The Philosopher As Witness
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The Philosopher As Witness
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Author : Michael L. Morgan
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 2009-01-01
The Philosopher As Witness written by Michael L. Morgan and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Philosophy categories.
Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003), one of the most important Jewish philosophers of the twentieth century, called on the world at large not only to bear witness to the Holocaust as an unprecedented assault on Judaism and on humanity, but also to recognize that the question of what it means to philosophize—indeed, what it means to be human—must be raised anew in its wake. The Philosopher as Witness begins with two recent essays written by Fackenheim himself and includes responses to the questions that Fackenheim posed to philosophy, Judaism, and humanity after the Holocaust. The contributors to this book dare to extend that questioning through a critical examination of Fackenheim's own thought and through an exploration of some of the ramifications of his work for fields of study and realms of religious life that transcend his own.
The Voice Of Misery
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Author : Gert-Jan van der Heiden
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 2020-01-01
The Voice Of Misery written by Gert-Jan van der Heiden and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-01 with Philosophy categories.
From analytic epistemology to gender theory, testimony is a major topic in philosophy today. Yet, one distinctive approach to testimony has not been fully appreciated: the recent history of contemporary continental philosophy offers a rich source for another approach to testimony. In this book, Gert-Jan van der Heiden argues that a continental philosophy of testimony can be developed that is guided by those forms of bearing witness that attest to limit experiences of human existence, in which the human is rendered mute, speechless, or robbed of a common understanding. In the first part, Van der Heiden explores this sense of testimony in a reading of several literary texts, ranging from Plato's literary inventions to those of Kierkegaard, Melville, Soucy, and Mortier. In the second part, based on the orientation offered by the literary experiments, Van der Heiden offers a more systematic account of testimony in which he distinguishes and analyzes four basic elements of testimony. In the third part, he shows what this analysis implies for the question of the truth and the truthfulness of testimony. In his discussion with philosophers such as Heidegger, Derrida, Lyotard, Agamben, Foucault, Ricoeur, and Badiou, Van der Heiden also provides an overview of how the problem of testimony emerges in a number of thinkers pivotal to twentieth- and twenty-first-century thought.
Testimony
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Author : C. A. J. Coady
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 1992-04-16
Testimony written by C. A. J. Coady and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-04-16 with Philosophy categories.
The role of testimony in the getting of reliable belief or knowledge is a central but neglected epistemological issue. Western philosophical tradition has paid scant attention to the individual thinker's reliance upon the word of others; yet we are in fact profoundly dependent on others for a vast amount of what any of us claims to know. Professor Coady begins by exploring the nature and depth of our reliance upon testimony, addressing the complex definitional puzzles surrounding the idea. He analyses the tradition of debate on the topic in order to reveal the epistemic individualism which has given rise to an illusory ideal of `autonomous knowledge', and to gain a deeper understanding of the issues. He concludes this part of the book by showing what a feasible justification of testimony as a source of knowledge could be. In the second half of the book the author uses this new view of testimony to challenge certain widespread assumptions in the fields of history, mathematics, psychology, and law.
Testimony
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Author : C. A. J. Coady
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Testimony written by C. A. J. Coady and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
From Witnessing To Testimony Studia Phaenomenologica Volume 21 2021
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Author : Paul Marinescu
language : un
Publisher: Zeta Books
Release Date : 2021-09-01
From Witnessing To Testimony Studia Phaenomenologica Volume 21 2021 written by Paul Marinescu and has been published by Zeta Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-01 with Philosophy categories.
