The Origins Of The Idea Of Scientific Progress
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The Origins Of The Idea Of Scientific Progress
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Author : Daniel Špelda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-06-21
The Origins Of The Idea Of Scientific Progress written by Daniel Špelda and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-21 with Science categories.
This volume offers a new interpretation of the genesis of the idea of scientific progress in early modern science and philosophy. The interpretation argues that the idea of scientific progress was not a historical category, but an epistemological one. The main thesis of the book posits that the idea of scientific progress was a methodological means of dealing with the contingency of nature. To illustrate the novelty of the idea, the individual chapters compare several features of Renaissance natural philosophy with a new regime of knowledge that included time as an inevitable factor of empirical research. The temporal regime of knowledge is illustrated by the work of Bernard de Fontenelle and his colleagues at the Académie des sciences in Paris at the end of the 17th century. The new interpretation remedies a gap in recent scholarship where the idea of scientific progress has been overlooked even though the early modern natural philosophers themselves used it to describe the nature of their research. The book places both well-known texts and less-studied documents in a new light, thus contributing to the lively and rich debate on the origins and nature of early modern science and philosophy. It is of interest to scholars studying the history of early modern philosophy and science.
The Structure Of Scientific Revolutions
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Author : Thomas S. Kuhn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
The Structure Of Scientific Revolutions written by Thomas S. Kuhn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Science categories.
History Of The Idea Of Progress
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Author : Robert Nisbet
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-12
History Of The Idea Of Progress written by Robert Nisbet and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-12 with History categories.
The idea of progress from the Enlightenment to postmodernism is still very much with us. In intellectual discourse, journals, popular magazines, and radio and talk shows, the debate between those who are "progressivists" and those who are "declinists" is as spirited as it was in the late seventeenth century. In History of the Idea of Progress, Robert Nisbet traces the idea of progress from its origins in Greek, Roman, and medieval civilizations to modern times. It is a masterful frame of reference for understanding the present world. Nisbet asserts there are two fundamental building blocks necessary to Western doctrines of human advancement: the idea of growth, and the idea of necessity. He sees Christianity as a key element in both secular and spiritual evolution, for it conveys all the ingredients of the modern idea of progress: the advancement of the human race in time, a single time frame for all the peoples and epochs of the past and present, the conception of time as linear, and the envisagement of the future as having a Utopian end. In his new introduction, Nisbet shows why the idea of progress remains of critical importance to studies of social evolution and natural history. He provides a contemporary basis for many disciplines, including sociology, economics, philosophy, religion, politics, and science. History of the Idea of Progress continues to be a major resource for scholars in all these areas.
Finalization In Science
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Author : Wolf Schäfer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Finalization In Science written by Wolf Schäfer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
These essays on Finalization in Science - The Social Orientation of Scientific Progress comprise a remarkable, problematic and controversial book. The authors propose a thesis about the social direction of scientific research which was the occasion of a lively and often bitter debate in Germany from 1976 to 1982. Their provocative thesis, briefly, is this: that modern science converges, historically, to the development of a number of 'closed theories', i. e. stable and relatively completed sciences, no longer to be improved by small changes but only by major changes in an entire theoretical structure. Further: that at such a stage of 'mature theory', the formerly viable norm of intra-scientific autonomy may appropriately be replaced by the social direction' of further scientific research (within such a 'mature' field) for socially relevant or, we may bluntly say, 'task-oriented' purposes. This is nothing less than a theory for the planning and social directing of science, under certain specific conditions. Understandably, it raised the sharp objections that such an approach would subordinate scientific inquiry as a free and untrammeled search for truth to the dictates of social relevance and dominant interests, even possibly to dictation and control for particularistic social and political interests.
Scientific Philosophy Origins And Development
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Author : F. Stadler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Scientific Philosophy Origins And Development written by F. Stadler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Science categories.
Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development is the first Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The book contains original contributions to an international symposium which was the first public event to be organised by the Institute: `Vienna--Berlin--Prague: The Rise of Scientific Philosophy: The Centenaries of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach and Edgar Zilsel.' The first section of the book - `Scientific Philosophy - Origins and Developments' reveals the extent of scientific communication in the inter-War years between these great metropolitan centres, as well as presenting systematic investigations into the relevance of the heritage of the Vienna Circle to contemporary research and philosophy. This section offers a new paradigm for scientific philosophy, one which contrasts with the historiographical received view of logical empiricism. Support for this re-evaluation is offered in the second section, which contains, for the first time in English translation, Gustav Bergmann's recollections of the Vienna Circle, and an historical study of political economist Wilhelm Neurath, Otto Neurath's father. The third section gives a report on current computer-based research which documents the relevance of Otto Neurath's `Vienna method of pictorial statistics', or `Isotypes'. A review section describes new publications on Neurath and the Vienna Circle, as well anthologies relevant to Viennese philosophy and its history, setting them in their wider cultural and political perspective. Finally, a description is given of the Vienna Circle Institute and its activities since its foundation, as well as of its plans for the future.
