The Measurement Of Grain Boundary Geometry

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The Measurement Of Grain Boundary Geometry

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Author : Valerie Randle
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-07-12

The Measurement Of Grain Boundary Geometry written by Valerie Randle and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-12 with Science categories.

As the selection of material for particular engineering properties becomes increasingly important in keeping costs down, methods for evaluating material properties also become more relevant. One such method examines the geometry of grain boundaries, which reveals much about the properties of the material. Studying material properties from their geometrical measurements, The Measurement of Grain Boundary Geometry provides a framework for a specialized application of electron microscopy for metals and alloys and, by extension, for ceramics, minerals, and semiconductors. The book presents an overview of the developments in the theory of grain boundary geometry and its practical applications in material engineering. It also covers the tunneling electron microscope (TEM), experimental aspects of data collection, data processing, and examples from actual investigations. Each step of the analysis process is clearly described, from data collection through processing, analysis, representation, and display to applications. The book also includes a glossary of terms. Exploring both the experimental and analytical aspects of the subject, this practical reference guide is essential for researchers and students involved in material properties, whether in physics, materials science, metallurgy, or physical chemistry.

In Situ Sem Investigation Of Individual And Connected Grain Boundaries In Aluminum

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Author : Dirk Michael Kirch
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2008-05-05

In Situ Sem Investigation Of Individual And Connected Grain Boundaries In Aluminum written by Dirk Michael Kirch and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The recent development in experimental research on grain boundary and triple junction migration and structure in metals has been reviewed in this thesis. The dependence of grain boundary mobility on boundary character (misorientation and inclination) as well as the dependency of the triple junction mobility on the junction crystallography was addressed. The motion of individual grain boundaries and triple junctions was investigated in specially grown bi- and tricrystal samples of high purity aluminum. Orientation contrast imaging in an SEM combined with an in-house developed heating stage was used for in-situ tracking of the microstructure evolution at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, a novel laser powered heating stage was developed in order to enable the microstructure and -texture characterization at elevated temperature up to 1000°C. The migration of connected 100 tilt grain boundaries, was studied experimentally as a function of temperature between 400°C and 580°C. The study revealed that the majority of grain boundary systems were controlled by the lower mobility of the curved grain boundaries rather than the triple junction mobility within the investigated temperature range. Solely one grain boundary system (TJ-41) revealed two different kinetic regimes of coupled triple junction - grain boundary motion dependent on temperature proving the existence of a specific triple junction mobility and its dependence on triple junction crystallography. At low temperatures the motion of the grain boundaries was found to be retarded by the low triple junction mobility. In contrast, at elevated temperatures the system kinetics was found to be grain boundary controlled. The migration of grain boundary systems with triple junction, composed of mixed 110 twist and 40° 111 tilt grain boundaries, was studied experimentally in dependence of temperature for a range of boundary misorientations. In analogy to the study on connected 100 tilt grain boundaries, the majority of grain boundary systems were found to be controlled by the lower mobility of the curved grain boundaries. The only exception was found during investigation of the grain boundary system TJ-twist-19 revealing a system migration influenced by the triple junction mobility at all investigated temperatures, confirming the existence of a finite triple junction mobility and its dependence on triple junction crystallography. However, the boundary system TJ-twist-19 was not found to change its state of motion as observed for sample TJ-41. Aluminum bicrystal samples, containing individual 100 and 111tilt grain boundaries, were investigated experimentally in-situ in a temperature range between 300°C and 640°C for a range of boundary misorientations. The study revealed, for both systems, a different behavior of SAGBs in contrast to LAGBs. Grain boundaries with a rotation angle below 15° were found to be immobile during annealing at a given temperature in conjunction with a faceted grain boundary shape. Owing to grain boundary anisotropy the boundary facets correspond to boundary inclinations which possess a particularly low energy as confirmed by additional MS-simulation studies on bicrystals with equivalent crystallography. In contrast, LAGBs with a misorientation angle larger than 15° did not tend to form grain boundary facets. Instead, the grain boundaries assumed a curved shape and moved in steady-state in the entire investigated temperature range, as expected for curvature driven grain boundary motion assuming grain boundary isotropy. The microstructure evolution of individual circular grains in thecourse of grain shrinkage was simulated for bicrystals implementing a 2D-vertex model. The study revealed that the modeled grain shape is consistent with the experimentally observed boundary shape in bicrystal samples with equivalent crystallography. Furthermore, the study revealed that grain boundary anisotropy can affect the rate of grain area change. In the case of grains with a pronounced grain boundary anisotropy, a preferred formation of straight facets composed of low energy boundary planes was observed. As a result, the mean free energy of the grain boundary was reduced, causing a decrease of the capillary driving force. Owing to the decrease of P, the normal velocity of the respective segments decreased likewise, causing a retardation of grain shrinkage. Finally, the author believes that the results of the studies presented here lead to a better understanding of solitary and connected grain boundaries and their role in modern materials science and engineering.

Calorimetric Measurement Of The Grain Boundary

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Author : Jean Paul Dormont
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962

Calorimetric Measurement Of The Grain Boundary written by Jean Paul Dormont and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with categories.