FROM WITNESSING TO TESTIMONY Paul Marinescu and Cristian Ciocan, Introduction: From Witnessing to Testimony Gert-Jan van der Heiden, Testimony and Engagement: On the Four Elements of Witnessing Abstract: In order to develop a hermeneutic-phenomenological analysis of testimony, this essay will first argue that testimony is “said in many ways” without being homonymous and that contemporary epistemological approaches to testimony are not capable of accounting for all paradigmatic forms of testimony. Second, it is argued, following and extending the work of Paul Ricoeur, that by emphasizing the sense of engagement or Bezogenheit as a basic characteristic of testimony, we may find another approach to testimony that offers a phenomenological alternative to the observational model of witnessing and the accompanying conception of testimony as report. Third, this approach is further developed and analyzed in terms of the four elements of testimony, namely, subject matter, witness, act of testifying, and addressee. Dorothée Legrand, Ecouter parler le langage – Triplicité du témoignage Abstract: We explore the idea that a testimony is always constituted by at least three parts—the word of the witness, the listening of the one to whom it is addressed, and language as a symbolic register where speaking and listening are inscribed. Thus, the structure of testimony would not be captured only by the subjective formula “I was there”—a subject designates himself in reference to a past experience—, nor by the intersubjective formula “I am speaking to you”—a subject designates himself and his listener in the synchrony of the word addressing the other. What is also necessary to consider, in order to capture the structure of testimony, is that “there is language”—the testimony transcends diachronically the speaker and the hearer by inscribing them inseparably in the symbolic register that they share, namely language. Michele Averchi, Knowledge by Hearing. A Husserlian Antireductionist Phenomenology of Testimony Abstract: In this paper, I argue that Husserl offers an important, although almost completely neglected so far, contribution to the reductionist/antireductionist debate about testimony. Through a phenomenological analysis, Husserl shows that testimony works through the constitution of an intentional intersubjective bond between the speaker and the hearer. In this paper, I focus on the Logical Investigations, a 1914 manuscript now published as text 2 in Husserliana 20.2, and a 1931 manuscript now published as Appendix 12 in Husserliana 15. I argue that, in those texts, Husserl highlights three essential phenomenological features of testimony: a) testimony is personal, meaning that it only takes place among persons, b) testimony is social, meaning that it requires the joint effort of multiple cognitive agents, c) testimony is community-building, meaning that it generates a long-lasting social bond among the parts involved. Yasuhiko Sugimura, Témoigner après la « fin de la philosophie » : L’herméneutique radicale du témoignage dans la philosophie française post-heideggérienne Abstract: Witnessing after the “end of philosophy,” in the sense in which Heidegger mentions it in his famous lecture on “The end of philosophy and the task of thinking”—what does this mean for us and our world today? As a preparation for an answer to this question, the present study proposes to elaborate a radical hermeneutics of testimony, by invoking French philosophers who can be qualified as “post-Heideggerian”—Lévinas, Ricoeur, Derrida, among others—whose thoughts of the testimony were developed through the essential critique on Heideggerian idea of attestation (Bezeugung) and the creative reactivation of the semantic resources historically preserved by terms such as “witness” and “testimony”. Jean-Philippe Pierron, Pourquoi avons-nous besoin du témoignage ? Penser le témoignage avec Paul Ricœur Abstract: This article proposes to analyze the relations between ethics and the poetics of testimony. It does so by testing Paul Ricoeur’s analyses of testimony with the literary work of the Belarusian Nobel Prize winner Svletana Alexievitch. After having shown why witnessing occupies a type of expressivity that is singular in contemporary times, and then having been surprised by the strong links that unite witnessing and the experience of evil, Alexievitch’s work is chosen to explain what the resource of the poetic could be, in the face of the question of evil. Ultimately, the consequences are drawn for the development of a practical wisdom in which testimony would be in a good place. Rodolphe Olcèse, Excès du témoignage, déhiscence du témoin. Søren Kierkegaard, Emmanuel Lévinas, Jean-Louis Chrétien Abstract: This text articulates the concept of subjective truth developed by Søren Kierkegaard in Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments, in connection to a conception of testimony which both exceeds and reveals the possibilities of thinking and acting of the witness. This imbalance between the testimony and the witness finds an important extension in the distinction between the Saying and the Said made by Emmanuel Lévinas in Otherwise than Being, or