The Origins Of Virtue
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The Origins Of Virtue
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Author : Matt Ridley
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 1997-10-30
The Origins Of Virtue written by Matt Ridley and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-10-30 with Psychology categories.
Why are people nice to each other? What are the reasons for altrusim? Matt Ridley explains how the human mind has evolved a special instinct for social exchange, offering a lucid and persuasive argument about the paradox of human benevolence.
The Origins Of Virtue
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Author : Matt Ridley
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 1997-10-30
The Origins Of Virtue written by Matt Ridley and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-10-30 with Philosophy categories.
Matt Ridley explores such perplexing conundrums as why, if humans are such egoistical beings, don't they behave as rational fools and forego the benefits of cooperation. He uses the findings of new research to look afresh at "Mankind".
Moral Origins
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Author : Christopher Boehm
language : en
Publisher: Basic Books
Release Date : 2012-05-01
Moral Origins written by Christopher Boehm and has been published by Basic Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-01 with Science categories.
From the age of Darwin to the present day, biologists have been grappling with the origins of our moral sense. Why, if the human instinct to survive and reproduce is "selfish," do people engage in self-sacrifice, and even develop ideas like virtue and shame to justify that altruism? Many theories have been put forth, some emphasizing the role of nepotism, others emphasizing the advantages of reciprocation or group selection effects. But evolutionary anthropologist Christopher Boehm finds existing explanations lacking, and in Moral Origins, he offers an elegant new theory. Tracing the development of altruism and group social control over 6 million years, Boehm argues that our moral sense is a sophisticated defense mechanism that enables individuals to survive and thrive in groups. One of the biggest risks of group living is the possibility of being punished for our misdeeds by those around us. Bullies, thieves, free-riders, and especially psychopaths -- those who make it difficult for others to go about their lives -- are the most likely to suffer this fate. Getting by requires getting along, and this social type of selection, Boehm shows, singles out altruists for survival. This selection pressure has been unique in shaping human nature, and it bred the first stirrings of conscience in the human species. Ultimately, it led to the fully developed sense of virtue and shame that we know today.A groundbreaking exploration of the evolution of human generosity and cooperation, Moral Origins offers profound insight into humanity's moral past -- and how it might shape our moral future.
Necessary Virtue
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Author : Charles P. Hanson
language : en
Publisher: University of Virginia Press
Release Date : 1998
Necessary Virtue written by Charles P. Hanson and has been published by University of Virginia Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with History categories.
Tracing the Constitution's separation of church and state to the need for French assistance in the fight against the British during the Revolutionary War, the author examines the significant break with the traditional, virulent anti- Catholicism of colonial New England Protestants. While some saw the break as a necessary result of shedding the colonial past, the author argues that many saw it as a temporary expedient to be dispensed with as soon as possible. The alliances with France and French Canadians, he says, had the effect of redrawing religious boundaries and disabusing some Americans of their habitual intolerance. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Bridging The Gap Between Aristotle S Science And Ethics
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Author : Devin Henry
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2015-05-05
Bridging The Gap Between Aristotle S Science And Ethics written by Devin Henry and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-05 with Literary Criticism categories.
Explores the extent to which Aristotle's ethical treatises employ the concepts, methods, and practices developed in his 'scientific' works.
The Political Economy Of Virtue
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Author : John Shovlin
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2006
The Political Economy Of Virtue written by John Shovlin and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Economics categories.
'The Political Economy of Virtue' offers an interpretation of political economy in the second half of the 18th century. It covers the key turning points in the development of French political economy.
The Origins Of Fairness
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Author : Nicolas Baumard
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-03-01
The Origins Of Fairness written by Nicolas Baumard and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-01 with Philosophy categories.
