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The Metaphorical Brain 2


The Metaphorical Brain 2
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The Metaphorical Brain 2


The Metaphorical Brain 2
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Author : Michael A. Arbib
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989-08-14

The Metaphorical Brain 2 written by Michael A. Arbib and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-08-14 with Computers categories.


This was begun as a revision of the 1972 classic The Metaphorical Brain, but quickly grew into an independent work. This new volume offers readers a timely, in-depth exploration of exciting research into the interplay between brain modeling, computer design and artificial intelligence.



The Metaphorical Brain


The Metaphorical Brain
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Author : Michael A. Arbib
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1972

The Metaphorical Brain written by Michael A. Arbib and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Computers categories.




The Metaphorical Brain


The Metaphorical Brain
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Author : Seana Coulson
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-03-09

The Metaphorical Brain written by Seana Coulson and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-09 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.


Metaphor has been an issue of intense research and debate for decades (see, for example [1]). Researchers in various disciplines, including linguistics, psychology, computer science, education, and philosophy have developed a variety of theories, and much progress has been made [2]. For one, metaphor is no longer considered a rhetorical flourish that is found mainly in literary texts. Rather, linguists have shown that metaphor is a pervasive phenomenon in everyday language, a major force in the development of new word meanings, and the source of at least some grammatical function words [3]. Indeed, one of the most influential theories of metaphor involves the suggestion that the commonality of metaphoric language results because cross-domain mappings are a major determinant in the organization of semantic memory, as cognitive and neural resources for dealing with concrete domains are recruited for the conceptualization of more abstract ones [4]. Researchers in cognitive neuroscience have explored whether particular kinds of brain damage are associated with metaphor production and comprehension deficits, and whether similar brain regions are recruited when healthy adults understand the literal and metaphorical meanings of the same words (see [5] for a review) . Whereas early research on this topic focused on the issue of the role of hemispheric asymmetry in the comprehension and production of metaphors [6], in recent years cognitive neuroscientists have argued that metaphor is not a monolithic category, and that metaphor processing varies as a function of numerous factors, including the novelty or conventionality of a particular metaphoric expression, its part of speech, and the extent of contextual support for the metaphoric meaning (see, e.g., [7], [8], [9]). Moreover, recent developments in cognitive neuroscience point to a sensorimotor basis for many concrete concepts, and raise the issue of whether these mechanisms are ever recruited to process more abstract domains [10]. This Frontiers Research Topic brings together contributions from researchers in cognitive neuroscience whose work involves the study of metaphor in language and thought in order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of metaphor. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it synthesizes current findings on the cognitive neuroscience of metaphor, provides a forum for voicing novel perspectives, and promotes avenues for new research on the metaphorical brain. [1] Arbib, M. A. (1989). The metaphorical brain 2: Neural networks and beyond. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [2] Gibbs Jr, R. W. (Ed.). (2008). The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press. [3] Sweetser, Eve E. "Grammaticalization and semantic bleaching." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Vol. 14. 2011. [4] Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to western thought. Basic books. [5] Coulson, S. (2008). Metaphor comprehension and the brain. The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought, 177-194. [6] Winner, E., & Gardner, H. (1977). The comprehension of metaphor in brain-damaged patients. Brain, 100(4), 717-729. [7] Coulson, S., & Van Petten, C. (2007). A special role for the right hemisphere in metaphor comprehension?: ERP evidence from hemifield presentation. Brain Research, 1146, 128-145. [8] Lai, V. T., Curran, T., & Menn, L. (2009). Comprehending conventional and novel metaphors: An ERP study. Brain Research, 1284, 145-155. [9] Schmidt, G. L., Kranjec, A., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). Beyond laterality: a critical assessment of research on the neural basis of metaphor. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(01), 1-5. [10] Desai, R. H., Binder, J. R., Conant, L. L., Mano, Q. R., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2011). The neural career of sensory-motor metaphors. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(9), 2376-2386.



How To Build A Theory In Cognitive Science


How To Build A Theory In Cognitive Science
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Author : Valerie Gray Hardcastle
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 1996-04-04

How To Build A Theory In Cognitive Science written by Valerie Gray Hardcastle and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-04-04 with Philosophy categories.


Articulates a method for integrating the individual disciplines that compose the cognitive sciences so that unified interdisciplinary theories are possible.



From Object To Experience


From Object To Experience
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Author : Harry Francis Mallgrave
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2018-06-28

From Object To Experience written by Harry Francis Mallgrave and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-28 with Architecture categories.


Harry Francis Mallgrave combines a history of ideas about architectural experience with the latest insights from the fields of neuroscience, cognitive science and evolutionary biology to make a powerful argument about the nature and future of architectural design. Today, the sciences have granted us the tools to help us understand better than ever before the precise ways in which the built environment can affect the building user's individual experience. Through an understanding of these tools, architects should be able to become better designers, prioritizing the experience of space - the emotional and aesthetic responses, and the sense of homeostatic well-being, of those who will occupy any designed environment. In From Object to Experience, Mallgrave goes further, arguing that it should also be possible to build an effective new cultural ethos for architectural practice. Drawing upon a range of humanistic and biological sources, and emphasizing the far-reaching implications of new neuroscientific discoveries and models, this book brings up-to-date insights and theoretical clarity to a position that was once considered revolutionary but is fast becoming accepted in architecture.



