history of descent and diffusion, of unexpected connectedness and longevity, The Maya Calendar offers readers a deep understanding of a foundational aspect of Maya culture.
The Calendar Of The Mayas
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Author : Wolfgang Alexander Schocken
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
The Calendar Of The Mayas written by Wolfgang Alexander Schocken and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Science categories.
Western Mesoamerican Calendars And Writing Systems
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Author : Mikkel Bøg Clemmensen
language : en
Publisher: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2023-06-08
Western Mesoamerican Calendars And Writing Systems written by Mikkel Bøg Clemmensen and has been published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-08 with History categories.
Mesoamerica is one of the few places to witness the independent invention of writing. Bringing together new research, papers discuss the writing systems of Teotihuacan, Mixteca Baja, the Epiclassic period and Aztec writing of the Postclassic. These writing systems represent more than a millennium of written records and literacy in Mesoamerica.