Beyond Essence. This distinction opens up an understanding of thought as affectivity and allows witnessing to be viewed in the light of responsibility to the other. By being part of this philosophical heritage, Jean-Louis Chrétien shows how the testimony of the infinite is also phenomenalized in the experience of a chant that discovers its own modalities in this excess of beauty on the voice that tries to say it. Francesca Peruzzotti, Entre parole et histoire. Le témoin dans la philosophie de Jean-Luc Marion Abstract: Witnessing is an increasingly important theme in the work of Jean-Luc Marion. According to Marion, the witness can be considered an appropriate figure to define the first person, the “I,” without reducing it to subjectivism and without envisaging the intersubjective tie as binary (dual or dialogic), inasmuch as the testimony refers instead to a ternary relation. The present analysis investigates the difference Marion identifies between the religious witness and what seems to be, according to common sense, the regular witness. While in the latter case, the subject is completely foreign to the event to which s/he testifies, in the case of the religious witness, the commitment is total. We will tackle this difference by showing that the fact of testifying always implies a connection with effectivity, which reveals itself through the profound commitment characterizing the witness’s life, up to the point of death. This becomes obvious when considering the role played by the witness’s confessing speech, which establishes an unsurpassable ternary relationship between the witness, the object of the testimony, and the one to whom it is addressed, by deploying an absolute form of the social bond. Rafael Pérez Baquero, Witnessing catastrophe: Testimony and historical representation within and beyond the Holocaust Abstract: This paper explores the contemporary phenomenological and psychoanalytical analyses of testimonies regarding traumatic historical events, with special attention to how such testimonies pose new challenges for the historiography of historical events in which witnesses participated. By exploring discussions on the memory of the Holocaust as well as the Spanish Civil War and Francoist repression, this paper addresses the extent to which the tensions and temporalities underlying the process of bearing witness to and giving testimony about traumatic historical events might reshape how their history is being told, written, and remembered. Lovisa Andén, Literary Testimonies and Fictional Experiences: Gulag Literature in between Facts and Fiction [OPEN ACCESS] Abstract: This article discusses the role of Gulag literature in connection to testimony, literature and historical documentation. Drawing on the thoughts of Jacques Derrida and Hannah Arendt, the article examines the difficulty of witnesses being believed in the absence of evidence. In particular, the article focuses on the vulnerability of the Gulag authors, due to the ongoing Soviet repression at the time of their writing. It examines the interplay between the repression and the literature that exposed it. The article contends that the fictionalization of Gulag literature enabled the authors to go further in challenging Soviet repression. Focusing on the fictional accounts written by Varlam Shalamov and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, it argues that the fictionalized Gulag literature makes the experience of the camp universe possible to imagine for those outside, allowing readers to believe in an experience that otherwise seems incredible. Cassandra Falke, The Reader as Witness in Contemporary Global Novels Abstract: Phenomenological literary criticism has long taken the one-on-one exchange with an other as the model for thinking about the reader-to-text relationship. However, new novels portraying genocides and civil wars are more likely to position readers as witnesses. Drawing on Jean-Luc Marion’s description of the subject as witness as well as works by Kelly Oliver and Jacques Derrida, this article offers a phenomenological description of the reader as witness. As witness, the reader is situated both by the literary text and also by his or her particular embodied and intersubjective relations to the world. Constituted and no longer constituting, the reader/subject as witness finds herself a site in which other’s decisions have already been made, and her responsibility arises from the decisions she makes possible for others in the future. VARIA Burt C. Hopkins, Image and Original in Plato and Husserl Abstract: I compare Plato’s and Husserl’s accounts of (i) the non-original appearance (termed phantasma in Plato and phantasm in Husserl) and (ii) the original with a focus on their methodologies for distinguishing between them and the phenomenological—i.e., the answer to the question of the what and how of their appearance—criteria that drive their respective methodologies. I argue that Plato’s dialectical method is phenomenologically superior to Husserl’s reflective method in the case of phantasmata that function as apparitions (the false phantasma/phantasm that is not recognized as such). Plato’s method has the capacity to