The Pharos Lighthouse In Alexandria
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The Pharos Lighthouse In Alexandria
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Author : Andrew Michael Chugg
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-03-07
The Pharos Lighthouse In Alexandria written by Andrew Michael Chugg and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-07 with History categories.
This comprehensive and insightful book brings scientific rigor to the problems of reconstructing the Pharos Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and understanding how it functioned as the archetypal lighthouse in antiquity, when it was described as a “second Sun”. Conceived by Alexander the Great and designed by Sostratus, the Pharos lighthouse stood as an iconic landmark of Alexandria for sixteen centuries until felled by a calamitous earthquake in the fourteenth century. The study of this great lighthouse has been neglected relative to other ancient Wonders such as the Great Pyramid of Giza. This book reconstructs the tower, its lustrous light, stunning statues and astounding story in diligent detail through archaeological evidence and surviving antique texts and images, providing a fresh evaluation of the Pharos, its history, and its legacy. The Roman writer Achilles Tatius termed the Pharos a “second Sun”; this expression is explained and explored here for the first time, and has dramatic implications for the nature of the Pharos’ light. The volume also explores how the creation of the Pharos was a key stimulus for Alexandrian science and astronomy in antiquity. The Pharos Lighthouse in Alexandria provides a fascinating new study of this monument of interest to students and scholars of Hellenistic art, architecture, and science, and readers seeking to learn more about one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
A Lighthouse For Alexandria
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Author : Thomas C. Clarie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008-01-01
A Lighthouse For Alexandria written by Thomas C. Clarie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-01 with Alexandria (Egypt) categories.
The Lighthouse Of Alexandria
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-02-18
The Lighthouse Of Alexandria written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-18 with categories.
*Includes pictures. *Includes historic accounts that describe the Lighthouse. *Explains the debates over how the lighthouse was built and operated, and how it was destroyed. *Includes a bibliography for further reading. "At the harbor of Alexandria stands the tower called Pharos, the first wonder. It is held together by glass and lead and is 600 yards high" - Epiphanius the Monk "The Pharos today is composed of four stages. The first, of a rectangular design, is remarkably built in rectangular cut stones, of which the joints are so well concealed that the whole seems to be formed of a single block of stone, remaining insensible to the ravages of time." - Al Bakri, a medieval traveler and writer. Over 2,000 years ago, two ancient writers named Antipater of Sidon and Philo of Byzantium authored antiquity''s most well known tour guides. After the two Greeks had traveled around the Mediterranean, they wrote of what they considered to be the classical world''s greatest construction projects. While there is still some question as to who actually authored the text attributed to Philo and when it was authored, their lists ended up comprising the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, igniting interest in the ones they chose and inspiring subsequent generations to identify their own era''s Seven Wonders. The youngest of the Wonders also turned out to be the most practical and one of the longest-lived, surviving into the late Middle Ages. It was a lighthouse built on the northern coast of Egypt in Africa, at the Greek city founded in Alexander''s name. It was the Pharos, the Great Lighthouse of Alexandria. Among antiquity''s wonders, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was fairly unique both in terms of its purpose and its secular nature. While pyramids and statues served religious purposes in Egypt and Greece, and others were impressive works of art, the origins of the Lighthouse were not even as a lighthouse at all. Instead, the large formation on the island of Pharos in the harbor of Alexandria was originally meant to help sailors identify the location of the city during the day, and some speculate it was not until later that Alexandrians decided to make it a true lighthouse that would serve sailors at night. Julius Caesar himself noted the Lighthouse''s other practical use in his commentaries about Rome''s civil wars: "Now because of the narrowness of the strait there can be no access by ship to the harbour without the consent of those who hold the Pharos. In view of this, Caesar took the precaution of landing his troops while the enemy was preoccupied with fighting, seized the Pharos and posted a garrison there. The result was that safe access was secured for his...supplies and reinforcements." It''s easy to understand Caesar''s point, because while there is still debate over its height, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was unquestionably one of the tallest man-made structures in the world at the time, if not the tallest. While ancient accounts often exaggerated its height, medieval Arab sources often claimed it was somewhere around 300-350 feet tall, with an incredibly wide base, and those sources wrote at a time where it had already required repairs due to earthquake damage. Efforts to repair it kept going until the 14th century, when the damage was so extensive that it was mostly left in ruins, the last of which were taken for other building projects and/or slipped underneath the Mediterranean. Fortunately, due to descriptions of the lighthouse and archaeological remains, modern scholars are able to understand this wonder better than most, and there may even be future attempts to build a replica and bring it back to life. The Lighthouse of Alexandria covers the ancient wonder''s history and the mysteries surrounding it, including the debate over how it was built, operated, and destroyed. Along with pictures and a bibliography, you will learn about the Lighthouse of Alexandria like never before.
Voyage To The Pharos
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Author : Sarah Gauch
language : en
Publisher: Viking Juvenile
Release Date : 2009
Voyage To The Pharos written by Sarah Gauch and has been published by Viking Juvenile this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Juvenile Fiction categories.
A young boy in ancient times embarks on an adventurous sea voyage to Alexandria, Egypt, home of the famous Pharos Lighthouse.
The Library Of Alexandria And The Lighthouse Of Alexandria
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-05-07
The Library Of Alexandria And The Lighthouse Of Alexandria written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-07 with History categories.
