The Perception Of Causality
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The Perception Of Causality
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Author : Albert Michotte
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-27
The Perception Of Causality written by Albert Michotte and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-27 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1963, this is a classic work on the psychology of perception. By means of suitable patterns on a partly concealed rotating disc Michotte was able to give the impression of objects in movement; and where certain conditions of speed, position, and time-interval were satisfied, his subjects received the impression of a causal interaction between two objects – for example, the impression that one object has ‘bumped into’ another (the ‘Launching Effect’) or is carrying it along (the ‘Entraining Effect’). In a further group of experiments Michotte studies the conditions in which moving objects look as though they are alive. A large number of experiments are described, and on the basis of them Michotte formulates a theory as to the conditions in which causal impressions occur. He also compares his own views on causality with those of Hume, Maine de Biran, and Piaget.
An Exploratory Study Of The Perception Of Causality
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Author : Lambros Houssiadas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964
An Exploratory Study Of The Perception Of Causality written by Lambros Houssiadas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Causation categories.
Spatio Temporal Effects On The Perception Of Causality
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Author : Goutami Shenvi
language : en
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin
Release Date : 2005
Spatio Temporal Effects On The Perception Of Causality written by Goutami Shenvi and has been published by Logos Verlag Berlin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
The human visual system is exquisitely sensitive to dynamics. Causalityis a key concept for human thought and action: The world around us appears as acoherent flow of events, each event caused by others which are in turn caused by other events, and so on. Albert Michotte (1963) showed that humans perceive causality directly or indirectly as a low-level perceptual event. As a result, theimpression of purposeful, intentional relations are "surprisingly easy" to obtain. Despite traditional claims to the contrary, observers are reasonably sensitive to physical and social causality in the real world, at least if they have relevant knowledge of causal structures in schematic motion events. In this thesis the influence of physical factors on 'action radius', up to the extent that the motion of the second object is seen to be caused by the first object is measured. Physical factors such as the speed of the passive object, the juxtaposition of collision in the context of variations in the arrival of Object A and departure of Object B (from some point in space) and the effects of negative delays (Object B departure is prior to Object A motion termination) were explored. Resulted that perceived causality is shown to be a function, not only of automatic processing but also constitutes a perception-action heuristic which is shown to be strategic in operation and at the same time exquisitely sensitive to the temporal structure of external events.
The Perception Of Causality And Intentionality
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Author : Clyde D. Elliott
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
The Perception Of Causality And Intentionality written by Clyde D. Elliott and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with categories.
Perception Causation And Objectivity
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Author : Johannes Roessler
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-07-14
Perception Causation And Objectivity written by Johannes Roessler and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-14 with Philosophy categories.
Leading philosophers and psychologists offer a rigorous assessment of the commonsense view that perceptual experience is an immediate awareness of mind-independent objects. They examine the nature of perception, its role in the acquisition of knowledge, the role of causation in perception, and how perceptual understanding develops in humans.
Symmetry Causality Mind
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Author : Michael Leyton
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1992
Symmetry Causality Mind written by Michael Leyton and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Philosophy categories.
In this investigation of the psychological relationship between shape and time, Leyton argues compellingly that shape is used by the mind to recover the past and as such it forms a basis for memory. Michael Leyton's arguments about the nature of perception and cognition are fascinating, exciting, and sure to be controversial. In this investigation of the psychological relationship between shape and time, Leyton argues compellingly that shape is used by the mind to recover the past and as such it forms a basis for memory. He elaborates a system of rules by which the conversion to memory takes place and presents a number of detailed case studies--in perception, linguistics, art, and even political subjugation--that support these rules. Leyton observes that the mind assigns to any shape a causal history explaining how the shape was formed. We cannot help but perceive a deformed can as a dented can. Moreover, by reducing the study of shape to the study of symmetry, he shows that symmetry is crucial to our everyday cognitive processing. Symmetry is the means by which shape is converted into memory. Perception is usually regarded as the recovery of the spatial layout of the environment. Leyton, however, shows that perception is fundamentally the extraction of time from shape. In doing so, he is able to reduce the several areas of computational vision purely to symmetry principles. Examining grammar in linguistics, he argues that a sentence is psychologically represented as a piece of causal history, an archeological relic disinterred by the listener so that the sentence reveals the past. Again through a detailed analysis of art he shows that what the viewer takes to be the experience of a painting is in fact the extraction of time from the shapes of the painting. Finally he highlights crucial aspects of the mind's attempt to recover time in examples of political subjugation.