discern the apparition on the basis of criteria that appeal solely to its appearance, whereas Husserl’s method presupposes a non-apparent primitive distinction between the original qua primal impression and the phantasm as its reproductive modification. On the basis of Plato’s methodological superiority in this regard, I sketch a reformulation of the Husserlian approach to appearances guided by the original interrogative context of Plato’s dialectical account of the distinction between true and false appearances, eikones and phantasmata. Gabriele Baratelli, Mathematical Knowledge and the Origin of Phenomenology: The Question of Symbols in Early Husserl Abstract: The paper is divided into two parts. In the first one, I set forth a hypothesis to explain the failure of Husserl’s project presented in the Philosophie der Arithmetik based on the principle that the entire mathematical science is grounded in the concept of cardinal number. It is argued that Husserl’s analysis of the nature of the symbols used in the decadal system forces the rejection of this principle. In the second part, I take into account Husserl’s explanation of why, albeit independent of natural numbers, the system is nonetheless correct. It is shown that its justification involves, on the one hand, a new conception of symbols and symbolic thinking, and on the other, the recognition of the question of “the formal” and formalization as pivotal to understand “the mathematical” overall. Alexis Delamare, The Power of Husserl’s Third Logical Investigation. Formal and applied mereology in Zur Lehre von den Ganzen und Teilen [OPEN ACCESS] Abstract: The peculiar legacy of Husserl’s mereology, chiefly studied by analytic philosophers interested in ontology, has led to a partial understanding of the III. LU, which is too often reduced to a chapter of “formal ontology”. Yet, the power of this Investigation goes far beyond: it enabled Husserl to deal, in the framework of a unified theory, with a vast range of particular problems. The paper focuses on one of these issues, namely abstraction, so as to expose how Husserl instrumentalizes his formal tools in order to tackle material issues. The existence of an up and down pattern is uncovered: Husserl first reinterprets the psychological problem of abstraction in ontological terms (“bottom-up”), before coming back to the original problem with new insights (“top-down”). The second, correlative aim of the paper is to emphasize the key role played by Friedrich Schumann, a forgotten yet crucial character for Husserl’s conception of abstraction. Rolf Kühn, Husserls Begriff der Trieb- und Instinktintentionalität als transzendentale Monadologie. Eine Problemskizze zur methodischen Besinnung der klassischen Phänomenologie Abstract: Considering that Husserl identifies passivity as the general principle of genetic dynamics and as given prior to any intentional activity, the original condition of possibility of such passivity must be clarified. Phenomenological analysis can successfully attest the presence of a drive-habituality operating prior to the level of the I, an instinct-character, thus, that raises the question about life as auto-affective capability. In the framework of a universal monadology the latter’s teleological orientation must be questioned in order to avoid that both the limes constituted by the unconscious as well as affective being remain indeterminate and anonymous, which would not do justice to the transcendental rootedness of drive and instinct through the form of ipseity. Wei Zhang, Scheler’s Reflections on “What is Good?”: The Foundation of a Phenomenological Meta-Ethics Abstract: In Max Scheler’s non-formal ethics of value, “good” is a value but by no means a “non-moral value”; rather, it is a second-order “moral value,” always appearing in the realization of first-order non-moral values. According to the relevant notion of the a priori of phenomenology, all the non-moral values are given in “value cognition,” the moral value of good is self-given in “moral cognition”. The reflections and answers offered by Scheler’s non-formal ethics of value on “What is good?” constitute the foundation of a phenomenological “meta-ethics”. REVIEW ARTICLE Michael Gubser, Eastward: On Phenomenology and European Thought [Witold Płotka and Patrick Eldridge (eds.), Early Phenomenology in Central and Eastern Europe: Main Figures, Ideas, and Problems, Springer, 2020]. Abstract: Płotka and Eldridge’s book is an important addition to the literature on phenomenology and phenomenological history, showing that phenomenology had a lively efflorescence in Eastern Europe during its first four decades. Historians have recently shown phenomenology’s intellectual, cultural, and social importance in postwar Eastern Europe, but this volume demonstrates that phenomenology’s independent East European trajectory began long before World War II—indeed from the earliest years of the movement. The review essay also raises the question of phenomenology’s social and political influence beyond academic circles. BOOK REVIEWS Claudia Șerban Dominique Pradelle, Intuition et idéalités. Phénoménologie des objets mathématiques (PUF, 2020) Delia Popa Alexander