*Includes pictures depicting important people, places, and events. *Includes ancient accounts about the two sites and their destruction. *Includes a bibliography for further reading. In the modern world, libraries are taken for granted by most people, perhaps because their presence is ubiquitous. Every school has a library, large libraries can be found in every major city, and even most small towns have public libraries. However, the omnipresent nature of libraries is a fairly recent historical phenomenon, because libraries were still few and far between before the 19th century. For centuries in the Western world, during what is known as the Middle Ages, written knowledge was guarded closely and hidden away in private repositories, usually by the religious classes, and hidden away in private repositories. The lack of libraries in the West helped contribute to the popular imagination of the ancient Library at Alexandria, and all the myths and legends that have come to be associated with it, but the Library of Alexandria deserves its reputation. While the exact nature of the Library remains murky, it functioned for at least several centuries and is believed to have housed hundreds of thousands of books, most written as scrolls on papyrus, and it essentially became the culmination of two ancient literary and cultural traditions converging: the Greek and Egyptian. Of course, the most controversial aspect of the Library of Alexandria is its destruction, which is still a topic of debate today. Over 2,000 years ago, two ancient writers named Antipater of Sidon and Philo of Byzantium authored antiquity's most well known tour guides. After the two Greeks had traveled around the Mediterranean, they wrote of what they considered to be the classical world's greatest construction projects. While there is still some question as to who actually authored the text attributed to Philo and when it was authored, their lists ended up comprising the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, igniting interest in the ones they chose and inspiring subsequent generations to identify their own era's Seven Wonders. The youngest of the Wonders also turned out to be the most practical and one of the longest-lived, surviving into the late Middle Ages. It was a lighthouse built on the northern coast of Egypt in Africa, at the Greek city founded in Alexander's name. It was the Pharos, the Great Lighthouse of Alexandria. Among antiquity's wonders, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was fairly unique both in terms of its purpose and its secular nature. While pyramids and statues served religious purposes in Egypt and Greece, and others were impressive works of art, the origins of the Lighthouse were not even as a lighthouse at all. Instead, the large formation on the island of Pharos in the harbor of Alexandria was originally meant to help sailors identify the location of the city during the day, and some speculate it was not until later that Alexandrians decided to make it a true lighthouse that would serve sailors at night. While there is still debate over its height, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was unquestionably one of the tallest man-made structures in the world at the time, if not the tallest. While ancient accounts often exaggerated its height, medieval Arab sources often claimed it was somewhere around 300-350 feet tall, with an incredibly wide base, and those sources wrote at a time where it had already required repairs due to earthquake damage. Efforts to repair it kept going until the 14th century, when the damage was so extensive that it was mostly left in ruins, the last of which were taken for other building projects and/or slipped underneath the Mediterranean. Fortunately, due to descriptions of the lighthouse and archaeological remains, modern scholars are able to understand this wonder better than most, and there may even be future attempts to build a replica and bring it back to life.
The Mirror Of Pharos
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Author : J S Landor
language : en
Publisher: Troubador Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2017-11-28
The Mirror Of Pharos written by J S Landor and has been published by Troubador Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-28 with Juvenile Fiction categories.
An action-packed, high concept, time-travelling adventure. Full of animal magic and with an epic wolf character. Linked to a website with ‘Meet the Character’ profiles, book excerpt and background stories
The Electric Mirror On Ancient Alexandria S Pharos Lighthouse And Other Ancient Lighting
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Author : Larry Brian Radka
language : en
Publisher: Electric Mirror Pharos Light
Release Date : 2006-01-01
The Electric Mirror On Ancient Alexandria S Pharos Lighthouse And Other Ancient Lighting written by Larry Brian Radka and has been published by Electric Mirror Pharos Light this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Electric lighting categories.
A Pharos Through Time
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Author : Susan Graves
language : en
Publisher: Olive Branch Publishing
Release Date : 2014-07-22
A Pharos Through Time written by Susan Graves and has been published by Olive Branch Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-22 with History categories.
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World have been lost to us until now. Journey with me as we look at the history behind one of the Great wonders the Lighthouse of Alexandria. In this book you will discover the history, construction and destruction of this iconic tower.
The Architecture Of Alexandria And Egypt C 300 B C To A D 700
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Author : Judith McKenzie
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2007-01-01
The Architecture Of Alexandria And Egypt C 300 B C To A D 700 written by Judith McKenzie and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Architecture categories.
This masterful history of the monumental architecture of Alexandria, as well as of the rest of Egypt, encompasses an entire millennium—from the city’s founding by Alexander the Great in 331 B.C. to the years just after the Islamic conquest of A.D. 642. Long considered lost beyond recall, the architecture of ancient Alexandria has until now remained mysterious. But here Judith McKenzie shows that it is indeed possible to reconstruct the city and many of its buildings by means of meticulous exploration of archaeological remains, written sources, and an array of other fragmentary evidence. The book approaches its subject at the macro- and the micro-level: from city-planning, building types, and designs to architectural style. It addresses the interaction between the imported Greek and native Egyptian traditions; the relations between the architecture of Alexandria and the other cities and towns of Egypt as well as the wider Mediterranean world; and Alexandria’s previously unrecognized role as a major source of architectural innovation and artistic influence. Lavishly illustrated with new plans of the city in the Ptolemaic, Roman, and Byzantine periods; reconstruction drawings; and photographs, the book brings to life the ancient city and uncovers the true extent of its architectural legacy in the Mediterranean world.
14 Fun Facts About The Lighthouse Of Alexandria
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Author : Jeannie Meekins
language : en
Publisher: Learning Island
Release Date : 2017-11-27
14 Fun Facts About The Lighthouse Of Alexandria written by Jeannie Meekins and has been published by Learning Island this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-27 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Alexander the Great was a Greek ruler. He conquered many lands. He also built or named 17 cities Alexandria – after himself. One of these cities is in Egypt, 20 miles west of the Nile. In this a massive, ancient lighthouse was built. The Lighthouse of Alexandria is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Amaze your family and friends with these fun facts about the Lighthouse of Alexandria.