The Philosophical Basis Of Evolution
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The Philosophical Basis Of Evolution
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Author : James Croll
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1890
The Philosophical Basis Of Evolution written by James Croll and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1890 with Evolution categories.
Philosophical Basis Of Evolution
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Author : James Croll
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Philosophical Basis Of Evolution written by James Croll and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The Philosophical Basis Of Evolution
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Author : James Croll
language : en
Publisher: Theclassics.Us
Release Date : 2013-09
The Philosophical Basis Of Evolution written by James Croll and has been published by Theclassics.Us this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09 with categories.
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1890 edition. Excerpt: ... 127 CHAPTER XIV NATURAL SELECTION CANNOT EXPLAIN PRODUCTION This figurative expression, Natural Selection, is a somewhat unfortunate one, for it is apt to mislead. It has a tendency to convey the idea, and doeB so to many minds, that nature makes a selection. Nature does no such thing. Natural Selection is simply the survival of the fittest. There is nothing in the nature of selection but this. "The survival of the fittest is consequently a much better expression, but it still leaves in the background a something, the want of which is also apt to mislead. Natural Selection is better expressed by saying that it is the survival of the '" fittest resulting from the destruction of the unfit. The element left out is as important a part of the process r as the survival of the fittest, for it is by means of the/ destruction of the unfit that the fittest are preserve It follows that if Natural Selection is simply the survival of the fit from the destruction of the unfit, it is obvious that it can produce nothing. The simple destruction of that which exists would not produce that which does not exist. The conception is absurd. Natural Selection is not an efficient cause; it has no formative power, no positive efficiency. If a thing already exists, it will tend to preserve and perfect it, but it cannot possibly produce it. That things can be produced by natural selection is a view held by Darwinians in general. Darwin himself not only held that Natural Selection might produce an organ, but he endeavoured to show how one so wonderful as the eye, with all its marvellous adaptations, could be formed by this means. There is certainly in all this some fundamental misapprehension. Natural Selection may be a co/t-l dition in the formation of an organ, ...
The Philosophical Basis Of Evolution
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Author : James Croll
language : en
Publisher: Legare Street Press
Release Date : 2022-10-27
The Philosophical Basis Of Evolution written by James Croll and has been published by Legare Street Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-27 with categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Philosophy Of Social Evolution
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Author : Jonathan Birch
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-10-13
The Philosophy Of Social Evolution written by Jonathan Birch and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-13 with Philosophy categories.
From mitochondria to meerkats, the natural world is full of spectacular examples of social behaviour. In the early 1960s Bill Hamilton changed the way we think about how such behaviour evolves. He introduced three key innovations - now known as Hamilton's rule, kin selection, and inclusive fitness - which have been enormously influential, but which remain the subject of fierce controversy. Hamilton's pioneering work kick-started a research program now known as social evolution theory. This is a book about the philosophical foundations and future prospects of that program. Part I, "Foundations", is a careful exposition and defence of Hamilton's ideas, with a few modifications along the way. In Part II, "Extensions", Jonathan Birch shows how these ideas can be applied to phenomena including cooperation in micro-organisms, cooperation among the cells of a multicellular organism, and culturally evolved cooperation in the earliest human societies. Birch argues that real progress can be made in understanding microbial evolution, evolutionary transitions, and human evolution by viewing them through the lens of social evolution theory, provided the theory is interpreted with care and adapted where necessary. The Philosophy of Social Evolution places social evolution theory on a firm philosophical footing and sets out exciting new directions for further work.
Evolution And The Humanities
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Author : David Holbrook
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 1987
Evolution And The Humanities written by David Holbrook and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Evolution categories.
The Philosophy Of Evolution
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Author : Stephen H. Carpenter
language : en
Publisher: DigiCat
Release Date : 2022-08-10
The Philosophy Of Evolution written by Stephen H. Carpenter and has been published by DigiCat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-10 with Science categories.
"The Philosophy of Evolution Together With a Preliminary Essay on The Metaphysical Basis of Science" are scientific papers read before The Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Art and Letters by Stephen Haskins Carpenter. In this work, Stephen Haskins notes that "all knowledge is essentially one. The object-matter upon which intellect exerts itself does not affect the subjective act of knowing. Physics, when stripped of that which is merely contingent, becomes metaphysics. Physical science deals with object-matter, and discusses the signs by which nature communicates her message—that is, phenomena. Metaphysical science has to do with the subject-mind, and discusses the meaning of the message. One converts God's hieroglyphics into easily-intelligible language; the other translates this language into Ideas. If this is true, there must be a unity of method in all science, however great the diversity of the object-matter investigated. This method is subjectively determined, that is, by the constitution of the mind, and not by the particular form of matter upon which intellectual energy may be exerted. If there is an essential unity in all knowledge, it is because there is a corresponding unity of method in all mental activity."
Evolution As Natural History
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Author : Wim J. van der Steen
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 2000-06-30
Evolution As Natural History written by Wim J. van der Steen and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-06-30 with Science categories.
Wim van der Steen charts conceptual foundations of evolutionary biology and, on the basis of this, he evaluates applications of evolutionary theory outside biology. Philosophical analysis shows that key notions of the theory such as fitness, adaptation, selection, and optimality are empty place-holder concepts that call for context-dependent specifications of meaning. For example, as he points out, the notion of optimality is empty without a specification of constraints. Hence, the controversial thesis that animals perform optimal behaviors as a result of natural selection is meaningless rather than true or false. Analysis shows that many other controversies in evolutionary biology are spurious. Thus, the thesis of genic selectionism, which puts genes at center stage in evolutionary theory, is best reconstructed as an arbitrary conceptualization without substance. Disagreements over the thesis are futile. They reflect preferences for different conceptualizations which are ultimately equivalent. As concepts are properly specified, van der Steen asserts evolutionary theory turns out to be a body of interesting natural history at a low level of generality. General laws of evolution do not exist. Hence, evolutionary approaches do not allow sweeping claims about human nature. Unfortunately, in disciplines outside biology such claims are often defended with evolutionary approaches. Evolutionary theory also cannot serve as a foundation for normative views in ethics or epistemology. This is an important and controversial work for scholars and advanced researchers in biology and the philosophy of biology.
Thinking About Life
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Author : Paul S. Agutter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-11-05
Thinking About Life written by Paul S. Agutter and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-05 with Science categories.
Our previous book, About Life, concerned modern biology. We used our present-day understanding of cells to ‘define’ the living state, providing a basis for exploring several general-interest topics: the origin of life, extraterrestrial life, intelligence, and the possibility that humans are unique. The ideas we proposed in About Life were intended as starting-points for debate – we did not claim them as ‘truth’ – but the information on which they were based is currently accepted as ‘scientific fact’. What does that mean? What is ‘scientific fact’ and why is it accepted? What is science – and is biology like other sciences such as physics (except in subject m- ter)? The book you are now reading investigates these questions – and some related ones. Like About Life, it may particularly interest a reader who wishes to change career to biology and its related subdisciplines. In line with a recommendation by the British Association for the Advancement of Science – that the public should be given fuller information about the nature of science – we present the concepts underpinning biology and a survey of its historical and philosophical basis.
The Law Of Evolution
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Author : John Scouller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1904
The Law Of Evolution written by John Scouller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1904 with Evolution categories.