The Origin Of Individuals
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The Origin Of Individuals
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Author : Jean-Jacques Kupiec
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2009
The Origin Of Individuals written by Jean-Jacques Kupiec and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Science categories.
In the 17th century, Descartes put forth the metaphor of the machine to explain the functioning of living beings. In the 18th century, La Mettrie extended the metaphor to man. The clock was then used as the paradigm of the machine. In the 20th century, this metaphor still held but the clock was replaced by a computer. Nowadays, the organism is viewed as a robot obeying signals emanating from a computer program controlled by genetic information. This book shows that such a conception leads to contradictions not only in the theory of biology but also in its experimental research program, thereby impeding its development. The analysis of this problem is based on the most recent experimental data obtained in molecular biology as well as the history and philosophy of biology. It shows that the machine theory did not succeed in breaking with Aristotle''s finalism. The book presents a new approach to biological systems based on cellular Darwinism. Genes are ruled by probabilistic mechanisms allowing cells to differentiate stochastically. Embryo development is not governed by a determinist genetic program but by natural selection occurring among cell populations inside the organism. This theory has considerable philosophical consequences. Man may be a machine but he is a random one.
The Origin Then And Now
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Author : David N. Reznick
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2010
The Origin Then And Now written by David N. Reznick and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
The "Origin" Then and Now is a unique guide to Darwin's masterwork, making it accessible to a much wider audience by deconstructing and reorganizing the Origin in a way that allows for a clear explanation of its key concepts. The "Origin" Then and Now is an indispensable primer for anyone seeking to understand Darwin's Origin of Species and the ways it has shaped the modern study of evolution.
The Origin Of Species
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Author : Charles Darwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-06-20
The Origin Of Species written by Charles Darwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-20 with categories.
On the Origin of Species is a scientific work by an English naturalist Charles Darwin. It is one of the most famous works in the history of science and foundational in the sphere of evolutionary study. Darwinism is a minimum program for everyone who studies the evolution of nature. Darwin wrote his book interestingly, emotionally, and in a popular form, explaining numerous biological ideas and events of the nature...
On The Origin Of Species Illustrated
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Author : Charles Darwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-09-30
On The Origin Of Species Illustrated written by Charles Darwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-30 with categories.
On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), [3] published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.[4] Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation
The Foundations Of The Origin Of Species Two Essays Written In 1842 And 1844
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Author : Charles Darwin
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-14
The Foundations Of The Origin Of Species Two Essays Written In 1842 And 1844 written by Charles Darwin and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-14 with categories.
The Foundations of the Origin of Species Two Essays written in 1842 and 1844 by Charles Darwin We know from the contents of Charles Darwin's Note Book of 1837 that he was at that time a convinced Evolutionist. Nor can there be any doubt that, when he started on board the Beagle, such opinions as he had were on the side of immutability. When therefore did the current of his thoughts begin to set in the direction of Evolution? We have first to consider the factors that made for such a change. On his departure in 1831, Henslow gave him vol. I. of Lyell's Principles, then just published, with the warning that he was not to believe what he read. But believe he did, and it is certain (as Huxley has forcibly pointed out) that the doctrine of uniformitarianism when applied to Biology leads of necessity to Evolution. If the extermination of a species is no more catastrophic than the natural death of an individual, why should the birth of a species be any more miraculous than the birth of an individual? It is quite clear that this thought was vividly present to Darwin when he was writing out his early thoughts in the 1837 Note Book: - "Propagation explains why modern animals same type as extinct, which is law almost proved. They die, without they change, like golden pippins; it is a generation of species like generation of individuals." "If species generate other species their race is not utterly cut off." We are delighted to publish this classic book as part of our extensive Classic Library collection. Many of the books in our collection have been out of print for decades, and therefore have not been accessible to the general public. The aim of our publishing program is to facilitate rapid access to this vast reservoir of literature, and our view is that this is a significant literary work, which deserves to be brought back into print after many decades. The contents of the vast majority of titles in the Classic Library have been scanned from the original works. To ensure a high quality product, each title has been meticulously hand curated by our staff. Our philosophy has been guided by a desire to provide the reader with a book that is as close as possible to ownership of the original work. We hope that you will enjoy this wonderful classic work, and that for you it becomes an enriching experience
From Groups To Individuals
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Author : Frederic Bouchard
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2013-03-22
From Groups To Individuals written by Frederic Bouchard and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-22 with Science categories.
