The Philosophy Of Group Polarization
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The Philosophy Of Group Polarization
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Author : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-02-15
The Philosophy Of Group Polarization written by Fernando Broncano-Berrocal and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-15 with Philosophy categories.
Group polarization—the tendency of groups to incline toward more extreme positions than initially held by their individual members—has been rigorously studied by social psychologists, though in a way that has overlooked important philosophical questions. This is the first book-length treatment of group polarization from a philosophical perspective. The phenomenon of group polarization raises several important metaphysical and epistemological questions. From a metaphysical point of view, can group polarization, understood as an epistemic feature of a group, be reduced to epistemic features of its individual members? Relatedly, from an epistemological point of view, is group polarization best understood as a kind of cognitive bias or rather in terms of intellectual vice? This book compares four models that combine potential answers to the metaphysical and epistemological questions. The models considered are: group polarization as (i) a collective bias; (ii) a summation of individual epistemic vices; (iii) a summation of individual biases; and (iv) a collective epistemic vice. Ultimately, the authors defend a collective vice model of group polarization over the competing alternatives. The Philosophy of Group Polarization will be of interest to students and researchers working in epistemology, particularly those working on social epistemology, collective epistemology, social ontology, virtue epistemology, and distributed cognition. It will also be of interest to those working on issues in political epistemology, applied epistemology, and on topics at the intersection of epistemology and ethics.
Social Influence Network Theory
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Author : Noah E. Friedkin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-04-18
Social Influence Network Theory written by Noah E. Friedkin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-18 with Social Science categories.
Social influence network theory presents a mathematical formalization of the social process of attitude changes that unfolds in a social network of interpersonal influences. This book brings the theory to bear on lines of research in the domain of small group dynamics concerned with changes of group members' positions on an issue, including the formation of consensus and of settled disagreement, via endogenous interpersonal influences, in which group members are responding to the displayed positions of the members of the group. Social influence network theory advances a dynamic social cognition mechanism, in which individuals are weighing and combining their own and others' positions on an issue in the revision of their own positions. The influence network construct of the theory is the social structure of the endogenous interpersonal influences that are involved in this mechanism. With this theory, the authors seek to lay the foundation for a better formal integration of classical and current lines of work on small groups in psychological and sociological social psychology.
Grandstanding
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Author : Justin Tosi
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-04-01
Grandstanding written by Justin Tosi and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-01 with Philosophy categories.
We are all guilty of it. We call people terrible names in conversation or online. We vilify those with whom we disagree, and make bolder claims than we could defend. We want to be seen as taking the moral high ground not just to make a point, or move a debate forward, but to look a certain way--incensed, or compassionate, or committed to a cause. We exaggerate. In other words, we grandstand. Nowhere is this more evident than in public discourse today, and especially as it plays out across the internet. To philosophers Justin Tosi and Brandon Warmke, who have written extensively about moral grandstanding, such one-upmanship is not just annoying, but dangerous. As politics gets more and more polarized, people on both sides of the spectrum move further and further apart when they let grandstanding get in the way of engaging one another. The pollution of our most urgent conversations with self-interest damages the very causes they are meant to forward. Drawing from work in psychology, economics, and political science, and along with contemporary examples spanning the political spectrum, the authors dive deeply into why and how we grandstand. Using the analytic tools of psychology and moral philosophy, they explain what drives us to behave in this way, and what we stand to lose by taking it too far. Most importantly, they show how, by avoiding grandstanding, we can re-build a public square worth participating in.
Logic Rationality And Interaction
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Author : Alexandru Baltag
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-09-01
Logic Rationality And Interaction written by Alexandru Baltag and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-01 with Mathematics categories.
This LNCS volume is part of FoLLI book serie and contains the papers presented at the 6th International Workshop on Logic, Rationality and Interaction/ (LORI-VI), held in September 2017 in Sapporo, Japan. The focus of the workshop is on following topics: Agency, Argumentation and Agreement, Belief Revision and Belief Merging, Belief Representation, Cooperation, Decision making and Planning, Natural Language, Philosophy and Philosophical Logic, and Strategic Reasoning.
The Psychology Of Political Polarization
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Author : Jan-Willem van Prooijen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-03-30
The Psychology Of Political Polarization written by Jan-Willem van Prooijen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-30 with Political Science categories.
The Psychology of Political Polarization was inspired by the notion that, to understand the momentum of radical political movements, it is important to understand the attitudes of individual citizens who support such movements. Leading political psychologists have contributed to this important book, in which they share their latest ideas about political polarization – a complex phenomenon that cannot be traced back to a single cause, and that is associated with intolerance, overconfidence, and irrational beliefs. The book explores the basis of political polarization as being how citizens think and feel about people with a different worldview, how they perceive minority groups, and how much they trust leaders and experts on pressing societal issues such as climate change, health, international relations, and poverty. The chapters are organized into two sections that examine what psychological processes and what social factors contribute to polarization among regular citizens. The book also describes practical strategies and interventions to depolarize people. The book offers a state-of-the-art introduction to the psychology of political polarization which will appeal to the academic market and political professionals.