Wcnn 96 San Diego California U S A


Wcnn 96 San Diego California U S A
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Author : International Neural Network Society
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1996

Wcnn 96 San Diego California U S A written by International Neural Network Society and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Neural networks (Computer science) categories.




Neuroscience From Neural Networks To Artificial Intelligence


Neuroscience From Neural Networks To Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Pablo Rudomin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Neuroscience From Neural Networks To Artificial Intelligence written by Pablo Rudomin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.


The Central Nervous System can be considered as an aggregate of neurons specialized in both the transmission and transformation of information. Information can be used for many purposes, but probably the most important one is to generate a representation of the "external" world that allows the organism to react properly to changes in its external environment. These functions range from such basic ones as detection of changes that may lead to tissue damage and eventual destruction of the organism and the implementation of avoidance reactions, to more elaborate representations of the external world implying recognition of shapes, sounds and textures as the basis of planned action or even reflection. Some of these functions confer a clear survival advantage to the organism (prey or mate recognition, escape reactions, etc. ). Others can be considered as an essential part of cognitive processes that contribute, to varying degrees, to the development of individuality and self-consciousness. How can we hope to understand the complexity inherent in this range of functionalities? One of the distinguishing features of the last two decades has been the availability of computational power that has impacted many areas of science. In neurophysiology, computation is used for experiment control, data analysis and for the construction of models that simulate particular systems. Analysis of the behavior of neuronal networks has transcended the limits of neuroscience and is now a discipline in itself, with potential applications both in the neural sciences and in computing sciences.



Perspectives On Imitation Imitation Human Development And Culture


Perspectives On Imitation Imitation Human Development And Culture
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Author : Susan L. Hurley
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2005

Perspectives On Imitation Imitation Human Development And Culture written by Susan L. Hurley and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Psychology categories.


A state-of-the-art view of imitation from leading researchers in neuroscience and brain imaging, animal and developmental psychology, primatology, ethology, philosophy, anthropology, media studies, economics, sociology, education, and law.



Visual Structures And Integrated Functions


Visual Structures And Integrated Functions
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Author : Michael A. Arbib
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Visual Structures And Integrated Functions written by Michael A. Arbib and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.


This volume integrates theory and experiment to place the study of vision within the context of the action systems which use visual information. This theme is developed by stressing: (a) The importance of situating anyone part of the brain in the context of its interactions with other parts of the brain in subserving animal behavior. The title of this volume emphasizes that visual function is to be be viewed in the context of the integrated functions of the organism. (b) Both the intrinsic interest of frog and toad as animals in which to study the neural mechanisms of visuomotor coordination, and the importance of comparative studies with other organisms so that we may learn from an analysis of both similarities and differences. The present volume thus supplements our studies of frog and toad with papers on salamander, bird and reptile, turtle, rat, gerbil, rabbit, and monkey. (c) Perhaps most distinctively, the interaction between theory and experiment.



Networking Of Psychophysics Psychology And Neurophysiology


Networking Of Psychophysics Psychology And Neurophysiology
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Author : Bruce J. West
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :

Networking Of Psychophysics Psychology And Neurophysiology written by Bruce J. West and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.


To many scientists the gap between the nineteenth century views of consciousness proposed by the psychologist William James and that developed by the inventor of psychophysics Gustav Fechner has never seemed wider. However the twentieth century concept of collective/cooperative behavior within the brain has partially reconciled these diverging perspectives suggesting the notion of consciousness as a physical phenomenon. A kernel of twenty-first century investigators bases their investigations on physiological fluctuations experiments. These fluctuations, although apparently erratic, when analyzed with advanced methods of fractal statistical analysis reveal the emergence of complex behavior, intermediate between complete order and total randomness, a property usually referred to as temporal complexity. Others, with the help of modern technologies, such MRI, establish a more direct analysis of brain dynamics, and focus on the brain’s topological complexity. Consequently the two groups adopt different approaches, the former being based on phenomenological and macroscopic considerations, and the latter resting on the crucial role of neuron interactions. The neurophysiology research work has an increasing overlap with the emerging field of complex networks, whereas the behavior psychology experiments have until recently ignored the complex cooperative dynamics that are proved by increasing experimental evidence to characterize the brain function. It is crucial to examine both the experimental and theoretical studies that support and those that challenge the view that it is an emergent collective property that allows the healthy brain to function. What needs to be discussed are new ways to understand the transport of information through complex networks sharing the same dynamical properties as the brain. In addition we need to understand information transfer between complex networks, say between the brain and a controlled experimental stimulus. Experiments suggest that brain excitation is described by inverse power-law distributions and recent studies in network dynamics indicate that this distribution is the result of phase transitions due to neuron network dynamics. It is important to stress that the development of dynamic networking establishes a connection between topological and temporal complexity, establishing that a scale-free distribution of links is generated by the dynamic correlation between dynamic elements located at very large Euclidean distances from one another. Dynamic networking and dynamics networks suggest a new way to transfer information: the long-distance communication through local cooperative interaction. It is anticipated that the contributed discussions will clarify how the global intelligence of a complex network emerges from the local cooperation of units and the role played by critical phase transitions in the observed persistence of this cooperation.