How Scientific Progress Occurs Incrementalism And The Life Sciences
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Author : Elof Axel Carlson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024-05-07
How Scientific Progress Occurs Incrementalism And The Life Sciences written by Elof Axel Carlson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-07 with Science categories.
The Idea Of Progress
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Author : John Bagnell Bury
language : en
Publisher: BoD - Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-02-27
The Idea Of Progress written by John Bagnell Bury and has been published by BoD - Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-27 with Social Science categories.
"We may believe in the doctrine of Progress or we may not, but in either case it is a matter of interest to examine the origins and trace the history of what is now, even should it ultimately prove to be no more than an idolum saeculi, the animating and controlling idea of western civilisation." Contents: • Some Interpretations of Universal History: Bodin and Le Roy • Utility the End of Knowledge: Bacon • Cartesianism • The Doctrine of Degeneration: the Ancients and Moderns • The Progress of Knowledge: Fontenelle • The General Progress of Man: Abbe De Saint-Pierre • New Conceptions of History: Montesquieu, Voltaire, Turgot • The Encyclopaedists and Economists • Was Civilisation a Mistake? Rousseau, Chastellux • The Year 2440 • The French Revolution: Condorcet • The Theory of Progress in England • German Speculations on Progress • Currents of Thought in France After the Revolution • The Search for a Law of Progress: • "Progress" in the French Revolutionary Movement (1830-1851) • Material Progress: the Exhibition of 1851 • Progress in the Light of Evolution.
Thematic Origins Of Scientific Thought
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Author : Gerald Holton
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1988-05-25
Thematic Origins Of Scientific Thought written by Gerald Holton and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-05-25 with Science categories.
The highly acclaimed first edition of this major work convincingly established Gerald Holton’s analysis of the ways scientific ideas evolve. His concept of “themata,” induced from case studies with special attention to the work of Einstein, has become one of the chief tools for understanding scientific progress. It is now one of the main approaches in the study of the initiation and acceptance of individual scientific insights. Three principal consequences of this perspective extend beyond the study of the history of science itself. It provides philosophers of science with the kind of raw material on which some of the best work in their field is based. It helps intellectual historians to redefine the place of modern science in contemporary culture by identifying influences on the scientific imagination. And it prompts educators to reexamine the conventional concepts of education in science. In this new edition, Holton has masterfully reshaped the contents and widened the coverage. Significant new material has been added, including a penetrating account of the advent of quantum physics in the United States, and a broad consideration of the integrity of science, as exemplified in the work of Niels Bohr. In addition, a revised introduction and a new postscript provide an updated perspective on the role of themata. The result of this thoroughgoing revision is an indispensable volume for scholars and students of scientific thought and intellectual history.
Progress And Rationality In Science
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Author : G. Radnitzky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Progress And Rationality In Science written by G. Radnitzky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This collection of essays has evolved through the co-operative efforts, which began in the fall of 1974, of the participants in a workshop sponsored by the Fritz Thyssen Foundation. The idea of holding one or more small colloquia devoted to the topics of rational choice in science and scientific progress originated in a conversation in the summer of 1973 between one of the editors (GR) and the late Imre Lakatos. Unfortunately Lakatos himself was never able to see this project through, but his thought-provoking methodology of scientific research programmes was ably expounded and defended by his successors. Indeed, this volume continues and deepens the debate inaugurated in Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge (edited by Imre Lakatos and Alan Musgrave), a book which grew out of a conference held in 1965. That debate has continued during the years that have passed since that conference. The group of discussions about the place of rationality in science which have been held between those who emphasize the history of science (with Feyerabend and Kuhn as the most prominent exponents) and the critical rationalists (Popper and his followers), with Imre Lakatos defending a middle ground, these discussions were seen by almost all commentators as the most important event in the philosophy of science in the last decade. This problem area constituted the central theme of our Thyssen workshop. The workshop operated in the following manner.
Science And Technology In World History Volume 4
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Author : David Deming
language : en
Publisher: McFarland
Release Date : 2016-04-05
Science And Technology In World History Volume 4 written by David Deming and has been published by McFarland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-05 with History categories.
The history of science is a story of human discovery--intertwined with religion, philosophy, economics and technology. The fourth in a series, this book covers the beginnings of the modern world, when 16th-century Europeans began to realize that their scientific achievements surpassed those of the Greeks and Romans. Western Civilization organized itself around the idea that human technological and moral progress was achievable and desirable. Science emerged in 17th-century Europe as scholars subordinated reason to empiricism. Inspired by the example of physics, men like Robert Boyle began the process of changing alchemy into the exact science of chemistry. During the 18th century, European society became more secular and tolerant. Philosophers and economists developed many of the ideas underpinning modern social theories and economic policies. As the Industrial Revolution fundamentally transformed the world by increasing productivity, people became more affluent, better educated and urbanized, and the world entered an era of unprecedented prosperity and progress.