In order to describe the logic of morality, "contractualist" philosophers have studied how individuals behave when they choose to follow their moral intuitions. These individuals, contractualists note, often act as if they have bargained and thus reached an agreement with others about how to distribute the benefits and burdens of mutual cooperation. Using this observation, such philosophers argue that the purpose of morality is to maximize the benefits of human interaction. The resulting "contract" analogy is both insightful and puzzling. On one hand, it captures the pattern of moral intuitions, thus answering questions about human cooperation: why do humans cooperate? Why should the distribution of benefits be proportionate to each person's contribution? Why should the punishment be proportionate to the crime? Why should the rights be proportionate to the duties? On the other hand, the analogy provides a mere as-if explanation for human cooperation, saying that cooperation is "as if" people have passed a contract-but since they didn't, why should it be so? To evolutionary thinkers, the puzzle of the missing contract is immediately reminiscent of the puzzle of the missing "designer" of life-forms, a puzzle that Darwin's theory of natural selection essentially resolved. Evolutionary and contractualist theory originally intersected at the work of philosophers John Rawls and David Gauthier, who argued that moral judgments are based on a sense of fairness that has been naturally selected. In this book, Nicolas Baumard further explores the theory that morality was originally an adaptation to the biological market of cooperation, an arena in which individuals competed to be selected for cooperative interactions. In this environment, Baumard suggests, the best strategy was to treat others with impartiality and to share the costs and benefits of cooperation in a fair way, so that those who offered less than others were left out of cooperation while those who offered more were exploited by their partners. It is with this evolutionary approach that Baumard ultimately accounts for the specific structure of human morality.
Virtue Ethics Old And New
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Author : Stephen Mark Gardiner
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2005
Virtue Ethics Old And New written by Stephen Mark Gardiner and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Philosophy categories.
"There are grounds for saying that contemporary work in virtue ethics is, if not quite in its theoretical infancy, at least not far out of diapers. And this suggests that we should be gentle and nurturing, allowing it time to flourish before coming to any definitive verdict on its merits.... However, it is hard to deny that modern-day virtue ethics is part of a long, sophisticated and fairly continuous tradition. Not only does the approach have origins almost as ancient as philosophy itself, but its history also includes extensive work by such philosophical luminaries as (at least) Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, Aquinas, and (perhaps) Hume and Nietzsche. And this suggests that we should already be in a good position to assess its appeal."--from the Introduction In Virtue Ethics, Old and New, ten philosophers seek to enrich the contemporary understanding and development of virtue ethics through a detailed examination of some key contributions from its past. Their essays demonstrate the continuing relevance of the history of moral philosophy to contemporary debates.
Virtues Of The Mind
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Author : Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1996-09-13
Virtues Of The Mind written by Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-09-13 with Philosophy categories.
This remarkable book is the first attempt to establish a theory of knowledge based on the model of virtue theory in ethics.
The Bourgeois Virtues
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Author : Deirdre Nansen McCloskey
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2010-03-15
The Bourgeois Virtues written by Deirdre Nansen McCloskey and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-15 with Business & Economics categories.
For a century and a half, the artists and intellectuals of Europe have scorned the bourgeoisie. And for a millennium and a half, the philosophers and theologians of Europe have scorned the marketplace. The bourgeois life, capitalism, Mencken’s “booboisie” and David Brooks’s “bobos”—all have been, and still are, framed as being responsible for everything from financial to moral poverty, world wars, and spiritual desuetude. Countering these centuries of assumptions and unexamined thinking is Deirdre McCloskey’s The Bourgeois Virtues, a magnum opus that offers a radical view: capitalism is good for us. McCloskey’s sweeping, charming, and even humorous survey of ethical thought and economic realities—from Plato to Barbara Ehrenreich—overturns every assumption we have about being bourgeois. Can you be virtuous and bourgeois? Do markets improve ethics? Has capitalism made us better as well as richer? Yes, yes, and yes, argues McCloskey, who takes on centuries of capitalism’s critics with her erudition and sheer scope of knowledge. Applying a new tradition of “virtue ethics” to our lives in modern economies, she affirms American capitalism without ignoring its faults and celebrates the bourgeois lives we actually live, without supposing that they must be lives without ethical foundations. High Noon, Kant, Bill Murray, the modern novel, van Gogh, and of course economics and the economy all come into play in a book that can only be described as a monumental project and a life’s work. The Bourgeois Virtues is nothing less than a dazzling reinterpretation of Western intellectual history, a dead-serious reply to the critics of capitalism—and a surprising page-turner.