High Temperature Superconducting Materials Science And Engineering

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Author : Donglu Shi
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1995-02-20

High Temperature Superconducting Materials Science And Engineering written by Donglu Shi and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-02-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book explores the fascinating field of high-temperature superconductivity. Basic concepts–including experimental techniques and theoretical issues–are discussed in a clear, systematic manner. In addition, the most recent research results in the measurements, materials synthesis and processing, and characterization of physical properties of high-temperature superconductors are presented. Researchers and students alike can use this book as a comprehensive introduction not only to superconductivity but also to materials-related research in electromagnetic ceramics. Special features of the book: presents recent developments in vortex-state properties, defects characterization, and phase equilibrium introduces basic concepts for experimental techniques at low temperatures and high magnetic fields provides a valuable reference for materials-related research discusses potential industrial applications of high-temperature superconductivity includes novel processing technologies for thin film and bulk materials suggests areas of research and specific problems whose solution can make high-Tc superconductors a practical reality

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Nanostructured Materials

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Author : Snehanshu Pal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-04-28

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Nanostructured Materials written by Snehanshu Pal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-28 with Mathematics categories.

Molecular dynamics simulation is a significant technique to gain insight into the mechanical behavior of nanostructured (NS) materials and associated underlying deformation mechanisms at the atomic scale. The purpose of this book is to detect and correlate critically current achievements and properly assess the state of the art in the mechanical behavior study of NS material in the perspective of the atomic scale simulation of the deformation process. More precisely, the book aims to provide representative examples of mechanical behavior studies carried out using molecular dynamics simulations, which provide contributory research findings toward progress in the field of NS material technology.

Grain Boundary Segregation In Metals

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Author : Pavel Lejcek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-07-20

Grain Boundary Segregation In Metals written by Pavel Lejcek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Grain boundaries are important structural components of polycrystalline materials used in the vast majority of technical applications. Because grain boundaries form a continuous network throughout such materials, their properties may limit their practical use. One of the serious phenomena which evoke these limitations is the grain boundary segregation of impurities. It results in the loss of grain boundary cohesion and consequently, in brittle fracture of the materials. The current book deals with fundamentals of grain boundary segregation in metallic materials and its relationship to the grain boundary structure, classification and other materials properties.

Grain Boundary Migration In Metals

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Author : Gunter Gottstein
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-12-23

Grain Boundary Migration In Metals written by Gunter Gottstein and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-23 with Science categories.

A major goal of materials science is to create new engineering materials and optimize their cost and performance. Understanding how adjacent materials behave at their borders is an essential part of this process. Grain boundaries are the longest-known crystal defects, but although they were discovered in the mid-eighteenth century, until quite rece

Grain Boundary Reconstruction For Grain Sizing

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Author : JJ. Friel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991

Grain Boundary Reconstruction For Grain Sizing written by JJ. Friel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Artificial intelligence categories.

Measuring ASTM grain size by automatic image analysis is often made difficult by the inability of the image analyzer to detect grain boundaries accurately. For this reason, a logic-based method for grain boundary reconstruction has been developed. ASTM G was measured at various grain sizes both before and after image processing. Automatic image analysis was used to measure the grain size on actual microstructures as well as on standard grain size charts that had grain boundaries intentionally removed. ASTM G was measured by both planimetric and intercept methods. The grain size calculated on the basis of area was much more sensitive to incomplete boundaries than was the calculation based on intercepts. Nevertheless, the software was able to restore the boundaries, and the correct grain size was calculated.

On The Measurement Of Grain Boundary Diffusion At Low Temperatures

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Author : James Cheng-Min Hwang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

On The Measurement Of Grain Boundary Diffusion At Low Temperatures written by James Cheng-Min Hwang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Diffusion categories.

The Mechanical Behavior Of Salt Understanding Of Thmc Processes In Salt

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Author : Manfred Wallner
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-14

The Mechanical Behavior Of Salt Understanding Of Thmc Processes In Salt written by Manfred Wallner and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-14 with Science categories.

A unique opportunity to review the latest progress in an expanding area of interest: the Mechanical Behaviour of Salt. These Proceedings include over fifty papers and summaries describing the latest findings in ongoing studies from a number of research groups. For the 2007 conference, there was a particular focus on the understanding of thermal, mechanical, hydraulic and chemical coupled processes (THMC). Such processes are of specific interest when considering advanced problems in waste disposal, storage and mining. The book includes a number of themes: - laboratory and in-situ investigations modelling, e.g. derivation of constitutive equations - numerical computations and prediction of long-term behaviour - THMC processes in mining projects, storage and permanent disposal - case studies - geology - mining and storage applications and abandonment The International Conferences on the Mechanical Behaviour of Salt have a long tradition, being initiated in 1981 at The Pennsylvania State University, USA. The present conference, the sixth of the series, took place in Hannover, Germany, in May 2007. The conference brought together mining engineers, researchers, and university professors interested in the mechanical behaviour of salt, mostly from Europe and beyond.