Higher Order Evidence
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Author : Mattias Skipper
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Higher Order Evidence written by Mattias Skipper and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Philosophy categories.
We often have reason to doubt our own ability to form rational beliefs, particularly when we are exposed to higher-order evidence. This book explains how disagreements with trusted friends, or learning of our own cognitive biases, can impact on our views. From there it explores a range of interrelated issues on this topic of higher-order evidence.
Epistemic Consequentialism
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Author : H. Kristoffer Ahlstrom-Vij
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-05-03
Epistemic Consequentialism written by H. Kristoffer Ahlstrom-Vij and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-03 with Philosophy categories.
An important issue in epistemology concerns the source of epistemic normativity. Epistemic consequentialism maintains that epistemic norms are genuine norms in virtue of the way in which they are conducive to epistemic value, whatever epistemic value may be. So, for example, the epistemic consequentialist might say that it is a norm that beliefs should be consistent, in that holding consistent beliefs is the best way to achieve the epistemic value of accuracy. Thus epistemic consequentialism is structurally similar to the family of consequentialist views in ethics. Recently, philosophers from both formal epistemology and traditional epistemology have shown interest in such a view. In formal epistemology, there has been particular interest in thinking of epistemology as a kind of decision theory where instead of maximizing expected utility one maximizes expected epistemic utility. In traditional epistemology, there has been particular interest in various forms of reliabilism about justification and whether such views are analogous to—and so face similar problems to—versions of consequentialism in ethics. This volume presents some of the most recent work on these topics as well as others related to epistemic consequentialism, by authors that are sympathetic to the view and those who are critical of it.
The Concept Of The Public Realm
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Author : Noel O'Sullivan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-09-13
The Concept Of The Public Realm written by Noel O'Sullivan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-13 with Political Science categories.
In its political form, the existence of a public realm is the basis of a shared relationship between rulers and ruled which makes politics more than mere power or domination. How to construct and maintain a public realm in the political sphere is, however, a matter of especial dispute at the present day, due partly to the increasing difficulty of making the distinction between public and private spheres which has been the basis of Western liberal democracy; partly to the tendency of public concerns to be identified with economic interests, which transforms citizens into consumers; partly to pressure for the acknowledgement of diversity of every kind, which creates the danger of fragmenting the public realm; and partly to globalization processes which have undermined the traditional identification of the public realm with national political institutions. Globalization has, in addition, raised the question of whether there can be a supra-national public realm and, more generally, of what form it is likely to assume in non-Western cultures. These are amongst the fundamental contemporary issues addressed by contributors to the present volume. This book was published as a special issue of the Critical Review of International, Social and Political Philosophy.
The Epistemology Of Group Disagreement
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Author : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-11-23
The Epistemology Of Group Disagreement written by Fernando Broncano-Berrocal and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-23 with Education categories.
This book brings together philosophers to investigate the nature and normativity of group disagreement. Debates in the epistemology of disagreement have mainly been concerned with idealized cases of peer disagreement between individuals. However, most real-life disagreements are complex and often take place within and between groups. Ascribing views, beliefs, and judgments to groups is a common phenomenon that is well researched in the literature on the ontology and epistemology of groups. The chapters in this volume seek to connect these literatures and to explore both intra- and inter- group disagreements. They apply their discussions to a range of political, religious, social, and scientific issues. The Epistemology of Group Disagreement is an important resource for students and scholars working on social and applied epistemology; disagreement; and topics at the intersection of epistemology, ethics, and politics.
Prejudice
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Author : Endre Begby
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021
Prejudice written by Endre Begby and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Philosophy categories.
Many prejudiced beliefs will be false and many will be harmful. But it is widely assumed also that prejudiced belief is defective in the sense that it could only arise from distinctive kinds of epistemic irrationality: we could acquire or retain such beliefs only by neglecting evidence, and thereby violating our epistemic responsibilities. In Prejudice, Endre Begby argues that this common conviction is misguided: there are many pathways to epistemically justified prejudiced belief. He provides a systematic platform for "non-ideal epistemology" which applies to a wide range of other socio-epistemic phenomena of current concern: fake news, conspiracy theories, science scepticism, and more. It is widely assumed that we can be held morally accountable for the harms that prejudiced beliefs cause only if we are epistemically blameworthy for holding the beliefs in the first place. Through examples and case studies at individual, collective, and institutional levels of decision making, Begby argues, that it is a mistake to lean on the concept of epistemic responsibility to articulate our moral responsibilities in this way. There is no barrier to holding us accountable even for blameless wrongs. Dissociating these notions also frees victims of prejudice from the unreasonable burden of-having to show that their victimizers were in a position to know better. Book jacket.