The Effect Of Practice Upon The Perception Of Causality
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1958
The Effect Of Practice Upon The Perception Of Causality written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1958 with Psychology, Applied categories.
Time And Causality
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Author : Marc J. Buehner
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-08-06
Time And Causality written by Marc J. Buehner and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-06 with Causation categories.
The problem of how humans and other intelligent systems construct causal representations from non-causal perceptual evidence has occupied scholars in cognitive science for many decades. Most contemporary approaches agree with David Hume that patterns of covariation between two events of interest are the critical input to the causal induction engine, irrespective of whether this induction is believed to be grounded in the formation of associations (Shanks & Dickinson, 1987), rule-based evaluation (White, 2004), appraisal of causal powers (Cheng, 1997), or construction of Bayesian Causal Networks (Pearl, 2000). Recent research, however, has repeatedly demonstrated that an exclusive focus on covariation while neglecting contiguity (another of Hume’s cues) results in ecologically invalid models of causal inference. Temporal spacing, order, variability, predictability, and patterning all have profound influence on the type of causal representation that is constructed. The influence of time upon causal representations could be seen as a bottom-up constraint (though current bottom-up models cannot account for the full spectrum of effects). However, causal representations in turn also constrain the perception of time: Put simply, two causally related events appear closer in subjective time than two (equidistant) unrelated events. This reversal of Hume’s conjecture, referred to as Causal Binding (Buehner & Humphreys, 2009) is a top-down constraint, and suggests that our representations of time and causality are mutually influencing one another. At present, the theoretical implications of this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. Some accounts link it exclusively to human motor planning (appealing to mechanisms of cross-modal temporal adaptation, or forward learning models of motor control). However, recent demonstrations of causal binding in the absence of human action, and analogous binding effects in the visual spatial domain, challenge such accounts in favour of Bayesian Evidence Integration. This Research Topic reviews and further explores the nature of the mutual influence between time and causality, how causal knowledge is constructed in the context of time, and how it in turn shapes and alters our perception of time. We draw together literatures from the perception and cognitive science, as well as experimental and theoretical papers. Contributions investigate the neural bases of binding and causal learning/perception, methodological advances, and functional implications of causal learning and perception in real time.
Michotte S Experimental Phenomenology Of Perception
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Author : Georges Thinés
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-08
Michotte S Experimental Phenomenology Of Perception written by Georges Thinés and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-08 with Philosophy categories.
This volume of collected papers, with the accompanying essays by the editors, is the definitive source book for the work of this important experimental psychologist. Originally published in 1991, it offered previously inaccessible essays by Albert Michotte on phenomenal causality, phenomenal permanence, phenomenal reality, and perception and cognition. Within these four sections are the most significant and representative of the Belgian psychologist's research in the area of experimental phenomenology. Extremely insightful introductions by the editors are included that place the essays in context. Michotte's ideas have played an important role in much research on the development of perception, and his work on social perception continues to be influential in social psychology. The book also includes some lesser-known aspects of his work that are equally important; for example, a remarkable set of articles on pictorial analysis.
Mind And Causality
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Author : Alberto Peruzzi
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2004-02-25
Mind And Causality written by Alberto Peruzzi and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-25 with Philosophy categories.
Which causal patterns are involved in mental processes?On what mechanisms does the self-organisation of cognitive structure rest? Can a naturalistic view account for the basic resources of intentionality, while avoiding the objections to reductive materialism? By considering the developmental, phenomenological and biological aspects linking mind and causality, this volume offers a state-of-the art theoretical proposal emphasising the fine-tuning of cognition with the complexity of bodily dynamics.In contrast to the de-coupling of mind from the physical environment in classical information-processing models, growth of brain’s architecture and stabilisation of perception–action cycles are considered decisive, with no need for an eliminative approach to representations pursued by neural network models. The tools provided by physics and biology for the description of massive causal interactions, on top of which ‘qualitative’ changes occur, are exploited to suggest a model of the mind as a many-layered, co-evolving system. (Series A)