The Nature Of Expertise
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The Nature Of Expertise
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Author : Michelene T.H. Chi
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-01-02
The Nature Of Expertise written by Michelene T.H. Chi and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-02 with Psychology categories.
Due largely to developments made in artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology during the past two decades, expertise has become an important subject for scholarly investigations. The Nature of Expertise displays the variety of domains and human activities to which the study of expertise has been applied, and reflects growing attention on learning and the acquisition of expertise. Applying approaches influenced by such disciplines as cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science, the contributors discuss those conditions that enhance and those that limit the development of high levels of cognitive skill.
Surpassing Ourselves
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Author : Carl Bereiter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Surpassing Ourselves written by Carl Bereiter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Education categories.
Expertise arouses fears of a society ruled by an elite of specialists in white coats, or else it arouses derision because of the ineffectual bumbling of the so-called 'experts.'. In Surpassing Ourselves, Bereiter and Scardamalia demonstrate that these stereotypes of expertise are false. Drawing upon the latest research in cognitive psychology, they show that expertise is something other than training, experience, knowledge, or formal qualifications. Many individuals acquire all these without ever becoming experts, while some beginners, even schoolchildren, already approach problems in an 'expertlike' fashion. Expertise is a process of progressive problem-solving in which people continuously rethink and redefine their tasks. A future 'expert society' will not be a heaven in which all problems have disappeared, but a realistic utopia in which endless problem-solving will be a highly-valued part of life.
The Nature Of Expertise
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Author : Robert Glaser
language : en
Publisher: Ohio State Univ Center on education
Release Date : 1985
The Nature Of Expertise written by Robert Glaser and has been published by Ohio State Univ Center on education this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Psychology categories.
Academic Literacy And The Nature Of Expertise
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Author : Cheryl Geisler
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1994
Academic Literacy And The Nature Of Expertise written by Cheryl Geisler and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Education categories.
First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Nature Of Expertise In Professional Acting
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Author : Helga Noice
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-04-15
The Nature Of Expertise In Professional Acting written by Helga Noice and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-15 with Psychology categories.
For nearly 25 years, expertise has been considered an important testing ground for theories of cognition. Cognitive scientists have examined experts as diverse as chess masters, waiters, field-hockey players, and computer programmers. Recently, increased attention has been given to the arts, including dance, music appreciation and performance, and literary analysis. It is therefore somewhat surprising that--except for the authors' program of research dating from the late 1980s--virtually no studies on the cognitive processes of professional actors can be found in the literature. These experts not only routinely memorize hours of verbal material in a very short time, but they retrieve it verbatim along with the accompanying gestures, movements, thoughts, and emotions of the characters. The mental processes involved in this task constitute the subject of this recent research and are described in detail in this book.
Academic Literacy And The Nature Of Expertise
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Author : Cheryl Geisler
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-11-05
Academic Literacy And The Nature Of Expertise written by Cheryl Geisler and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The first full-length account integrating both the cognitive and sociological aspects of reading and writing in the academy, this unique volume covers educational research on reading and writing, rhetorical research on writing in the disciplines, cognitive research on expertise in ill-defined problems, and sociological and historical research on the professions. The author produced this volume as a result of a research program aimed at understanding the relationship between two concepts -- literacy and expertise -- which traditionally have been treated as quite separate phenomena. A burgeoning literature on reading and writing in the academy has begun to indicate fairly consistent patterns in how students acquire literacy practices. This literature shows, furthermore, that what students do is quite distinct from what experts do. While many have used these results as a starting point for teaching students "how to be expert," the author has chosen instead to ask about the interrelationship between expert and novice practice, seeing them both as two sides of the same project: a cultural-historical "professionalization project" aimed at establishing and preserving the professional privilege. The consequences of this "professionalization project" are examined using the discipline of academic philosophy as the "site" for the author's investigations. Methodologically unique, these investigations combine rhetorical analysis, protocol analysis, and the analysis of classroom discourse. The result is a complex portrait of how the participants in this humanistic discipline use their academic literacy practices to construct and reconstruct a great divide between expert and lay knowledge. This monograph thus extends our current understanding of the rhetoric of the professions and examines its implications for education.
A History And Philosophy Of Expertise
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Author : Jamie Carlin Watson
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2021-11-18
A History And Philosophy Of Expertise written by Jamie Carlin Watson and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-18 with Philosophy categories.
In this comprehensive tour of the long history and philosophy of expertise, from ancient Greece to the 20th century, Jamie Carlin Watson tackles the question of expertise and why we can be skeptical of what experts say, making a valuable contribution to contemporary philosophical debates on authority, testimony, disagreement and trust. His review sketches out the ancient origins of the concept, discussing its early association with cunning, skill and authority and covering the sort of training that ancient thinkers believed was required for expertise. Watson looks at the evolution of the expert in the middle ages into a type of “genius” or “innate talent” , moving to the role of psychological research in 16th-century Germany, the influence of Darwin, the impact of behaviorism and its interest to computer scientists, and its transformation into the largely cognitive concept psychologists study today.
The Psychology Of Expertise
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Author : Robert R. Hoffman
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-25
The Psychology Of Expertise written by Robert R. Hoffman and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Psychology categories.
This volume investigates our ability to capture, and then apply, expertise. In recent years, expertise has come to be regarded as an increasingly valuable and surprisingly elusive resource. Experts, who were the sole active dispensers of certain kinds of knowledge in the days before AI, have themselves become the objects of empirical inquiry, in which their knowledge is elicited and studied -- by knowledge engineers, experimental psychologists, applied psychologists, or other experts -- involved in the development of expert systems. This book achieves a marriage between experimentalists, applied scientists, and theoreticians who deal with expertise. It envisions the benefits to society of an advanced technology for capturing and disseminating the knowledge and skills of the best corporate managers, the most seasoned pilots, and the most renowned medical diagnosticians. This book should be of interest to psychologists as well as to knowledge engineers who are "out in the trenches" developing expert systems, and anyone pondering the nature of expertise and the question of how it can be elicited and studied scientifically. The book's scope and the pivotal concepts that it elucidates and appraises, as well as the extensive categorized bibliographies it includes, make this volume a landmark in the field of expert systems and AI as well as the field of applied experimental psychology.
The Nature And Value Of Knowledge
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Author : Duncan Pritchard
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2010-05-20
The Nature And Value Of Knowledge written by Duncan Pritchard and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-20 with Philosophy categories.
This volume comprises three distinct investigations into the relationship between the nature and the value of knowledge. Each is written by one of the authors in consultation with the other two. 'Knowledge and Understanding' (by Duncan Pritchard) critically examines virtue-theoretic responses to the problem of the value of knowledge, and argues that the finally valuable cognitive state is not knowledge but understanding. 'Knowledge and Recognition' (by Alan Millar) develops an account of knowledge in which the idea of a recognitional ability plays a prominent role, and argues that this account enables us better to understand knowledge and its value. 'Knowledge and Action' (by Adrian Haddock) argues for an account of knowledge and justification which explains why knowledge is valuable, and enables us to make sense of the knowledge we have of our intentional actions.
Informal Information Flow And The Nature Of Expertise In Financial Services
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Author : James Fleck
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Informal Information Flow And The Nature Of Expertise In Financial Services written by James Fleck and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Communication in organizations categories.