The biological and philosophical implications of the emergence of new collective individuals from associations of living beings. Our intuitive assumption that only organisms are the real individuals in the natural world is at odds with developments in cell biology, ecology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and other fields. Although organisms have served for centuries as nature's paradigmatic individuals, science suggests that organisms are only one of the many ways in which the natural world could be organized. When living beings work together—as in ant colonies, beehives, and bacteria-metazoan symbiosis—new collective individuals can emerge. In this book, leading scholars consider the biological and philosophical implications of the emergence of these new collective individuals from associations of living beings. The topics they consider range from metaphysical issues to biological research on natural selection, sociobiology, and symbiosis. The contributors investigate individuality and its relationship to evolution and the specific concept of organism; the tension between group evolution and individual adaptation; and the structure of collective individuals and the extent to which they can be defined by the same concept of individuality. These new perspectives on evolved individuality should trigger important revisions to both philosophical and biological conceptions of the individual. Contributors Frédéric Bouchard, Ellen Clarke, Jennifer Fewell, Andrew Gardner, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Charles J. Goodnight, Matt Haber, Andrew Hamilton, Philippe Huneman, Samir Okasha, Thomas Pradeu, Scott Turner, Minus van Baalen
The Origin Nature And Evolution Of Protoplasmic Individuals And Their Associations
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Author : Faustino Cordon
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
The Origin Nature And Evolution Of Protoplasmic Individuals And Their Associations written by Faustino Cordon and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
The Origin, Nature and Evolution of Protoplasmic Individuals and their Associations explores living beings of all levels of complexity in relation to each other and to the various ambient sources that they use to survive: protoplasmic individuals and their associations, cells and their associations, animals, and man. The book considers the concepts of evolution and of living beings; the main stages in biological evolution; the organisms' individuality, nature, way of formation, phylogenetic, and ontogenetic origin; essential property of the organisms of living beings; and creature modeling. The text also discusses the phylogenesis, ontogenesis, and the nature of the soma; the spatial and temporal environment connecting biological and geological evolution; and concepts of feeding and nutrition. Three separate sections describe phylogenetic origin of the first protoplasmic individuals; the protoplasmic individual as defined by its action and experience; and evolution in protoplasmic level.
Population Ecology Of Individuals Mpb 25 Volume 25
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Author : Adam Lomnicki
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Population Ecology Of Individuals Mpb 25 Volume 25 written by Adam Lomnicki and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
A common tendency in the field of population ecology has been to overlook individual differences by treating populations as homogeneous units; conversely, in behavioral ecology the tendency has been to concentrate on how individual behavior is shaped by evolutionary forces, but not on how this behavior affects population dynamics. Adam Lomnicki and others aim to remedy this one-sidedness by showing that the overall dynamical behavior of populations must ultimately be understood in terms of the behavior of individuals. Professor Lomnicki's wide-ranging presentation of this approach includes simple mathematical models aimed at describing both the origin and consequences of individual variation among plants and animals. The author contends that further progress in population ecology will require taking into account individual differences other than sex, age, and taxonomic affiliation--unequal access to resources, for instance. Population ecologists who adopt this viewpoint may discover new answers to classical questions of population ecology. Partly because it uses a variety of examples from many taxonomic groups, this work will appeal not only to population ecologists but to ecologists in general.
The Selfish Gene
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Author : Richard Dawkins
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1989
The Selfish Gene written by Richard Dawkins and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Medical categories.
Science need not be dull and bogged down by jargon, as Richard Dawkins proves in this entertaining look at evolution. The themes he takes up are the concepts of altruistic and selfish behaviour; the genetical definition of selfish interest; the evolution of aggressive behaviour; kinshiptheory; sex ratio theory; reciprocal altruism; deceit; and the natural selection of sex differences. 'Should be read, can be read by almost anyone. It describes with great skill a new face of the theory of evolution.' W.D. Hamilton, Science
Genetics And The Origin Of Species
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Author : Francisco Jos_ Ayala
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1997-01-01
Genetics And The Origin Of Species written by Francisco Jos_ Ayala and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Evolution (Biology) categories.