Schnell, Qu’est-ce que la phénoménologie transcendentale? (Jérôme Millon, 2020) Iulia Mîțu Lucian Ionel, Sinn und Begriff. Negativität bei Hegel und Heidegger (De Gruyter, 2020) Christian Ferencz-Flatz Mikko Immanen, Toward a Concrete Philosophy. Heidegger and the Emergence of the Frankfurt School (Cornell University Press, 2020) Delia Popa Grégori Jean, L’humanité à son insu (Mémoires des Annales de Phénoménologie, 2020) Marie Pierrat Frederic Jacquet, Naissances (Zeta Books, 2020) Mario Ionuț Maroșan Annabel Herzog, Levinas’s Politics. Justice, Mercy, Universality (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020) Christian Ferencz-Flatz Peter Schmitt, Medienkritik zwischen Anthropologie und Gesellschaftstheorie. Zur Aktualität von Günther Anders und Theodor W. Adorno (Brill, 2020)
Franz Rosenzweig And The Systematic Task Of Philosophy
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Author : Benjamin Pollock
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-03-23
Franz Rosenzweig And The Systematic Task Of Philosophy written by Benjamin Pollock and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-23 with Religion categories.
Benjamin Pollock argues that Franz Rosenzweig's The Star of Redemption is devoted to a singularly ambitious philosophical task: grasping 'the All' - the whole of what is - in the form of a system. In asserting Rosenzweig's abiding commitment to a systematic conception of philosophy, this book breaks rank with the assumptions about Rosenzweig's thought that have dominated recent scholarship. Indeed, the Star's importance is often claimed to lie precisely in the way it opposes philosophy's traditional drive for systematic knowledge and upholds instead a 'new thinking' attentive to the existential concerns, the alterity, and even the revelatory dimension of concrete human life. Pollock shows that these very innovations in Rosenzweig's thought are in fact to be understood as part and parcel of the Star's systematic program. But this is only the case, Pollock claims, because Rosenzweig approaches philosophy's traditional task of system in a radically original manner.
Testimony
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Author : Joseph Shieber
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-07-03
Testimony written by Joseph Shieber and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-03 with Philosophy categories.
The epistemology of testimony has experienced a growth in interest over the last twenty-five years that has been matched by few, if any, other areas of philosophy. Testimony: A Philosophical Introduction provides an epistemology of testimony that surveys this rapidly growing research area while incorporating a discussion of relevant empirical work from social and developmental psychology, as well as from the interdisciplinary study of knowledge-creation in groups. The past decade has seen a number of scholarly monographs on the epistemology of testimony, but there is a dearth of books that survey the current field. This book fills that gap, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of all major competing theories. All chapters conclude with Suggestions for Further Reading and Discussion Questions.
Remnants Of Auschwitz
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Author : Giorgio Agamben
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1999
Remnants Of Auschwitz written by Giorgio Agamben and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with History categories.
A philosophical study of the testimony of the survivors of Auschwitz.In this book the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben looks closely at the literature of the survivors of Auschwitz, probing the philosophical and ethical questions raised by their testimony. "In its form, this book is a kind of perpetual commentary on testimony. It did not seem possible to proceed otherwise. At a certain point, it became clear that testimony contained at its core an essential lacuna; in other words, the survivors bore witness to something it is impossible to bear witness to. As a consequence, commenting on survivors' testimony necessarily meant interrogating this lacuna or, more precisely, attempting to listen to it. Listening to something absent did not prove fruitless work for this author. Above all, it made it necessary to clear away almost all the doctrines that, since Auschwitz, have been advanced in the name of ethics."--Giorgio Agamben
The Witness To Immortality In Literature Philosophy And Life
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Author : George Angier Gordon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1893
The Witness To Immortality In Literature Philosophy And Life written by George Angier Gordon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1893 with Immortality categories.
The Epistemology Of Testimony
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Author : Jennifer Lackey
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2006
The Epistemology Of Testimony written by Jennifer Lackey and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Philosophy categories.
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